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Battle Of Campaldino
The Battle of Campaldino was a battle between the Guelphs and Ghibellines on 11 June 1289. Mixed bands of pro-papal Guelf forces of Florence and allies, Pistoia, Lucca, Siena, and Prato, all loosely commanded by the paid ''condottiero'' Amerigo di Narbona with his own professional following, met a Ghibelline force from Arezzo including the perhaps reluctant bishop, Guglielmino degli Ubertini, in the plain of Campaldino, which leads from Pratovecchio to Poppi, part of the Tuscan countryside along the upper Arno called the Casentino. One of the combatants on the Guelph side was Dante Alighieri, twenty-four years old at the time. Background Later, in the mid-14th century, Giovanni Villani recorded the long-remembered details— as Florentines remembered them— in his chronicle, though the ''casus belli'' he offers are merely conventional "outrages" on the part of Arezzo; the elaborately staged raid and fight led by aristocrats on both sides sounds like stylized gang warfare, though c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Romagna
Romagna ( rgn, Rumâgna) is an Italian historical region that approximately corresponds to the south-eastern portion of present-day Emilia-Romagna, North Italy. Traditionally, it is limited by the Apennines to the south-west, the Adriatic to the east, and the rivers Reno and Sillaro to the north and west. The region's major cities include Cesena, Faenza, Forlì, Imola, Ravenna, Rimini and City of San Marino (San Marino is a landlocked state inside the Romagna historical region). The region has been recently formally expanded with the transfer from the Marche region of nine comuni where the Romagnol language is spoken (Casteldelci, Maiolo, Novafeltria, Pennabilli, San Leo, Sant'Agata Feltria, Talamello, Montecopiolo, Sassofeltrio). Etymology The name ''Romagna'' originates from the Latin name ''Romania'', which originally was the generic name for "land inhabited by Romans", and first appeared on Latin documents in the 5th century. It later took on the more specific meaning of " ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Condottiero
''Condottieri'' (; singular ''condottiero'' or ''condottiere'') were Italian captains in command of mercenary companies during the Middle Ages and of multinational armies during the early modern period. They notably served popes and other European monarchs during the Italian Wars of the Renaissance and the European Wars of Religion. Notable ''condottieri'' include Prospero Colonna, Giovanni dalle Bande Nere, Cesare Borgia, the Marquis of Pescara, Andrea Doria, and the Duke of Parma. The term ''condottiero'' in medieval Italian originally meant "contractor" since the ''condotta'' was the contract by which the condottieri put themselves in the service of a city or of a lord. The term, however, became a synonym of "military leader" during the Renaissance and Reformation era. Some authors have described the legendary Alberto da Giussano as the "first condottiero" and Napoleon Bonaparte (in virtue of his Italian origins) as the "last condottiero". According to this view, the condott ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prato
Prato ( , ) is a city and ''comune'' in Tuscany, Italy, the capital of the Province of Prato. The city lies in the north east of Tuscany, at the foot of Monte Retaia, elevation , the last peak in the Calvana chain. With more than 200,000 inhabitants, Prato is Tuscany's second largest city (after Florence) and the third largest in Central Italy (after Rome and Florence). Historically, Prato's economy has been based on the textile industry and its district is the largest in Europe. The textile district of Prato is made up of about 7000 fashion companies, obtaining around 2 billion euros from exports. The renowned Datini archives are a significant collection of late medieval documents concerning economic and trade history, produced between 1363 and 1410. The city boasts important historical and artistic attractions, with a cultural span that started with the Etruscans and then expanded in the Middle Ages and reached its peak with the Renaissance, when artists such as Donatell ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guelf
The Guelphs and Ghibellines (, , ; it, guelfi e ghibellini ) were factions supporting the Pope and the Holy Roman Emperor, respectively, in the Italian city-states of Central Italy and Northern Italy. During the 12th and 13th centuries, rivalry between these two parties formed a particularly important aspect of the internal politics of medieval Italy. The struggle for power between the Papacy and the Holy Roman Empire arose with the Investiture Controversy, which began in 1075, and ended with the Concordat of Worms in 1122. History Origins The Guelph vs Ghibelline conflict initially arose from the division caused by the Investiture Controversy, about whether secular rulers or the pope had the authority to appoint bishops and abbots. Upon the death of Emperor Henry V, of the Salian dynasty, the dukes elected an opponent of his dynasty, Lothair III, as the new emperor. This displeased the Hohenstaufen, who were allied with and related to the old dynasty. Out of fear of the Ho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Speculum (journal)
