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Boulevard Soult
The Boulevard Soult is a boulevard in the Bel-Air neighborhood in the 12th arrondissement of Paris, France. It is one of the Boulevards of the Marshals that run in the outer parts of the city. Description The boulevard Soult runs from avenue Daumesnil at to Porte de Vincennes, where it is continued by boulevard Davout. Boulevard Soult was accessible through the Petite Ceinture bus line. It can now be reached through the tramway Line 3 (Porte de Vincennes, Alexandra David-Néel, Montempoivre, Porte Dorée stations), the Métro Line 1 ( Porte Dorée station), as well as RATP bus lines 29, 46, 56, 86 and 351. History The French war department had completed the Thiers wallincluding fortifications, a dry moat, a ''Rue Militaire'' and a large bermaround 1840. In 1859, the military engineering service gave conditional control to the Paris city council. The expansion of the land area of Paris in 1860, by annexing bordering communities, created a situation where everything wi ...
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Porte De Montempoivre
Porte may refer to: *Sublime Porte, the central government of the Ottoman empire *Porte, Piedmont, a municipality in the Piedmont region of Italy *John Cyril Porte, British/Irish aviator *Richie Porte, Australian professional cyclist who competes for Team BMC *Toyota Porte, an automobile See also *Port (other) *Portes (other) Portes may refer to: Places France *Antheuil-Portes, in the Oise ''department'' *Les Portes-en-Ré, in the Charente-Maritime ''département'' * Portes-en-Valdaine, in the Drôme ''département'' *Portes, Eure, in the Eure ''département'' * Por ...
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Porte Dorée (Paris Métro)
Porte Doree may refer to: * Palais de la Porte Dorée The Palais de la Porte Dorée is an exhibit hall located on the edge of the Bois de Vincennes at 293, avenue Daumesnil, 12th arrondissement of Paris, France. It now houses the Musée de l'Histoire de l'Immigration, as well as a tropical aquarium ..., an exhibit hall located on the edge of the Bois de Vincennes at 293, avenue Daumesnil, XIIe arrondissement, Paris * Porte Dorée (Paris Métro), a station on line 8 of the Paris Métro {{disambiguation ...
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Porte De Saint-Mandé
Porte may refer to: *Sublime Porte, the central government of the Ottoman empire *Porte, Piedmont, a municipality in the Piedmont region of Italy *John Cyril Porte, British/Irish aviator *Richie Porte, Australian professional cyclist who competes for Team BMC *Toyota Porte, an automobile See also *Port (other) A port is a facility for receiving ships and transferring cargo. Port or PORT may also refer to: Transportation * Airport, for air transport * Spaceport, for space vehicles * Gun port, an opening in the side of the hull of a ship, above the w ... * Portes (other) {{disambiguation, surname ...
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Rural Flight
Rural flight (or rural exodus) is the migratory pattern of peoples from rural areas into urban areas. It is urbanization seen from the rural perspective. In industrializing economies like Britain in the eighteenth century or East Asia in the twentieth century, it can occur following the industrialization of primary industries such as agriculture, mining, fishing, and forestry—when fewer people are needed to bring the same amount of output to market—and related secondary industries (refining and processing) are consolidated. Rural exodus can also follow an ecological or human-caused catastrophe such as a famine or resource depletion. These are examples of push factors. The same phenomenon can also be brought about simply because of higher wages and educational access available in urban areas; examples of pull factors. Once rural populations fall below a critical mass, the population is too small to support certain businesses, which then also leave or close, in a v ...
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La Zone (Paris)
La Zone is a music venue for alternative and underground music in Liège, Belgium . It's located in Outremeuse, the island in the middle of Liège and is hosting a wide variety of musical bands from everywhere in the world, as well as theatre, exhibitions, workshops. With a mere capacity of 200, ''La Zone'' has been more and more successful throughout its existence and has now acquired a firmly established reputation for good fun and good discoveries in music thanks to the low entry prices which are offered. The facility offers a wide range of musical styles from hardcore punk to ethno jazz. In fact, ''La Zone'' is only responsible for 1/5 of the annual 60 gigs, as the rest is programmed by outside collectives, making La Zone a place of public interest which can be used by any alternative collective looking for a venue for its gigs. La Zone has become the regular headquarters of a number of different associations, most of which have different means of promotion. It also distribu ...
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HBM (housing)
HBM may refer to: Science and technology * ''HBM'' (gene), a human gene * High Bandwidth Memory, a computer memory standard * Health belief model * Hierarchical Bayes model * Human-body model (HBM) in the realm of electrostatic discharge (ESD). Other uses * Havelock-Belmont-Methuen, a township in Peterborough County, Ontario, Canada * HBM Healthcare Investments, a Swiss venture capital and investment firm * His or Her Britannic Majesty * '' Hitman: Blood Money'', a video game * Hudbay, a Canadian mining company * Hummingbird Medal, a state decoration of Trinidad and Tobago * , the predecessor of the French HLM An habitation à loyer modéré (HLM, , ), is a form of low-income housing in France, Algeria, Senegal, and Quebec. It may be public or private, with rent subsidies. HLMs constitute 16% of all housing in France.
