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Collaboration Graph
In mathematics and social science, a collaboration graph is a graph modeling some social network where the vertices represent participants of that network (usually individual people) and where two distinct participants are joined by an edge whenever there is a collaborative relationship between them of a particular kind. Collaboration graphs are used to measure the closeness of collaborative relationships between the participants of the network. Types considered in the literature The most well-studied collaboration graphs include: *Collaboration graph of mathematicians also known as the Erdős collaboration graph, where two mathematicians are joined by an edge whenever they co-authored a paper together (with possibly other co-authors present). *Collaboration graph of movie actors, also known as the Hollywood graph or co-stardom network, where two movie actors are joined by an edge whenever they appeared in a movie together. *Collaborations graphs in other social networks, such as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Mathematics
Mathematics is an area of knowledge that includes the topics of numbers, formulas and related structures, shapes and the spaces in which they are contained, and quantities and their changes. These topics are represented in modern mathematics with the major subdisciplines of number theory, algebra, geometry, and analysis, respectively. There is no general consensus among mathematicians about a common definition for their academic discipline. Most mathematical activity involves the discovery of properties of abstract objects and the use of pure reason to prove them. These objects consist of either abstractions from nature orin modern mathematicsentities that are stipulated to have certain properties, called axioms. A ''proof'' consists of a succession of applications of deductive rules to already established results. These results include previously proved theorems, axioms, andin case of abstraction from naturesome basic properties that are considered true starting poin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Paul Erdős
Paul Erdős ( hu, Erdős Pál ; 26 March 1913 – 20 September 1996) was a Hungarian mathematician. He was one of the most prolific mathematicians and producers of mathematical conjectures of the 20th century. pursued and proposed problems in discrete mathematics, graph theory, number theory, mathematical analysis, approximation theory, set theory, and probability theory. Much of his work centered around discrete mathematics, cracking many previously unsolved problems in the field. He championed and contributed to Ramsey theory, which studies the conditions in which order necessarily appears. Overall, his work leaned towards solving previously open problems, rather than developing or exploring new areas of mathematics. Erdős published around 1,500 mathematical papers during his lifetime, a figure that remains unsurpassed. He firmly believed mathematics to be a social activity, living an itinerant lifestyle with the sole purpose of writing mathematical papers with other mat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Scientometrics
Scientometrics is the field of study which concerns itself with measuring and analysing scholarly literature. Scientometrics is a sub-field of informetrics. Major research issues include the measurement of the impact of research papers and academic journals, the understanding of scientific citations, and the use of such measurements in policy and management contexts. Leydesdorff, L. and Milojevic, S., "ScientometricsarXiv:1208.4566(2013), forthcoming in: Lynch, M. (editor), ''International Encyclopedia of Social and Behavioral Sciences'' subsection 85030. (2015) In practice there is a significant overlap between scientometrics and other scientific fields such as information systems, information science, science of science policy, sociology of science, and metascience. Critics have argued that over-reliance on scientometrics has created a system of perverse incentives, producing a publish or perish environment that leads to low-quality research. Historical development Mode ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Berlin
Berlin is Capital of Germany, the capital and largest city of Germany, both by area and List of cities in Germany by population, by population. Its more than 3.85 million inhabitants make it the European Union's List of cities in the European Union by population within city limits, most populous city, as measured by population within city limits having gained this status after the United Kingdom's, and thus London's, Brexit, departure from the European Union. Simultaneously, the city is one of the states of Germany, and is the List of German states by area, third smallest state in the country in terms of area. Berlin is surrounded by the state of Brandenburg, and Brandenburg's capital Potsdam is nearby. The urban area of Berlin has a population of over 4.5 million and is therefore the most populous urban area in Germany. The Berlin/Brandenburg Metropolitan Region, Berlin-Brandenburg capital region has around 6.2 million inhabitants and is Germany's second-largest metropolitan reg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Multigraph
In mathematics, and more specifically in graph theory, a multigraph is a graph which is permitted to have multiple edges (also called ''parallel edges''), that is, edges that have the same end nodes. Thus two vertices may be connected by more than one edge. There are two distinct notions of multiple edges: * ''Edges without own identity'': The identity of an edge is defined solely by the two nodes it connects. In this case, the term "multiple edges" means that the same edge can occur several times between these two nodes. * ''Edges with own identity'': Edges are primitive entities just like nodes. When multiple edges connect two nodes, these are different edges. A multigraph is different from a hypergraph, which is a graph in which an edge can connect any number of nodes, not just two. For some authors, the terms ''pseudograph'' and ''multigraph'' are synonymous. For others, a pseudograph is a multigraph that is permitted to have loops. Undirected multigraph (edges with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Hyperedge
