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Autism In France
The history of autism in France is marked by the strong influence of psychoanalysis, and by the persistence of institutionalization practices that violate the fundamental rights of autistic people. According to estimates at the end of 2016, 0.7 to 1% of the French population has an Autism spectrum, autism spectrum disorder, most of which is undiagnosed, leading to varying degrees of disability. Before the first intervention and medical definition initiatives, autistic people – often likened to idiots or, in the image of Victor of Aveyron, "wild children" – were probably very marginalized and victims of serious violence. The first steps were taken in the 1950s, notably by Professor Roger Misès, who set up day hospitals and devised the French classification of mental disorders in children and adolescents (CFTMEA – ''classification française des troubles mentaux de l'enfant et de l'adolescent''). Interest in autism grew following the publication of Bruno Bettelheim's ''The E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United Nations
The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and international security, security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and be a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations. It is the world's largest and most familiar international organization. The UN is headquarters of the United Nations, headquartered on extraterritoriality, international territory in New York City, and has other main offices in United Nations Office at Geneva, Geneva, United Nations Office at Nairobi, Nairobi, United Nations Office at Vienna, Vienna, and Peace Palace, The Hague (home to the International Court of Justice). The UN was established after World War II with Dumbarton Oaks Conference, the aim of preventing future world wars, succeeding the League of Nations, which was characterized as ineffective. On 25 April 1945, 50 governments met in San Francisco for United Nations Conference ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neuroleptics
Antipsychotics, also known as neuroleptics, are a class of psychotropic medication primarily used to manage psychosis (including delusions, hallucinations, paranoia or disordered thought), principally in schizophrenia but also in a range of other psychotic disorders. They are also the mainstay together with mood stabilizers in the treatment of bipolar disorder. Prior research has shown that use of any antipsychotic is associated with smaller brain tissue volumes, including white matter reduction and that this brain shrinkage is dose dependent and time dependent. A more recent controlled trial suggests that second generation antipsychotics combined with intensive psychosocial therapy may potentially prevent pallidal brain volume loss in first episode psychosis. The use of antipsychotics may result in many unwanted side effects such as involuntary movement disorders, gynecomastia, impotence, weight gain and metabolic syndrome. Long-term use can produce adverse effects such ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Insult
An insult is an expression or statement (or sometimes behavior) which is disrespectful or scornful. Insults may be intentional or accidental. An insult may be factual, but at the same time pejorative, such as the word "inbred". Jocular exchange Lacan considered insults a primary form of social interaction, central to the imaginary order – "a situation that is symbolized in the 'Yah-boo, so are you' of the transitivist quarrel, the original form of aggressive communication". Erving Goffman points out that every "crack or remark set up the possibility of a counter-riposte, topper, or squelch, that is, a comeback". He cites the example of possible interchanges at a dance in a school gym: Backhanded compliments A backhanded (or left-handed) compliment, or asteism, is an insult that is disguised as, or accompanied by, a compliment, especially in situations where the belittling or condescension is intentional. Examples of backhanded compliments include, but are not lim ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Autism Rights Movement
The autism spectrum, often referred to as just autism or in the context of a professional diagnosis autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or autism spectrum condition (ASC), is a neurodevelopmental condition (or conditions) characterized by difficulties in social interaction, verbal and nonverbal communication, and the presence of repetitive behavior and restricted interests. Other common signs include unusual responses to sensory stimuli. Autism is generally understood as a ''spectrum disorder'', which means that it can manifest differently in each person: any given autistic individual is likely to show some, but not all, of the characteristics associated with it, and the person may exhibit them to varying degrees. Some autistic people remain nonspeaking over the course of their lifespan, while others have relatively unimpaired spoken language. There is large variation in the level of support people require, and the same person may present differently at varying times. Historically, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cognitivism (psychology)
In psychology, cognitivism is a theoretical framework for understanding the mind that gained credence in the 1950s. The movement was a response to behaviorism, which cognitivists said neglected to explain cognition. Cognitive psychology derived its name from the Latin ''cognoscere'', referring to knowing and information, thus cognitive psychology is an information-processing psychology derived in part from earlier traditions of the investigation of thought and problem solving. Behaviorists acknowledged the existence of thinking but identified it as a behavior. Cognitivists argued that the way people think impacts their behavior and therefore cannot be a behavior in and of itself. Cognitivists later argued that thinking is so essential to psychology that the study of thinking should become its own field. However, cognitivists typically presuppose a specific form of mental activity, of the kind advanced by computationalism. Cognitivism has more recently been challenged by postcog ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a psycho-social intervention that aims to reduce symptoms of various mental health conditions, primarily depression and anxiety disorders. CBT focuses on challenging and changing cognitive distortions (such as thoughts, beliefs, and attitudes) and their associated behaviors to improve emotional regulation and develop personal coping strategies that target solving current problems. Though it was originally designed to treat depression, its uses have been expanded to include the treatment of many mental health conditions, including anxiety, substance use disorders, marital problems, and eating disorders. CBT includes a number of cognitive or behavioral psychotherapies that treat defined psychopathologies using evidence-based techniques and strategies. CBT is a common form of talk therapy based on the combination of the basic principles from behavioral and cognitive psychology. It is different from historical approaches to psychotherapy, s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Controversies In Autism
Diagnoses of autism have become more frequent since the 1980s, which has led to various controversies about both the cause of autism and the nature of the diagnoses themselves. Whether autism has mainly a genetic or developmental cause, and the degree of coincidence between autism and intellectual disability, are all matters of current scientific controversy as well as inquiry. There is also more sociopolitical debate as to whether autism should be considered a disability on its own. Epidemiology The current accepted prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are around 1%, although previous research has shown far lower rates of incidence. ASD averages a 4.3:1 male-to-female ratio. The number of children on the autism spectrum has increased dramatically since the 1980s, at least partly due to changes in diagnostic practice; it is unclear whether prevalence has actually increased; and as-yet-unidentified environmental risk factors cannot be ruled out. The risk of autism is a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neurodiversity
Neurodiversity refers to diversity in the human brain and cognition, for instance in sociability, learning, attention, mood and other mental functions. It was coined in 1998 by sociologist Judy Singer, who helped popularize the concept along with journalist Harvey Blume, and situates human cognitive variation in the context of biodiversity and the politics of minority groups. This view arose out of the autism rights movement, as a challenge to prevailing views that certain things currently classified as neurodevelopmental disorders are inherently pathological. It builds on the social model of disability, in which disability arises out of societal barriers interacting with individual differences, rather than people being disabled simply as a result of having impairments. Some neurodiversity advocates and researchers, notably Judy Singer and Patrick Dwyer, argue that the neurodiversity paradigm is the middle ground between strong medical model and strong social model. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Josef Schovanec
Josef Schovanec (born in Charenton-le-Pont Charenton-le-Pont () is a Communes of France, commune in the southeastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the Kilometre Zero, centre of Paris, to the north of the confluence of the Seine and Marne (river), Marne rivers; the () pa ... on 2 December 1981), is a French philosopher, writer, translator and autistic activist. He was born into a family of Czech immigrants. He has doctorates in philosophy and social sciences, both from the School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences. He is a polyglot, and the author of several books, including his autobiography ''Je suis à l'Est!''. He has been giving talks on autism in France since 2007, becoming one of the leading autism figures in the country. References 1981 births 21st-century French writers Living people People from Charenton-le-Pont Autism activists French activists French people of Czech descent French writers with disabilities Writers wit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Francis Perrin (actor)
Francis Pierre Horton Perrin (born 10 October 1947) is a French actor, screenwriter and director. Career He enter the Comédie-Française in 1972, but left the following year. He headed the Théâtre Montansier (Versailles), Théâtre Montansier in his birthplace from 1992 to 2000. In 2001, he was made Officier de l'ordre national du Mérite, in 2007 Légion d'honneur, Officier de la Légion d'honneur and in 2016, Ordre des Arts et des Lettres, Officier des Arts et Lettres. Theater Filmography Actor Filmmaker References External links * Francis Perrin on AlloCiné Living people 1947 births French film directors French male screenwriters French screenwriters People from Versailles Officiers of the Légion d'honneur Troupe of the Comédie-Française French male stage actors French male film actors French male television actors 20th-century French male actors 21st-century French male actors Officers of the Order of Cultural Merit (Monaco) {{France-actor-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Olivia Cattan
Olivia Cattan (born 1967) is a journalist and author. She is also a campaigner. Cattan is president of "SOS autisme France" and honorary president of the campaigning feminist organisation, "Paroles de femmes" (''"Women's Words"'') which she established. Life Olivia Cattan was born in Paris. She attended a bilingual school and studied piano at the École Normale de Musique de Paris, École Normale de Musique de Paris (music conservatory) and at other institutions. She embarked on a career as lyricist-composer and formed a group with :fr:Mathieu Chédid, Mathieu Chédid. Her own musical career was cut short by a motor-bike accident, however. She studied Journalism and Art History at the École du Louvre and launched herself as a journalist, focusing increasingly on certain themes: art and culture, societal issues, women's rights, disability and religion. She wrote for :fr:Tribune juive (France), Tribune juive and also contributed regularly to France-Soir, Paris-Match, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
