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Betaenone C
Betaenone C, like other betaenones ( A and B), is a secondary metabolite isolated from the fungus ''Pleospora betae'', a plant pathogen. Of the seven phytotoxins isolated in fungal leaf spots from sugar beet (''Beta vulgaris''), it showed 89% growth inhibition. Betaenone C has been shown to act by inhibiting RNA and protein synthesis Protein biosynthesis (or protein synthesis) is a core biological process, occurring inside Cell (biology), cells, homeostasis, balancing the loss of cellular proteins (via Proteolysis, degradation or Protein targeting, export) through the product .... References Decalins Tertiary alcohols Cyclic ketones Primary alcohols 3-Hydroxypropenals {{Ketone-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Betaenone
Betaenones are phytotoxins found in the fungus ''Pleospora betae''. The compounds were found to inhibit a variety of protein kinases. Members of this class of chemical compounds include: * Betaenone A * Betaenone B * Betaenone C Two further betaenones were found in a species of the fungus ''Microsphaeropsis'', which was isolated from the marine sponge ''Aplysina aerophoba''. References {{reflist Decalins Tertiary alcohols Cyclic ketones Hydroxyketones ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Betaenone A
Betaenone A, like other betaenones ( B and C), is a secondary metabolite isolated from the fungus ''Pleospora betae'', a plant pathogen. Of the seven phytotoxins isolated in fungal leaf spots from sugar beet (''Beta vulgaris''), it showed 73% growth inhibition ''Growth inhibition'' (GI) is a medical term pertaining to cancer therapy and the specific reduction in growth of tumors and oncogene cells by a chemical compound, mechanical therapy (e.g. electroporation), radiation, gene therapy, protein therapy, .... References Decalins Tertiary alcohols Primary alcohols {{Ketone-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Betaenone B
Betaenone B, like other betaenones ( A and C), is a secondary metabolite isolated from the fungus ''Pleospora betae'', a plant pathogen. Its phytotoxic properties have been shown to cause sugar beet leaf spots, which is characterized by black, pycnidia containing, concentric circles eventually leading to necrosis of the leaf tissue. Of the seven phytotoxins isolated in fungal leaf spots from sugar beet (''Beta vulgaris''), betaenone B showed the least amount of phytotoxicity showing only 8% inhibition of growth while betaenone A and C showed 73% and 89% growth inhibition, respectively. Betaenone B is therefore not considered toxic to the plant, but will produce leaf spots when present in high concentrations (0.33 μg/μL). While the mechanism of action of betaenone B has yet to be elucidated, betaenone C has been shown to inhibit RNA and protein synthesis. Most of the major work on betaenone B, including the initial structure elucidation of betaenone A, B and C as well as th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Secondary Metabolite
Secondary metabolites, also called specialised metabolites, toxins, secondary products, or natural products, are organic compounds produced by any lifeform, e.g. bacteria, fungi, animals, or plants, which are not directly involved in the normal growth, development, or reproduction of the organism. Instead, they generally mediate ecological interactions, which may produce a selective advantage for the organism by increasing its survivability or fecundity. Specific secondary metabolites are often restricted to a narrow set of species within a phylogenetic group. Secondary metabolites often play an important role in plant defense against herbivory and other interspecies defenses. Humans use secondary metabolites as medicines, flavourings, pigments, and recreational drugs. The term secondary metabolite was first coined by Albrecht Kossel, a 1910 Nobel Prize laureate for medicine and physiology in 1910. 30 years later a Polish botanist Friedrich Czapek described secondary metabolit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fungus
A fungus ( : fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as a kingdom, separately from the other eukaryotic kingdoms, which by one traditional classification include Plantae, Animalia, Protozoa, and Chromista. A characteristic that places fungi in a different kingdom from plants, bacteria, and some protists is chitin in their cell walls. Fungi, like animals, are heterotrophs; they acquire their food by absorbing dissolved molecules, typically by secreting digestive enzymes into their environment. Fungi do not photosynthesize. Growth is their means of mobility, except for spores (a few of which are flagellated), which may travel through the air or water. Fungi are the principal decomposers in ecological systems. These and other differences place fungi in a single group of related organisms, named the ''Eumycota'' (''true f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pleospora Betae
