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Battle Of Kokkinia
The Battle of Kokkinia was a battle given by Greek People's Liberation Army (ELAS) assisted by the people of Kokkinia against the Nazi occupation forces and the collaborationist Security Battalions. The battle resulted in the Nazi forces withdrawing from the area and staying away from it until August 1944, when the Executions of Kokkinia took place as a retaliation for the Battle of Kokkinia and more generally for the resistance of the working class suburbs of west Attica. The battle In March 1944, during the German occupation of Greece, Kokkinia was attacked by Nazi and collaborationist forces. ELAS and its youth wing, EPON, resisted and after four days of battle they managed to force the German and collaborationist army to retreat. The aid of the local population was crucial. The large majority of the town's people (including men, women and children) contributed to the resistance by taking care of the wounded, searching for bullets that the resistance forces could use or ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nikaia, Attica
Nikaia ( el, Νίκαια, ''Níkaia''), known before 1940 as Kokkinia (, ''Kokkiniá''), is a suburb of Piraeus, in the southwestern part of the Athens Urban Area, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Nikaia-Agios Ioannis Rentis in the Piraeus (regional unit), regional unit of Piraeus, and it is the seat and a municipal unit of the municipality. Geography Nikaia is located north of Piraeus, and west of central Athens. The municipal unit has an area of 6.649 km2. The main streets are Gregoris Lambrakis, Gregori Lambraki Street and Petrou Ralli Street. Transport Nikaia metro station, Nikaia Athens metro, metro station of Line 3 (Athens Metro), line 3 situated on the city. Also served by buses (OSY). History On August 17, 1944, took place the Executions of Kokkinia. It was the largest Nazi roundup and one of the largest-scale war crimes perpetrated during the German occupation of Greece. Nikaia, like many other places around Greece, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Greek People's Liberation Army
Greek may refer to: Greece Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe: *Greeks, an ethnic group. *Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family. **Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor of all known varieties of Greek. **Mycenaean Greek, most ancient attested form of the language (16th to 11th centuries BC). **Ancient Greek, forms of the language used c. 1000–330 BC. **Koine Greek, common form of Greek spoken and written during Classical antiquity. **Medieval Greek or Byzantine Language, language used between the Middle Ages and the Ottoman conquest of Constantinople. **Modern Greek, varieties spoken in the modern era (from 1453 AD). *Greek alphabet, script used to write the Greek language. *Greek Orthodox Church, several Churches of the Eastern Orthodox Church. *Ancient Greece, the ancient civilization before the end of Antiquity. *Old Greek, the language as spoken from Late Antiquity to around 1500 AD. Other uses * '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wehrmacht
The ''Wehrmacht'' (, ) were the unified armed forces of Nazi Germany from 1935 to 1945. It consisted of the ''Heer'' (army), the ''Kriegsmarine'' (navy) and the ''Luftwaffe'' (air force). The designation "''Wehrmacht''" replaced the previously used term and was the manifestation of the Nazi regime's efforts to rearm Germany to a greater extent than the Treaty of Versailles permitted. After the Nazi rise to power in 1933, one of Adolf Hitler's most overt and audacious moves was to establish the ''Wehrmacht'', a modern offensively-capable armed force, fulfilling the Nazi régime's long-term goals of regaining lost territory as well as gaining new territory and dominating its neighbours. This required the reinstatement of conscription and massive investment and defense spending on the arms industry. The ''Wehrmacht'' formed the heart of Germany's politico-military power. In the early part of the Second World War, the ''Wehrmacht'' employed combined arms tactics (close-cover ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hellenic Gendarmerie
The Hellenic Gendarmerie (, ''Elliniki Chorofylaki'') was the national gendarmerie and military police (until 1951) force of Greece. History 19th century The Greek Gendarmerie was established after the enthronement of Otto of Greece, King Otto in 1833 as the Royal Gendarmerie ( el, Βασιλική Χωροφυλακή) and modeled after the France, French National Gendarmerie. It was at that time formally part of the Hellenic Army, army and under the authority of the Army Ministry. Several foreign advisers (particularly from Kingdom of Bavaria, Bavaria, who emphasized elements of centralization and authoritarianism), were also brought in to provide training and tactical advice to the newly formed force. The main task of the Gendarmerie under the army as a whole during this period was firstly to combat the extensive banditry which was endemic in the countryside throughout the 19th century and included kidnappings for ransom, the suppression of local revolts, and the establishmen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Security Battalions