''Speculum: A Journal of Medieval Studies'' is a quarterly academic journal published by University of Chicago Press on behalf of the Medieval Academy of America. Established in 1926 by Edward Kennard Rand, it is widely regarded as the most prestigious journal in medieval studies. The journal's primary focus is on the time period from 500 to 1500 in Western Europe, but also on related subjects such as Byzantine, Hebrew, Arabic, Armenian and Slavic studies. , the editor is Katherine L. Jansen. The organization and its journal were first proposed in 1921 at a meeting of the Modern Language Association, and the journal's focus was interdisciplinary from its beginning, with one reviewer noting a specific interest in Medieval Latin Medieval Latin was the form of Literary Latin used in Roman Catholic Western Europe during the Middle Ages. In this region it served as the primary written language, though local languages were also written to varying degrees. Latin functioned .... R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guido Novello Guidi
Guido is a given name Latinised from the Old High German name Wido. It originated in Medieval Italy. Guido later became a male first name in Austria, Germany, the Low Countries, Scandinavia, Spain, Portugal, Latin America and Switzerland. The meaning of the name is debated, with various sources indicating the Germanic "Wido" means "wood" and others connecting the Italian form "Guido" to the latinate root for "guide". The slang term ''Guido'' is used in American culture to refer derogatorily to an urban working-class Italian or Italian-American male who is overly aggressive or macho with a tendency for certain conspicuous behavior. It may also be used as a more general ethnic slur for working-class urban Italian Americans. People Given name ;Medieval times *Guido of Acqui (–1070), bishop of Acqui, Italy * Guido of Anderlecht (–1012), Belgian saint *Guido of Arezzo (–after 1033), Italian music theorist *Guido da Velate, (died 1071) bishop of Milan *Guido Bonatti (died ), Ita ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bonconte I Da Montefeltro
Bonconte I da Montefeltro (Urbino, 1250– Piana di Campaldino, 11 June 1289) was an Italian Ghibelline general. He led Ghibelline forces in several engagements until his battlefield death. Dante Alighieri featured Montefeltro as a character in the ''Divine Comedy''. Life Bonconte was born in 1250 to Ghibelline leader Montefeltrano I da Montefeltro and was the illegitimate brother of Federico I da Montefeltro. He had a wife, Giovanna, and a daughter, Manentissa. Bonconte helped remove the Guelphs from Arezzo in June 1287 with the Ghibellines and in 1288 he was in command of the Aretines. While in command of the Aretines, Bonconte defeated the Guelphs of Siena at the Battle of Pieve al Toppo. In 1289, Bonconte became the captain of the Aretines when he led them into battle with, and were defeated by, the Guelphs of Florence. The Aretines were ultimately defeated by the Guelphs of Florence in the Battle of Campaldino and that was where, in 1289, Bonconte was killed. Bonconte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barone De Mangiadori
Barone may refer to: * Barone (surname) *Pizzo Barone, a mountain in the Swiss Alps *Baron, a title of nobility *Metamizole, by the trade name A trade name, trading name, or business name, is a pseudonym used by companies that do not operate under their registered company name. The term for this type of alternative name is a "fictitious" business name. Registering the fictitious name w ... ''Barone'' * Bar One, sometimes spelt BarOne, a brand of South African chocolate. * BARON.E, Swiss musical pop duo {{Disambiguation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vieri De' Cerchi
The Florentine banking family of the Cerchi, minor nobles of the Valdarno, with a seat especially at Acone near Pontassieve, settled in Florence in the early thirteenth century and increased their fortunes. The family became the heads of a consortium of the prominent Guelfs that securely controlled Florence after the battle of Benevento in 1266. In Florence, the Cerchi purchased some of the ancient structures in the closely packed inner city formerly belonging to the counts Guidi, cheek-by-jowl with the proud Florentine family of the Donati, with whom their growing mutual antagonism was expressed in violent episodes that polarized Florence within a couple of decades in a virtual civil war that aligned behind two captains, Corso Donati of the ''Neri'' Guelf faction— the "Black" Guelfs of the old noble oligarchy— and Vieri de' Cerchi of the ''Bianchi'', the moderate party that represented itself as champions of working people (the ''magri''). The resulting violence lasted, wit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Corso Donati
Corso Donati was a leader of the Black Guelph faction in 13th- and early 14th- century Florence. Bologna and Pistoia In the late thirteenth century, power in Florence and the other Tuscan cities was divided between the Podestà, an outsider who served as chief magistrate, and the guildmasters. Corso served as Podestà of Bologna in 1283 and 1288, and of Pistoia in 1289. In 1289, as captain of the people in Pistoia, he led a group of soldiers in a cavalry charge at the Battle of Campaldino, in which the Guelphs defeated the Ghibellines and cemented their control over Florence. Leader of the Black Guelphs In 1293, the merchants of Florence, led by Giano della Bella, prevented the nobility from taking the office of guildmaster. Corso led the noble faction which aligned with the working class against the merchants. In 1294 Corso was acquitted of killing a man in a fight; an angry mob came to della Bella seeking justice after the acquittal, but he sent them away whereupon they rioted a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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