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Celestial Police
The celestial police (german: Himmelspolizey), officially the United Astronomical Society (german: Vereinigte Astronomische Gesellschaft, VAG), were an informal group of astronomers working in the early 19th century with the express purpose of finding additional planets in the solar system. Inspired by the work of William Herschel and the discovery of Uranus, the first planet not known to the ancients, the celestial police made discoveries of numerous objects in orbit around the sun, notably several of those in orbit between Mars and Jupiter, which would lead to the identification of the asteroid belt. History The group was founded in 1800 by Franz Xaver von Zach, a German astronomer and editor of the journal ''Monatliche Correspondenz zur Beförderung der Erd- und Himmels-Kunde'', when he sent letters out to a select group of astronomers, asking them to dedicate themselves to a search for a "missing planet". The leadership of the group was undertaken by Wilhelm Olbers, who ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vereinigte Astronomische Gesellschaft
''Vereinigte Astronomische Gesellschaft'' (VAG) was an international astronomical society founded in 1800. History International cooperation in astronomy started with a first meeting of 15 European astronomers in Gotha in 1798. The society was founded two years in Lilienthal, near Bremen, to organize the compilation of ecliptic star charts, with more than half of the members originated from non-German speaking countries. In the same year '' Monatliche Correspondenz'' (monthly correspondence) was founded in 1800 by Franz Xaver von Zach to publish results. In 1845, the society published the '' Berliner Akademische Sternkarten'' (Berlin academic star maps). See also * ''Astronomische Gesellschaft'' * List of astronomical societies * Celestial police References Further reading * Wolfgang R. Dick, Jürgen Hamel Jürgen Hamel (born 6 June 1951) is a German astronomy historian. His research areas are the history of astronomy in the Middle Ages and the early modern period, t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
UNESCO
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) aimed at promoting world peace and security through international cooperation in education, arts, sciences and culture. It has 193 member states and 12 associate members, as well as partners in the non-governmental, intergovernmental and private sector. Headquartered at the World Heritage Centre in Paris, France, UNESCO has 53 regional field offices and 199 national commissions that facilitate its global mandate. UNESCO was founded in 1945 as the successor to the League of Nations's International Committee on Intellectual Cooperation.English summary). Its constitution establishes the agency's goals, governing structure, and operating framework. UNESCO's founding mission, which was shaped by the Second World War, is to advance peace, sustainable development and human rights by facilitating collaboration and dialogue among nations. It pursues this objective t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Daniel Melanderhjelm
Daniel is a masculine given name and a surname of Hebrew origin. It means "God is my judge"Hanks, Hardcastle and Hodges, ''Oxford Dictionary of First Names'', Oxford University Press, 2nd edition, , p. 68. (cf. Gabriel—"God is my strength"), and derives from two early biblical figures, primary among them Daniel from the Book of Daniel. It is a common given name for males, and is also used as a surname. It is also the basis for various derived given names and surnames. Background The name evolved into over 100 different spellings in countries around the world. Nicknames (Dan, Danny) are common in both English and Hebrew; "Dan" may also be a complete given name rather than a nickname. The name "Daniil" (Даниил) is common in Russia. Feminine versions (Danielle, Danièle, Daniela, Daniella, Dani, Danitza) are prevalent as well. It has been particularly well-used in Ireland. The Dutch names "Daan" and "Daniël" are also variations of Daniel. A related surname develo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thomas Bugge