The Security Battalions ( el, Τάγματα Ασφαλείας, Tagmata Asfaleias, derisively known as ''Germanotsoliades'' (Γερμανοτσολιάδες) or ''Tagmatasfalites'' (Ταγματασφαλίτες)) were Greek Collaboration with the Axis Powers, collaborationist military groups, formed during the Axis occupation of Greece during World War II in order to support the German occupation troops. History The Battalions were founded in 1943 by the Hellenic State (1941–44), government of Ioannis Rallis. The Rallis cabinet passed the law raising the Security Battalions on 7 April 1943. The driving force behind raising the Security Battalions was the former dictator, General Theodoros Pangalos (general), Theodoros Pangalos, who saw the Security Battalions as his means of making a political comeback, and most of the Hellenic Army officers recruited into the Security Battalions in April 1943 were republicans who were in some way associated with Pangalos. The National ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Executions Of Kokkinia
The Executions of KokkiniaAlso translated as "Raid of Kokkinia" or "Roundup of Kokkinia" ( el, Μπλόκο της Κοκκινιάς) took place on the August 17, 1944, and was the largest Nazi Germany, Nazi Roundup (history), roundup and one of the largest-scale War crime, war crimes perpetrated during the German occupation of Greece. The operation was carried out by members of the Luftwaffe and Collaborationism, collaborationist Security Battalions, and involved the execution of hundreds of civilians (mostly Greek Resistance, partisans), thousands of hostages being sent to Nazi concentration camps, concentration camps, and the burning down of entire house blocks, as well as significant atrocities. The massacre was partly in retaliation for the Germans' defeat in Battle of Kokkinia five months before, on 4-8 March 1944. The leaders and members of the Security Battalions involved in the killings were never convicted by the Greek state. See also *List of massacres in Greece Books ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haidari
HaidariFor the spelling, see thmunicipal website ( el, Χαϊδάρι, ''Khaidari'') is a suburb in the western part of the Athens agglomeration, west of central Athens. Geography The municipality has an area of 22.655 km2. The geography of the municipality of Haidari is diverse: the eastern part, where the town Haidari is situated, is densely populated and forms a continuous built up area with the inner suburbs of central Athens. The rocky Aigaleo hills run through the central part of the municipality. The pine forest of Dafni and the Daphni Monastery lie on the eastern slopes of Aigaleo. The westernmost part of Haidari is the small industrial port town Skaramagkas, on the Saronic Gulf near Eleusis. The main roads of Haidari are the Greek National Road 8 (the old road from Athens to Corinth) and the Iera odos. History During the Turkish rule Haidari belonged to a certain Haydar Pasha Pasha, Pacha or Paşa ( ota, پاشا; tr, paşa; sq, Pashë; ar, باشا), in o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gestapo
The (), abbreviated Gestapo (; ), was the official secret police of Nazi Germany and in German-occupied Europe. The force was created by Hermann Göring in 1933 by combining the various political police agencies of Prussia into one organisation. On 20 April 1934, oversight of the Gestapo passed to the head of the ''Schutzstaffel'' (SS), Heinrich Himmler, who was also appointed Chief of German Police by Hitler in 1936. Instead of being exclusively a Prussian state agency, the Gestapo became a national one as a sub-office of the (SiPo; Security Police). From 27 September 1939, it was administered by the Reich Security Main Office (RSHA). It became known as (Dept) 4 of the RSHA and was considered a sister organisation to the (SD; Security Service). During World War II, the Gestapo played a key role in the Holocaust. After the war ended, the Gestapo was declared a criminal organisation by the International Military Tribunal (IMT) at the Nuremberg trials. History After Adol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Luftwaffe
The ''Luftwaffe'' () was the aerial-warfare branch of the German ''Wehrmacht'' before and during World War II. Germany's military air arms during World War I, the ''Luftstreitkräfte'' of the Imperial Army and the '' Marine-Fliegerabteilung'' of the Imperial Navy, had been disbanded in May 1920 in accordance with the terms of the 1919 Treaty of Versailles which banned Germany from having any air force. During the interwar period, German pilots were trained secretly in violation of the treaty at Lipetsk Air Base in the Soviet Union. With the rise of the Nazi Party and the repudiation of the Versailles Treaty, the ''Luftwaffe''s existence was publicly acknowledged on 26 February 1935, just over two weeks before open defiance of the Versailles Treaty through German rearmament and conscription would be announced on 16 March. The Condor Legion, a ''Luftwaffe'' detachment sent to aid Nationalist forces in the Spanish Civil War, provided the force with a valuable testing grou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battles And Operations Involving The Greek People's Liberation Army
A battle is an occurrence of combat in warfare between opposing military units of any number or size. A war usually consists of multiple battles. In general, a battle is a military engagement that is well defined in duration, area, and force commitment. An engagement with only limited commitment between the forces and without decisive results is sometimes called a skirmish. The word "battle" can also be used infrequently to refer to an entire operational campaign, although this usage greatly diverges from its conventional or customary meaning. Generally, the word "battle" is used for such campaigns if referring to a protracted combat encounter in which either one or both of the combatants had the same methods, resources, and strategic objectives throughout the encounter. Some prominent examples of this would be the Battle of the Atlantic, Battle of Britain, and Battle of Stalingrad, all in World War II. Wars and military campaigns are guided by military strategy, whereas ba ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
