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Black Bamboo
''Phyllostachys nigra'', commonly known as black bamboo or purple bamboo ( zh, 紫竹), is a species of bamboo, native to Hunan Province of China, and is widely cultivated elsewhere. Growing up to tall by broad, it forms clumps of slender arching canes which turn black after two or three seasons. The abundant lance-shaped leaves are long. Numerous forms and cultivars are available for garden use. The species and the form ''P. nigra'' f. ''henonis'' have both gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit. The form ''henonis'' is also known as Henon bamboo and as cultivar 'Henon'. Uses It is used for lumber (timber), food, and musical instruments, among other things, in areas of China where it is native and also worldwide. Phytochemistry A 2008 study from Zhejiang University, in China, isolated several flavone C-glycosides on black bamboo leaves, including orientin, homoorientin, vitexin and isovitexin Isovitexin (or homovitexin, saponaretin) is a flavo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bambouseraie De Prafrance
The Bambouseraie de Prafrance (34 hectares, 84 acres) is a private botanical garden specializing in bamboos, located in Générargues, near Anduze, Gard, Languedoc-Roussillon, France. It is open daily in the warmer months; an admission fee is charged. The garden contains one of Europe's oldest bamboo collections, established in 1856 by amateur botanist Eugène Mazel (1828-1890), who had made his fortune in the spice trade, and who continued to build the collection until he encountered financial problems in 1890. Although the garden subsequently changed ownership several times, it has continued to be a showcase for bamboos, and today contains around 300 bamboo species and cultivars, as well as other plantings of Asiatic shrubs and trees, ''Ginkgo biloba'', Metasequoia, sequoia, ''Trachycarpus fortunei'', a replica of a Laos, Laotian village, and some 5 km of water canals. Bamboo collections * Miniature bamboos (10–15 cm.) - ''Pleioblastus distichus'', ''Pleioblastus f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Award Of Garden Merit
The Award of Garden Merit (AGM) is a long-established annual award for plants by the British Royal Horticultural Society (RHS). It is based on assessment of the plants' performance under UK growing conditions. History The Award of Garden Merit is a mark of quality awarded, since 1922, to garden plants (including trees, vegetables and decorative plants) by the United Kingdom, Royal Horticultural Society (RHS). Awards are made annually after plant trials intended to judge the plants' performance under UK growing conditions. Trials may last for one or more years, depending on the type of plant being analyzed, and may be performed at Royal Horticulture Society Garden in Wisley and other gardens or after observation of plants in specialist collections. Trial reports are made available as booklets and on the website. Awards are reviewed annually in case plants have become unavailable horticulturally, or have been superseded by better cultivars. Similar awards The award should not be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grasses Of China
Poaceae () or Gramineae () is a large and nearly ubiquitous family of monocotyledonous flowering plants commonly known as grasses. It includes the cereal grasses, bamboos and the grasses of natural grassland and species cultivated in lawns and pasture. The latter are commonly referred to collectively as grass. With around 780 genera and around 12,000 species, the Poaceae is the fifth-largest plant family, following the Asteraceae, Orchidaceae, Fabaceae and Rubiaceae. The Poaceae are the most economically important plant family, providing staple foods from domesticated cereal crops such as maize, wheat, rice, barley, and millet as well as feed for meat-producing animals. They provide, through direct human consumption, just over one-half (51%) of all dietary energy; rice provides 20%, wheat supplies 20%, maize (corn) 5.5%, and other grains 6%. Some members of the Poaceae are used as building materials (bamboo, thatch, and straw); others can provide a source of biofuel, primaril ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flora Of Hunan
Flora is all the plant life present in a particular region or time, generally the naturally occurring (indigenous) native plants. Sometimes bacteria and fungi are also referred to as flora, as in the terms ''gut flora'' or '' skin flora''. Etymology The word "flora" comes from the Latin name of Flora, the goddess of plants, flowers, and fertility in Roman mythology. The technical term "flora" is then derived from a metonymy of this goddess at the end of the sixteenth century. It was first used in poetry to denote the natural vegetation of an area, but soon also assumed the meaning of a work cataloguing such vegetation. Moreover, "Flora" was used to refer to the flowers of an artificial garden in the seventeenth century. The distinction between vegetation (the general appearance of a community) and flora (the taxonomic composition of a community) was first made by Jules Thurmann (1849). Prior to this, the two terms were used indiscriminately.Thurmann, J. (1849). ''Essai de Phy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Endemic Flora Of China
Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsewhere. For example, the Cape sugarbird is found exclusively in southwestern South Africa and is therefore said to be ''endemic'' to that particular part of the world. An endemic species can be also be referred to as an ''endemism'' or in scientific literature as an ''endemite''. For example '' Cytisus aeolicus'' is an endemite of the Italian flora. '' Adzharia renschi'' was once believed to be an endemite of the Caucasus, but it was later discovered to be a non-indigenous species from South America belonging to a different genus. The extreme opposite of an endemic species is one with a cosmopolitan distribution, having a global or widespread range. A rare alternative term for a species that is endemic is "precinctive", which applies to s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phyllostachys