Thomas Bugge (12 October 1740 – 15 January 1815) was a Danish astronomer, mathematician and surveyor. He succeeded Christian Horrebow as professor of astronomy at the University of Copenhagen in 1777. His triangulation surveys of Denmark carried out under the auspices of the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences were instrumental in creating the first precise maps of Denmark. He served as president of the Royal Danish Society for Agriculture (1773–1783), director of Den Almindelige Enkekasse (1782–), secretary of the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences (1801–1815) and three one-year terms as rector of the University of Copenhagen. Early life and education Bugge was born on 12 October 1740 in Copenhagen, the son of royal ''kkælderskriver'' and later ''proviantforvalter'' Peder Bugge (1700–73) and Oliva Saur (c. 1720 – 1685). He was taught privately by Hans Christian Saxtorph before studying theology at the University of Copenhagen, graduating in 1759. Career Bugge had ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Johann Tobias Bürg
Johann Tobias Bürg (December 24, 1766 – November 15, 1835), sometimes known as Johannes Burg,Plotner, Tammy''The Night Sky Companion: A Yearly Guide to Sky-Watching 2009'', p. 319.Springer Science+Business Media (New York), 2009. was an Austrian astronomer. Life Born in Vienna, Bürg worked as astronomical assistant to Franz Xaver von Zach at the Gotha Observatory. From 1791 he served as a professor of physics at the '' Gymnasium'' in Klagenfurt, Carinthia. He subsequently became assistant at the Vienna Observatory, where in 1817 he succeeded as director after the death of Franz de Paula Triesnecker. In 1799 he published astronomical tables on the Orbit of the Moon based on about 3,000 observations, that were praised for their accuracy. For these astronomical tables, Bürg was made a member of the French Academy of Sciences. He also was elected a Foreign Honorary Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Hanoverian Göttingen Academy of Sciences and Humanities ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Johann Hieronymus Schröter
Johann Hieronymus Schröter (30 August 1745, Erfurt – 29 August 1816, Lilienthal) was a German astronomer. Life Schröter was born in Erfurt, and studied law at Göttingen University from 1762 until 1767, after which he started a ten-year-long legal practice. In 1777 he was appointed Secretary of the Royal Chamber of George III in Hanover, where he made the acquaintance of two of William Herschel's brothers. In 1779 he acquired a three-foot-long (91 cm, almost one metre) achromatic refractor with lens (50 mm) to observe the Sun, Moon and Venus. Herschel's discovery of Uranus in 1781 inspired Schröter to pursue astronomy more seriously, and he resigned his post and became chief magistrate and district governor of Lilienthal. In 1784 he paid 31 Reichsthaler (about 600 Euros of today) for a Herschel reflector of 122 cm focal length and 12 cm aperture. He quickly gained a good name from his observational reports in journals, but was not satisfied an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karl Ludwig Harding
Karl Ludwig Harding (29 September 1765 – 31 August 1834) was a German astronomer, who discovered 3 Juno, the third asteroid of the main-belt in 1804. The lunar crater '' Harding'' and the asteroid 2003 Harding are named in his honor. Harding was born in Lauenburg. From 1786–89, he was educated at the University of Göttingen, where he studied theology, mathematics, and physics. In 1796 Johann Hieronymus Schröter hired Harding as a tutor for his son. Schröter was an enthusiastic astronomer, and Harding was soon appointed observer and inspector in his observatory. In 1800, he was among the 24 astronomers invited to participate in the celestial police, a group dedicated to finding additional planets in the solar system. As part of the group, in 1804, Harding discovered Juno at Schröter's observatory. In the same year he was appointed professor of astronomy in Göttingen and left Lilienthal, where his successor became Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel. In addition to Juno ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Johann Gildemeister (astronomer)
Johann Gildemeister (20 July 1812 – 11 March 1890) was a German Orientalist born in Kröpelin. Biography He studied Oriental languages and theology at the Universities of Göttingen and Bonn and graduated from the latter institution in 1838. Following a study trip to Leiden and Paris, he became a lecturer at Bonn, where he taught classes in Sanskrit, Oriental languages and literature as well as Old Testament exegesis. Later on he served as an associate professor of Oriental languages (1844). In 1845 he relocated to the University of Marburg as a professor of theology and Oriental literature. In 1859 he returned to Bonn as a professor. He died in Bonn (1890), at the age of 77. Works With historian Heinrich von Sybel, he was the author of 'Der heilige Rock zu Trier und die zwanzig andern heiligen ungenähten Röcke'', a controversial work that argued against the authenticity of the Holy Coat of Trier. Other noted publications by Gildemeister include: * ''Dissertationis de rebus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ferdinand Adolf Freiherr Von Ende
