Chocolate Lily
Chocolate lily refers to any of a number of flowering plant species: * ''Dichopogon strictus'' (syn. ''Arthropodium strictum''), whose flowers smell of chocolate * ''Fritillaria affinis'', also called rice-root or checker lily, from western North America * ''Fritillaria biflora'', with chocolate-brown flowers, in California * ''Fritillaria camschatcensis ''Fritillaria camschatcensis'' is a species of flowering plant native to northeastern Asia and northwestern North America, including northern Oregon, Washington, British Columbia, Alaska, northern Japan, and the Russian Far East (Amur, Kamchatka, ...

Flowering Plant
Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. The term "angiosperm" is derived from the Greek words ('container, vessel') and ('seed'), and refers to those plants that produce their seeds enclosed within a fruit. They are by far the most diverse group of land plants with 64 orders, 416 families, approximately 13,000 known genera and 300,000 known species. Angiosperms were formerly called Magnoliophyta (). Like gymnosperms, angiosperms are seed-producing plants. They are distinguished from gymnosperms by characteristics including flowers, endosperm within their seeds, and the production of fruits that contain the seeds. The ancestors of flowering plants diverged from the common ancestor of all living gymnosperms before the end of the Carboniferous, over 300 million years ago. The closest fossil relatives of flowering plants are uncertain and contentious. The earliest angiosperm fossils ar ...
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Species
In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. Other ways of defining species include their karyotype, DNA sequence, morphology, behaviour or ecological niche. In addition, paleontologists use the concept of the chronospecies since fossil reproduction cannot be examined. The most recent rigorous estimate for the total number of species of eukaryotes is between 8 and 8.7 million. However, only about 14% of these had been described by 2011. All species (except viruses) are given a two-part name, a "binomial". The first part of a binomial is the genus to which the species belongs. The second part is called the specific name or the specific epithet (in botanical nomenclature, also sometimes i ...
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Dichopogon Strictus
''Dichopogon strictus'' ( syn. ''Arthropodium strictum''), commonly known as chocolate lily, is a herbaceous perennial plant species native to Australia. Description The species has up to 12 leaves that are linear or lanceolate in shape and are up to 65 cm long and 1–12 mm wide. The racemose inflorescence is up to 1 metre high. This appears between August and January in the species' native range. The individual, drooping flowers range in colour from pale mauve to dark purple. The common name chocolate lily alludes to the scent of the flowers which resembles chocolate, caramel or vanilla. The tubers, which are juicy and slightly bitter in taste, were eaten by Indigenous Australians. Taxonomy The species was formally described in 1810 by Scottish botanist Robert Brown, based on plant material collected at Port Dalrymple in Tasmania. Brown gave it the name ''Arthropodium strictum''. In 1876, English botanist John Gilbert Baker transferred it to the genus ''Dichopogon ...
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Fritillaria Affinis
''Fritillaria affinis'', the chocolate lily, is a highly variable species of flowering plant in the lily family Liliaceae native to western North America. Description It grows from a bulb, which resembles a small mass of rice grains. The stems are tall. The flowers are produced in the spring, nodding, , yellowish or greenish brown with a lot of yellow mottling to purplish black with little mottling, or yellow-green mottled with purple. The leaves are in whorls. There are two varieties: *''Fritillaria affinis'' var. ''affinis'': This is the more common and widespread variant, occurring throughout the plant's range. It can be differentiated by its strong mottling pattern. Its bulb has 2 to 20 small scales. *''Fritillaria affinis'' var. ''tristulis'': This variant is much less widespread; it is found only in Marin County on the north coast of California. It has a much more subtle mottling pattern and is generally darker overall. Its bulb has 60 to 100 small scales. Distribu ...
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Fritillaria Biflora
''Fritillaria biflora'', the chocolate lily or mission bells, is a species of fritillary native to western California, US, and northern Baja California, Mexico. It occurs in the chaparral and woodlands ecoregion, often in serpentine soil formations and hillside grassland habitats. ''Fritillaria biflora'' is a bulbous herbaceous perennial up to 60 cm tall. It is called "chocolate lily" because its flowers can resemble the color of chocolate, although sometimes they are greenish purple or yellowish green. Flowers bloom in March and April. ''Fritillaria biflora'' should not be confused with '' Arthropodium strictum'', which is also called "chocolate lily". In the latter, the scent is reminiscent of chocolate, rather than the color. The Kamchatka fritillary (''F. camschatcensis'') is sometimes also called "chocolate lily" in Alaska. Varieties Two varieties are recognized: *''Fritillaria biflora'' var. ''biflora''—leaves widely lanceolate, most of the species range * ''Frit ...
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