''Pleospora betae'' is a plant pathogen infecting beet. It contains the chemical substances betaenone A, B and C. Pleospora betae develops on dead beet residues and is a marsupial stage of the Phoma betae anamorph, parasitizing on beets and causing a number of harmful diseases. References Fungal plant pathogens and diseases Food plant pathogens and diseases Pleosporaceae Fungi described in 1877 {{fungus-plant-disease-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sugar Beet
A sugar beet is a plant whose root contains a high concentration of sucrose and which is grown commercially for sugar production. In plant breeding, it is known as the Altissima cultivar group of the common beet (''Beta vulgaris''). Together with other beet cultivars, such as beetroot and chard, it belongs to the subspecies ''Beta vulgaris'' subsp. ''vulgaris.'' Its closest wild relative is the sea beet (''Beta vulgaris'' subsp. ''maritima''). Sugar beets are grown in climates that are too cold for sugar cane. The low sugar content of the beets makes growing them a marginal proposition unless prices are relatively high. In 2020, Russia, the United States, Germany, France and Turkey were the world's five largest sugar beet producers. In 2010–2011, Europe, and North America except Arctic territories failed to supply the overall domestic demand for sugar and were all net importers of sugar. The US harvested of sugar beets in 2008. In 2009, sugar beets accounted for 20% of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Growth Inhibition
''Growth inhibition'' (GI) is a medical term pertaining to cancer therapy and the specific reduction in growth of tumors and oncogene cells by a chemical compound, mechanical therapy (e.g. electroporation), radiation, gene therapy, protein therapy, ultrasound waves, light, or any other treatment. Measured in micromoles/liter or micrograms/liter. See also *Chemotherapy *Radiotherapy *Cancer *Oncology *Electroporation *Protein therapy Protein replacement therapy is a medical treatment that supplements or replaces a protein in patients in whom that particular protein is deficient or absent. There have been significant advances in this treatment. PRT is being tested in clinical tr ... Sources {{reflist Cancer treatments ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protein Synthesis
Protein biosynthesis (or protein synthesis) is a core biological process, occurring inside Cell (biology), cells, homeostasis, balancing the loss of cellular proteins (via Proteolysis, degradation or Protein targeting, export) through the production of new proteins. Proteins perform a number of critical functions as enzymes, structural proteins or hormones. Protein synthesis is a very similar process for both prokaryotes and eukaryotes but there are some distinct differences. Protein synthesis can be divided broadly into two phases - Transcription (biology), transcription and Translation (biology), translation. During transcription, a section of DNA encoding a protein, known as a gene, is converted into a template molecule called messenger RNA (mRNA). This conversion is carried out by enzymes, known as RNA polymerases, in the cell nucleus, nucleus of the cell. In eukaryotes, this mRNA is initially produced in a premature form (Primary transcript, pre-mRNA) which undergoes post-tra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Betaenone ABC Skeletal
Betaenones are phytotoxins found in the fungus ''Pleospora betae''. The compounds were found to inhibit a variety of protein kinases. Members of this class of chemical compounds include: * Betaenone A * Betaenone B * Betaenone C Two further betaenones were found in a species of the fungus '' Microsphaeropsis'', which was isolated from the marine sponge Sponges, the members of the phylum Porifera (; meaning 'pore bearer'), are a basal animal clade as a sister of the diploblasts. They are multicellular organisms that have bodies full of pores and channels allowing water to circulate through th ... '' Aplysina aerophoba''. References {{reflist Decalins Tertiary alcohols Cyclic ketones Hydroxyketones ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tertiary Alcohols
In chemistry, an alcohol is a type of organic compound that carries at least one hydroxyl () functional group bound to a saturated carbon atom. The term ''alcohol'' originally referred to the primary alcohol ethanol (ethyl alcohol), which is used as a drug and is the main alcohol present in alcoholic drinks. An important class of alcohols, of which methanol and ethanol are the simplest examples, includes all compounds which conform to the general formula . Simple monoalcohols that are the subject of this article include primary (), secondary () and tertiary () alcohols. The suffix ''-ol'' appears in the IUPAC chemical name of all substances where the hydroxyl group is the functional group with the highest priority. When a higher priority group is present in the compound, the prefix ''hydroxy-'' is used in its IUPAC name. The suffix ''-ol'' in non-IUPAC names (such as paracetamol or cholesterol) also typically indicates that the substance is an alcohol. However, some compound ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