''Phyllostachys'' () is a genus of Asian bamboo in the grass family. Many of the species are found in central and southern China, with a few species in northern Indochina and in the Himalayas. Some of the species have become naturalized in parts of Asia, Australia, the Americas, and southern Europe. The stem or culm has a prominent groove, called a sulcus, that runs along the length of each segment (or internode). Because of this, it is one of the most easily identifiable genera of bamboo. Most of the species spread aggressively by underground rhizomes. Being pioneer plants, phyllostachys species will not spread quickly or achieve mature height without access to direct sunlight throughout most of the day. Some species of ''Phyllostachys'' grow to 100 ft (30 m) tall in optimum conditions. Some of the larger species, sometimes known as "timber bamboo", are used as construction timber and for making furniture. Several species are cultivated as ornamental plants, though th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isovitexin
Isovitexin (or homovitexin, saponaretin) is a flavone. the apigenin-6-''C''-glucoside. In this case, the prefix 'iso' does not imply an isoflavonoid (the position of the B-ring on the C-ring), but the position of the glucoside on the flavone. Natural occurrence It can be found in the passion flower, Cannabis, oat and the açaí palm."Pharmacological studies of Passiflora sp. and their bioactive compounds" Metabolism * Isovitexin beta-glucosyltransferase Glycosides Saponarin is the isovitexin-7-O-glucoside. See also * Vitexin, the 8-C-glucoside of apigenin * Isoorientin, the 3'-OH derivative References {{flavone Flavone glucosides C-glycoside natural phenols ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vitexin
Vitexin is an apigenin flavone glucoside, a chemical compound found in the passion flower, ''Vitex agnus-castus'' (chaste tree or chasteberry), in the ''Phyllostachys nigra'' bamboo leaves, in the pearl millet (Pennisetum millet), and in Hawthorn. Metabolism Goitrogenicity of millet flavones : Vitexin inhibits thyroid peroxidase thus contributing to goiter. * Vitexin beta-glucosyltransferase * Vitexin 2"-O-rhamnoside 7-O-methyltransferase See also * Isovitexin (or homovitexin, saponaretin) is the apigenin-6-''C''-glucoside. * Orientin Orientin is a flavone, a chemical flavonoid-like compound. It is the 8-C glucoside of luteolin. Natural occurrences Orientin is found in ''Adonis vernalis'', in '' Anadenanthera colubrina'' and ''Anadenanthera peregrina'', and in the '' Phyllost ..., the 3'-OH derivative References External links Vitexin on RDchemicals.com {{flavone Flavone glucosides C-glycoside natural phenols ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Homoorientin
Isoorientin (or homoorientin) is a flavone, a chemical flavonoid-like compound. It is the luteolin-6-C-glucoside. Bioassay-directed fractionation techniques led to isolation of isoorientin as the main hypoglycaemic component in ''Gentiana olivieri''. Studies also showed that isoorientin is a potential neuroprotective compound against Alzheimer's disease. Natural occurrences Isoorientin can be isolated from the passion flower, ''Vitex negundo'', ''Terminalia myriocarpa'', the Açaí palm and '' Swertia japonica''. Metabolism * Isoorientin 3'-O-methyltransferase See also * Orientin, the 8-C glucoside of luteolin Luteolin is a flavone, a type of flavonoid, with a yellow crystalline appearance. Luteolin is the principal yellow dye compound that is obtained from the plant ''Reseda luteola'', which has been used as a source of the dye since at least the fir .... References Flavone glucosides C-glycoside natural phenols {{aromatic-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Orientin
Orientin is a flavone, a chemical flavonoid-like compound. It is the 8-C glucoside of luteolin. Natural occurrences Orientin is found in ''Adonis vernalis'', in ''Anadenanthera colubrina'' and ''Anadenanthera peregrina'', and in the ''Phyllostachys nigra'' bamboo leaves ; In food Orientin is also reported in the passion flower, the Açaí palm, buckwheat sprouts, and in millets. Identification in Natural Plants The identification of orientin has been reported widely. Its identification using mass spectrometry is established Welch, C., Zhen, J., Bassène, E., Raskin, I., Simon, J.E. and Wu, Q., 2017. Bioactive polyphenols in kinkéliba tea (Combretum micranthum) and their glucose-lowering activities. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis. See also Isoorientin Isoorientin (or homoorientin) is a flavone, a chemical flavonoid-like compound. It is the luteolin-6-C-glucoside. Bioassay-directed fractionation techniques led to isolation of isoorientin as the main hypoglycaemic comp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
C-glycoside
In chemistry, a glycoside is a molecule in which a sugar is bound to another functional group via a glycosidic bond. Glycosides play numerous important roles in living organisms. Many plants store chemicals in the form of inactive glycosides. These can be activated by enzyme hydrolysis, which causes the sugar part to be broken off, making the chemical available for use. Many such plant glycosides are used as medications. Several species of ''Heliconius'' butterfly are capable of incorporating these plant compounds as a form of chemical defense against predators. In animals and humans, poisons are often bound to sugar molecules as part of their elimination from the body. In formal terms, a glycoside is any molecule in which a sugar group is bonded through its anomeric carbon to another group via a glycosidic bond. Glycosides can be linked by an O- (an ''O-glycoside''), N- (a ''glycosylamine''), S-(a ''thioglycoside''), or C- (a '' C-glycoside'') glycosidic bond. According to the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flavones
Flavones (from Latin ''flavus'' "yellow") are a class of flavonoids based on the backbone of 2-phenylchromen-4-one (2-phenyl-1-benzopyran-4-one) (as shown in the first image of this article). Flavones are common in foods, mainly from spices, and some yellow or orange fruits and vegetables. Common flavones include apigenin (4',5,7-trihydroxyflavone), luteolin (3',4',5,7-tetrahydroxyflavone), tangeritin (4',5,6,7,8-pentamethoxyflavone), chrysin (5,7-dihydroxyflavone), and 6-hydroxyflavone. Intake and elimination The estimated daily intake of flavones is about 2 mg per day. Following ingestion and metabolism, flavones, other polyphenols, and their metabolites are absorbed poorly in body organs and are rapidly excreted in the urine, indicating mechanisms influencing their presumed absence of metabolic roles in the body. Drug interactions Flavones have effects on CYP (P450) activity, which are enzymes that metabolize most drugs in the body. Biosynthesis The biosynthesis of f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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