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Napoleon I
Napoleon Bonaparte ; it, Napoleone Bonaparte, ; co, Napulione Buonaparte. (born Napoleone Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French military commander and political leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led successful campaigns during the Revolutionary Wars. He was the ''de facto'' leader of the French Republic as First Consul from 1799 to 1804, then Emperor of the French from 1804 until 1814 and again in 1815. Napoleon's political and cultural legacy endures to this day, as a highly celebrated and controversial leader. He initiated many liberal reforms that have persisted in society, and is considered one of the greatest military commanders in history. His wars and campaigns are studied by militaries all over the world. Between three and six million civilians and soldiers perished in what became known as the Napoleonic Wars. Napoleon was born on the island of Corsica, not long af ...
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First French Empire
The First French Empire, officially the French Republic, then the French Empire (; Latin: ) after 1809, also known as Napoleonic France, was the empire ruled by Napoleon Bonaparte, who established French hegemony over much of continental Europe at the beginning of the 19th century. It lasted from 18 May 1804 to 11 April 1814 and again briefly from 20 March 1815 to 7 July 1815. Although France had already established a colonial empire overseas since the early 17th century, the French state had remained a kingdom under the Bourbons and a republic after the French Revolution. Historians refer to Napoleon's regime as the ''First Empire'' to distinguish it from the restorationist ''Second Empire'' (1852–1870) ruled by his nephew Napoleon III. The First French Empire is considered by some to be a " Republican empire." On 18 May 1804, Napoleon was granted the title Emperor of the French (', ) by the French and was crowned on 2 December 1804, signifying the end of the French ...
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Marshal Of The Empire
Marshal of the Empire (french: Maréchal d'Empire) was a civil dignity during the First French Empire. It was created by ''Sénatus-consulte'' on 18 May 1804 and to a large extent reinstated the formerly abolished title of Marshal of France. According to the ''Sénatus-consulte'', a Marshal was a grand officer of the Empire, entitled to a high-standing position at the Court and to the presidency of an electoral college. Although in theory reserved "to the most distinguished generals", in practice Emperor Napoleon I granted the title according to his own wishes and convictions and made at least a few controversial choices. Although not a military rank, a Marshal displayed four silver stars, while the top military rank, General of Division, displayed three stars. Furthermore, the Marshalate quickly became the prestigious sign of the supreme military attainment and it became customary that the most significant commands be given to a Marshal. Each Marshal held his own coat of arms, ...
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Dictionnaire Historique Des Rues De Paris
''Dictionnaire historique des rues de Paris'' (''Historical Dictionary of the Streets of Paris'') is a book by Jacques Hillairet, a historian specializing in the history of Paris. It includes 5344 streets in two volumes and 2343 illustrations. It was first published in 1960 by éditions de Minuit and was regularly re-published and updated from 1963 onwards. His sources included ''Dictionnaire administratif et historique des rues de Paris et de ses monuments The ''Dictionnaire administratif et historique des rues de Paris et de ses monuments'' is a dictionary of the public streets, monuments and buildings of Paris Paris () is the Capital city, capital and List of communes in France with over ...'' by Louis and Félix Lazare (first edition, 1844) and ''Histoire de Paris rue par rue, maison par maison'' by Charles Lefeuve (issued from 1863). Hillairet died in 1984 and the work is now written and edited by Pascal Payen-Appenzeller, who wrote the eleventh edition in 2004 ...
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Jacques Hillairet
Auguste André Coussillan (31 July 1886 – 15 April 1984) was a French historian specialising in the history of Paris. Under the pen-name Jacques Hillairet he wrote two major reference works on the subject in the 1950s - ''Connaissance du vieux Paris'' and ''Dictionnaire historique des rues de Paris''. Works * ''Évocation du vieux Paris. Vieux Quartiers, vieilles rues, vieilles demeures, historique, vestiges, annales et anecdotes'', 3 vol., Minuit, 1951-1954 : Le Paris du Moyen Âge et de la Renaissance. Le Cœur de Paris Les Faubourgs Les Villages de Paris * ''Saint-Germain l'Auxerrois, église collégiale royale et paroissiale, l'église, la paroisse, le quartier'', avec Maurice Baurit, Minuit, 1955 * ''Le Palais du Louvre, sa vie, ses grands souvenirs historiques'', Minuit, 1955 ; 1961 * ''Connaissance du vieux Paris'', Le Club français du livre, 1956 ; 3 vol., Gonthier, 1963 ; Le Club français du livre, 1965 à 1976 ; Éditions Princesse, 1978 ; Payot/Rivages, 1993 ; R ...
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Jean-de-Dieu Soult
Marshal General Jean-de-Dieu Soult, 1st Duke of Dalmatia, (; 29 March 1769 – 26 November 1851) was a French general and statesman, named Marshal of the Empire in 1804 and often called Marshal Soult. Soult was one of only six officers in French history to receive the distinction of Marshal General of France. The Duke also served three times as President of the Council of Ministers, or Prime Minister of France. Soult played a key role as a corps commander in many of Napoleon's campaigns, most notably at Austerlitz, where his corps delivered the decisive attack that won the battle. Later, Soult's intrigues in the Peninsular War while occupying Portugal earned him the nickname, "King Nicolas", and while he was Napoleon's military governor of Andalusia, Soult looted 1.5 million francs worth of art. One historian called him "a plunderer in the world class." He was defeated in his last offensives in Spain in the Battle of the Pyrenees (Sorauren) and by Freire's Spaniards at San ...
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