Ferdinand is a Germanic name composed of the elements "protection", "peace" (PIE "to love, to make peace") or alternatively "journey, travel", Proto-Germanic , abstract noun from root "to fare, travel" (PIE , "to lead, pass over"), and "courage" or "ready, prepared" related to Old High German "to risk, venture." The name was adopted in Romance languages from its use in the Visigothic Kingdom. It is reconstructed as either Gothic or . It became popular in German-speaking Europe only from the 16th century, with Habsburg rule over Spain. Variants of the name include , , , and in Spanish, in Catalan, and and in Portuguese. The French forms are , '' Fernand'', and , and it is '' Ferdinando'' and in Italian. In Hungarian both and are used equally. The Dutch forms are and '' Ferry''. There are numerous short forms in many languages, such as the Finnish . There is a feminine Spanish, Portuguese and Italian form, . Royalty Aragón/León/Castile/Spain *Ferdi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Johann Friedrich Wurm
Johann, typically a male given name, is the German form of ''Iohannes'', which is the Latin form of the Greek name ''Iōánnēs'' (), itself derived from Hebrew name ''Yochanan'' () in turn from its extended form (), meaning "Yahweh is Gracious" or "Yahweh is Merciful". Its English language equivalent is John. It is uncommon as a surname. People People with the name Johann include: A–K * Johann Adam Hiller (1728–1804), German composer * Johann Adam Reincken (1643–1722), Dutch/German organist * Johann Adam Remele (died 1740), German court painter * Johann Adolf I, Duke of Saxe-Weissenfels (1649–1697) * Johann Adolph Hasse (1699-1783), German Composer * Johann Altfuldisch (1911—1947), German Nazi SS concentration camp officer executed for war crimes * Johann Andreas Eisenmenger (1654–1704), German Orientalist * Johann Baptist Wanhal (1739–1813), Czech composer * Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach (1656–1723), Austrian architect * Johann Bernoulli (1667–1748), Sw ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Julius August Koch
The gens Julia (''gēns Iūlia'', ) was one of the most prominent patrician families in ancient Rome. Members of the gens attained the highest dignities of the state in the earliest times of the Republic. The first of the family to obtain the consulship was Gaius Julius Iulus in 489 BC. The gens is perhaps best known, however, for Gaius Julius Caesar, the dictator and grand uncle of the emperor Augustus, through whom the name was passed to the so-called Julio-Claudian dynasty of the first century AD. The Julius became very common in imperial times, as the descendants of persons enrolled as citizens under the early emperors began to make their mark in history.''Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology'', vol. II, pp. 642, 643. Origin The Julii were of Alban origin, mentioned as one of the leading Alban houses, which Tullus Hostilius removed to Rome upon the destruction of Alba Longa. The Julii also existed at an early period at Bovillae, evidenced by a v ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Georg Simon Klügel
Georg Simon Klügel (August 19, 1739 – August 4, 1812) was a German mathematician and physicist. He was born in Hamburg, and in 1760 went to the University of Göttingen where he initially studied theology before switching to mathematics. Georg Christoph Lichtenberg was a fellow student. His doctoral thesis ''Conatuum praecipuorum theoriam parallelarum demonstrandi recensio'', published in 1763 with Abraham Gotthelf Kästner as doctoral advisor, was a study of 30 attempted proofs of the parallel postulate. It was influential at the time and much cited. Klügel edited the ''Hannöversche Magazin'' for 2 years from 1766, before becoming professor of mathematics at the University of Helmstedt. In 1788 he succeeded Wenzeslaus Johann Gustav Karsten to the chair of mathematics and physics at the University of Halle. He died in Halle in 1812. He remained in correspondence with Lichtenberg throughout his career. Klügel made an exceptional contribution to trigonometry, unifying ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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