This is a glossary of graph theory. Graph theory is the study of graphs, systems of nodes or vertices connected in pairs by lines or edges. Symbols A B C D E F G H I K L M N O ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Hypergraph
In mathematics, a hypergraph is a generalization of a graph in which an edge can join any number of vertices. In contrast, in an ordinary graph, an edge connects exactly two vertices. Formally, an undirected hypergraph H is a pair H = (X,E) where X is a set of elements called ''nodes'' or ''vertices'', and E is a set of non-empty subsets of X called '' hyperedges'' or ''edges''. Therefore, E is a subset of \mathcal(X) \setminus\, where \mathcal(X) is the power set of X. The size of the vertex set is called the ''order of the hypergraph'', and the size of edges set is the ''size of the hypergraph''. A directed hypergraph differs in that its hyperedges are not sets, but ordered pairs of subsets of X, with each pair's first and second entries constituting the tail and head of the hyperedge respectively. While graph edges connect only 2 nodes, hyperedges connect an arbitrary number of nodes. However, it is often desirable to study hypergraphs where all hyperedges have the same c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Kevin Bacon
Kevin Norwood Bacon (born July 8, 1958) is an American actor. His films include the musical-drama film '' Footloose'' (1984), the controversial historical conspiracy legal thriller ''JFK'' (1991), the legal drama '' A Few Good Men'' (1992), the historical docudrama ''Apollo 13'' (1995), and the mystery drama '' Mystic River'' (2003). Bacon is also known for voicing the title character in '' Balto'' (1995), and has taken on darker roles, such as that of a sadistic guard in '' Sleepers'' (1996), and troubled former child abuser in '' The Woodsman'' (2004). He is further known for the hit comedies '' National Lampoon's Animal House'' (1978), ''Diner'' (1982), '' Tremors'' (1990) and '' Crazy, Stupid, Love'' (2011). His other well-known films are '' Friday the 13th'' (1980), ''Flatliners'' (1990), '' The River Wild'' (1994), '' Wild Things'' (1998), '' Stir of Echoes'' (1999), '' Hollow Man'' (2000), '' Frost/Nixon'' (2008), '' X-Men: First Class'' (2011), '' Black Mass'' (2015) and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Bacon Number
Six Degrees of Kevin Bacon or Bacon's Law is a parlor game where players challenge each other to arbitrarily choose an actor and then connect them to another actor via a film that both actors have appeared in together, repeating this process to try to find the shortest path that ultimately leads to prolific American actor Kevin Bacon. It rests on the assumption that anyone involved in the Hollywood film industry can be linked through their film roles to Bacon within six steps. The game's name is a reference to " six degrees of separation", a concept that posits that any two people on Earth are six or fewer acquaintance links apart. In 2007, Bacon started a charitable organization called SixDegrees.org. In 2020, Bacon started a podcast called ''The Last Degree of Kevin Bacon''. History In a January 1994 interview with ''Premiere'' magazine, Kevin Bacon mentioned while discussing the film '' The River Wild'' that "he had worked with everybody in Hollywood or someone who's work ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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MathSciNet
MathSciNet is a searchable online bibliographic database created by the American Mathematical Society in 1996. It contains all of the contents of the journal '' Mathematical Reviews'' (MR) since 1940 along with an extensive author database, links to other MR entries, citations, full journal entries, and links to original articles. It contains almost 3.6 million items and over 2.3 million links to original articles. Along with its parent publication ''Mathematical Reviews'', MathSciNet has become an essential tool for researchers in the mathematical sciences. Access to the database is by subscription only and is not generally available to individual researchers who are not affiliated with a larger subscribing institution. For the first 40 years of its existence, traditional typesetting was used to produce the Mathematical Reviews journal. Starting in 1980 bibliographic information and the reviews themselves were produced in both print and electronic form. This formed the basis of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Boca Raton, FL
Boca Raton ( ; es, Boca Ratón, link=no, ) is a city in Palm Beach County, Florida, United States. It was first incorporated on August 2, 1924, as "Bocaratone," and then incorporated as "Boca Raton" in 1925. The population was 97,422 in the 2020 census, and it was ranked as the 344th largest city in America in 2022. However, approximately 200,000 additional people with a Boca Raton postal address live outside of municipal boundaries, such as in West Boca Raton. As a business center, the city experiences significant daytime population increases. Boca Raton is north of Miami and is a principal city of the Miami metropolitan area, which had a population of 6,012,331 as of 2015. Boca Raton is home to the main campus of Florida Atlantic University and the corporate headquarters of Office Depot. It is also home to the Evert Tennis Academy, owned by former professional tennis player Chris Evert. Boca Town Center, an upscale shopping center in central Boca Raton, is one of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |