Character encodingCharacter encoding is a convention of using a numeric value to represent each character of a writing script. Not only can a character set include natural languagesymbols, but it can also include codes that have meanings or functions outside of language, such as control characters and whitespace. Character encodings have also been defined for some constructed languages. When encoded, character data can be stored, transmitted, and transformed by a computer.
Character (computing)In computing and telecommunications, a character is the encoded representation of a natural language character (including letter, numeral and punctuation), whitespace (space or tab), or a control character (controls computer hardware that consumes character-based data). A sequence of characters is called a string. Some character encoding systems represent each character using a fixed number of bits whereas other systems use varying sizes.
Whitespace characterA whitespace character is a characterdata element that represents white space when text is rendered for display by a computer. For example, a space character (U+0020SPACE, ASCII 32) represents blank space such as a word divider in a Western script. A printable character results in output when rendered, but a whitespace character does not.
UnicodeCharacter encoding standardUnicode (also known as The Unicode Standard and TUS) is a character encoding standard maintained by the Unicode Consortium designed to support the use of text in all of the world's writing systems that can be digitized. Version 18.0 defines 172,808 characters and 175 scripts used in various ordinary, literary, academic and technical contexts.
GraphemeSmallest functional written unit Various glyphs representing instances of the lower case letter ⟨a⟩, considered to be allographs of the same grapheme In linguistics, a grapheme is the smallest functional unit of a writing system. The word grapheme is derived from Ancient Greek's gráphō ('write'), and the suffix -eme (by analogy with phoneme and other emic units). The study of graphemes is called graphemics.Table (database)In a database, a table is a collection of related data organized in table format (consisting of columns and rows). In relational databases, and flat file databases, a table is a set of data elements (values) using a model of vertical columns (identifiable by name) and horizontal rows, the cell being the unit where a row and column intersect. A table has a specified number of columns, but can have any number of rows.
Three-dimensional spaceGeometric model of the physical spaceA representation of a three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate systemIn geometry, a three-dimensional (3D) space is a mathematical space in which three values (termed coordinates) are required to determine the position of a point. Alternatively, it can be referred to as 3-space or, rarely, tri-dimensional space.
One-dimensional spaceSpace with one dimension GeometryProjecting a sphere to a plane Branches Euclidean Non-Euclidean Elliptic Spherical Hyperbolic Non-Archimedean geometry Projective Affine Synthetic Analytic Algebraic Arithmetic Diophantine Differential Riemannian Symplectic Discrete differential Complex Finite Discrete/Combinatorial Digital Convex Computational Fractal Incidence Noncommutative geometry Noncommutative algebraic geometry ConceptsFeaturesDimension Straightedge and compass constructions Angle Polytope Centroid Diagonal Orthogonality (Perpendicular) Parallel Vertex Congruence Similarity Symmetry Zero-dimensional Point One-dimensional Line Line segment Ray Curve Geodesic Length Two-dimensional Surface Plane Area Polygon Simple Convex Concave Star Regular Reuleaux Triangle Centers Altitude Hypotenuse Pythagorean theorem Circular Reuleaux Hyperbolic Ideal Spherical Quadrilateral Parallelogram Rectangle Square Rhombus Rhomboid Trapezoid Kite Circle Radius Diameter Circumference Disk Area Three-dimensional Surface area Volume Polyhedron Platonic Solid Tetrahedron Reuleaux cuboid Cube Octahedron Dodecahedron Icosahedron Pyramid Star Toroidal Ideal Solid of revolution Sphere Great circle Cylinder Cone Four - other-dimensional 4-polytope Simplex 5-cell Hypercube Tesseract n-sphere Geometers by name Aida Aryabhata Ahmes Alhazen Apollonius Archimedes Atiyah Baudhayana Bolyai Brahmagupta Cartan Chern Coxeter Descartes Euclid Euler Gauss Gromov Hilbert Huygens Jyeṣṭhadeva Kātyāyana Khayyám Klein Lobachevsky Manava Minkowski Minggatu Pascal Pythagoras Parameshvara Poincaré Riemann Sakabe Sijzi al-Tusi Veblen Virasena Yang Hui al-Yasamin Zhang List of geometers by period BCE Ahmes Baudhayana Manava Pythagoras Euclid Archimedes Apollonius 1–1400s Zhang Kātyāyana Aryabhata Brahmagupta Virasena Alhazen Sijzi Khayyám al-Yasamin al-Tusi Yang Hui Parameshvara 1400s–1700s Jyeṣṭhadeva Descartes Pascal Huygens Minggatu Euler Sakabe Aida 1700s–1900s Gauss Lobachevsky Bolyai Riemann Klein Poincaré Hilbert Minkowski Cartan Veblen Coxeter Chern Present day Atiyah Gromov vte A one-dimensional (1D) space is a mathematical space in which location can be specified with a single coordinate.
Two-dimensional spaceA two-dimensional space is a mathematical space with two dimensions, meaning points have two degrees of freedom: their locations can be locally described with two coordinates or they can move in two independent directions. Common two-dimensional spaces are often called planes (especially the Euclidean plane), or, more generally, surfaces.
TelecommunicationsTransmission of information electromagneticallyEarth station at the satellite communication facility Raisting Earth Station in Raisting, Weilheim-Schongau, Bavaria, GermanyTelecommunication, often used in its plural form or abbreviated as telecom, is the transmission of information over a distance using electrical or electronic means, typically through cables, radio waves, or other communication technologies.
SemanticsStudy of meaning in languageA central topic in semantics concerns the relation between language, world, and mental concepts.Semantics is the study of linguistic meaning. It examines what meaning is, how words get their meaning, and how the meaning of a complex expression depends on its parts. Part of this process involves the distinction between sense and reference.
FractionRatio of two numbersA cake with one quarter (one fourth) removed. The remaining three fourths are shown by dotted lines and labeled by the fraction 1⁄4.A fraction (from Latin: fractus, "broken") represents a part of a whole or, more generally, any number of equal parts. When spoken in everyday English, a fraction describes how many parts of a certain size there are, for example, one-half, eight-fifths, three-quarters.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.