|
Actinorhizal
Actinorhizal plants are a group of angiosperms characterized by their ability to form a symbiosis with the nitrogen fixing actinomycetota ''Frankia''. This association leads to the formation of nitrogen-fixing root nodules. Classification Actinorhizal plants are dicotyledons distributed among three angiosperm orders, 8 families and 25 genera: These three orders form a single clade within the Rosids, which is a sister taxon to the other major nitrogen-fixing order, the Fabales. All actinorhizal species are trees or shrubs, except for the genus ''Datisca''. Many are common plants in temperate regions like alder, bayberry, sweetfern, Avens, mountain misery and ''Coriaria''. Some ''Elaeagnus'' species and Sea-buckthorns produce edible fruit. In tropical regions, ''Casuarinas'' are widely cultivated. Distribution and ecology Actinorhizal plants are found on all continents except for Antarctica. Their ability to form nitrogen-fixing nodules confers a selective advantage in poor soil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frankia
''Frankia'' is a genus of nitrogen-fixing bacteria that live in symbiosis with actinorhizal plants, similar to the ''Rhizobium'' bacteria found in the root nodules of legumes in the family Fabaceae. ''Frankia'' also initiate the forming of root nodules. This genus was originally named by Jørgen Brunchorst, in 1886 to honor the German biologist Albert Bernhard Frank. Brunchorst considered the organism he had identified to be a filamentous fungus. redefined the genus in 1970 as containing prokaryotic actinomycetes and created the family Frankiaceae within the Actinomycetales. He retained the original name of ''Frankia'' for the genus. Overview Most ''Frankia'' strains are specific to different plant species. The bacteria are filamentous and convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia via the enzyme nitrogenase, a process known as nitrogen fixation. They do this while living in root nodules on actinorhizal plants. The bacteria can supply most or all of the nitrogen requirement ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nitrogen Fixing
Nitrogen fixation is a chemical process by which molecular nitrogen (), with a strong triple covalent bond, in the Atmosphere of Earth, air is converted into ammonia () or related nitrogenous compounds, typically in soil or aquatic systems but also Abiological nitrogen fixation, in industry. Atmospheric nitrogen is molecular Nitrogen#Allotropes, dinitrogen, a relatively nonreactive molecule that is Metabolism, metabolically useless to all but a few microorganisms. Biological nitrogen fixation or ''diazotrophy'' is an important microbials mediated process that converts dinitrogen (N2) gas to ammonia (NH3) using the nitrogenase protein complex (Nif). Nitrogen fixation is essential to life because fixed inorganic nitrogen compounds are required for the biosynthesis of all nitrogen-containing organic compounds, such as amino acids and proteins, nucleoside triphosphates and nucleic acids. As part of the nitrogen cycle, it is essential for agriculture and the manufacture of fertilizer. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Datisca
The Datiscaceae are a family of dicotyledonous plants, containing two species of the genus ''Datisca''. Two other genera, ''Octomeles'' and ''Tetrameles'', are now classified in the family Tetramelaceae. Datiscaceae are large herbaceous plants, with alternate and pinnate leaves. They are actinorhizal plants, that host nitrogen-fixing bacteria in their roots, and are the only ones that are non-woody, although non-actinorrhizal plants also fix nitrogen, such as the legumes. Species The genus ''Datisca'' contains two or three species; two from Asia and one from North America. The species ''Datisca cannabina'' is found in Crete and Turkey, and closely related ''Datisca nepalensis'' is found in the Himalayas, and is sometimes included in ''D. cannabina''. It grows to about 2.0 m tall, and in May to August it produces small greenish-yellow flowers. This species is strictly dioecious, with male and female flowers on different plants. It is grown for ornamental foliage and can be use ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Datiscaceae
The Datiscaceae are a family of dicotyledonous plants, containing two species of the genus ''Datisca''. Two other genera, ''Octomeles'' and ''Tetrameles'', are now classified in the family Tetramelaceae. Datiscaceae are large herbaceous plants, with alternate and pinnate leaves. They are actinorhizal plants, that host nitrogen-fixing bacteria in their roots, and are the only ones that are non-woody, although non-actinorrhizal plants also fix nitrogen, such as the legumes. Species The genus ''Datisca'' contains two or three species; two from Asia and one from North America. The species ''Datisca cannabina'' is found in Crete and Turkey, and closely related ''Datisca nepalensis'' is found in the Himalayas, and is sometimes included in ''D. cannabina''. It grows to about 2.0 m tall, and in May to August it produces small greenish-yellow flowers. This species is strictly dioecious, with male and female flowers on different plants. It is grown for ornamental foliage and can be use ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Casuarinaceae
The Casuarinaceae are a family of dicotyledonous flowering plants placed in the order Fagales, consisting of four genera and 91 species of trees and shrubs native to eastern Africa, Australia, Southeast Asia, Malesia, Papuasia, and the Pacific Islands. At one time, all species were placed in the genus ''Casuarina''. Lawrence Alexander Sidney Johnson separated out many of those species and renamed them into the new genera of ''Gymnostoma'' in 1980 and 1982, ''Allocasuarina'' in 1982, and ''Ceuthostoma'' in 1988, with some additional formal descriptions of new species in each other genus. At the time, it was somewhat controversial. The monophyly of these genera was later supported in a 2003 genetics study of the family. In the Wettstein system, this family was the only one placed in the order Verticillatae. Likewise, in the Engler, Cronquist, and Kubitzki systems, the Casuarinaceae were the only family placed in the order Casuarinales. Members of this family are characterized ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Angiosperms
Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. The term "angiosperm" is derived from the Greek words ('container, vessel') and ('seed'), and refers to those plants that produce their seeds enclosed within a fruit. They are by far the most diverse group of land plants with 64 orders, 416 families, approximately 13,000 known genera and 300,000 known species. Angiosperms were formerly called Magnoliophyta (). Like gymnosperms, angiosperms are seed-producing plants. They are distinguished from gymnosperms by characteristics including flowers, endosperm within their seeds, and the production of fruits that contain the seeds. The ancestors of flowering plants diverged from the common ancestor of all living gymnosperms before the end of the Carboniferous, over 300 million years ago. The closest fossil relatives of flowering plants are uncertain and contentious. The earliest angiosperm fossils are in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Myricaceae
The Myricaceae are a small family of dicotyledonous shrubs and small trees in the order Fagales. There are three genera in the family, although some botanists separate many species from ''Myrica'' into a fourth genus ''Morella''. About 55 species are usually accepted in ''Myrica'' (with ''Morella'' included), one in ''Canacomyrica'', and one in '' Comptonia''. Well-known members of this family include bayberry and sweetfern. * ''Canacomyrica'' Guillaumin 1940 * '' Comptonia'' L'Hér. ex Aiton 1789 * ''Myrica ''Myrica'' is a genus of about 35–50 species of small trees and shrubs in the family Myricaceae, order Fagales. The genus has a wide distribution, including Africa, Asia, Europe, North America and South America, and missing only from Austral ...'' L. 1753 (includes: ''Morella (plant), Morella'' Lour. 1790) Systematics Modern molecular phylogenetics suggest the following relationships: References Myricaceae, Rosid families {{Fagales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Casuarina
''Casuarina'' is a genus of 17 tree species in the family Casuarinaceae, native to Australia, the Indian subcontinent, southeast Asia, islands of the western Pacific Ocean, and eastern Africa. It was once treated as the sole genus in the family, but has since been split into four genera (see: Casuarinaceae).Flora of Australia''Casuarina''/ref> They are evergreen shrubs and trees growing to tall. The slender, green to grey-green twigs bearing minute scale-leaves in whorls of 5–20. The apetalous flowers are produced in small catkin-like inflorescences. Most species are dioecious, but a few are monoecious. The fruit is a woody, oval structure superficially resembling a conifer cone, made up of numerous carpels, each containing a single seed with a small wing. The generic name is derived from the Malay word for the cassowary, ''kasuari'', alluding to the similarities between the bird's feathers and the plant's foliage, though the tree is called ''ru'' in Modern Malay. Kare ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ceuthostoma
''Ceuthostoma'' is a genus of two species of trees, constituting part of the plant family Casuarinaceae. They grow naturally only in Malesia, in the islands of Palawan, Borneo, Halmahera and New Guinea. Species * ''Ceuthostoma palawanense'' – ( known only (endemic) from the islands of Palawan in the SW Philippines, stretching towards Borneo) * ''Ceuthostoma terminale ''Ceuthostoma'' is a genus of two species of trees, constituting part of the plant family Casuarinaceae. They grow naturally only in Malesia, in the islands of Palawan, Borneo, Halmahera and New Guinea. Species * ''Ceuthostoma palawanense ...'' – (Borneo, Halmahera and New Guinea) Notes Fagales genera {{Fagales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gymnostoma
''Gymnostoma'' is a genus of about eighteen species of trees and shrubs, constituting one of the four genera of the plant family Casuarinaceae. The species grow naturally in the tropics, including at high altitudes having temperate climates, in forests in the region of the western Pacific ocean and Malesia. In New Caledonia, published botanical science describes eight species found growing naturally, which botanists have not found anywhere else (endemics). Additional species have been found across Burma, Sumatra, Borneo, the Philippines, Sulawesi, Ambon Island, the Moluccas, New Guinea, the Bismarck Archipelago, the Solomon Islands, and one endemic species each in Fiji and the Wet Tropics of Queensland, Australia. The genus was first scientifically described by Lawrie A. S. Johnson in 1980. Many of the ''Gymnostoma'' species combinations of names ( binomials) were described by him in 1982. , a global total of eighteen species have been found and described. The majority of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Myrica
''Myrica'' is a genus of about 35–50 species of small trees and shrubs in the family Myricaceae, order Fagales. The genus has a wide distribution, including Africa, Asia, Europe, North America and South America, and missing only from Australia. Some botanists split the genus into two genera on the basis of the catkin and fruit structure, restricting ''Myrica'' to a few species, and treating the others in ''Morella''.Valérie Huguet, Manolo Gouy, Philippe Normand, Jeff F. Zimpfer, and Maria P. Fernandez. 2005. "Molecular phylogeny of Myricaceae: a reexamination of host-symbiont specificity". ''Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution'' 34(3):557–568. Common names include bayberry, bay-rum tree, candleberry, sweet gale, and wax-myrtle. The generic name was derived from the Greek word μυρίκη (''myrike''), meaning "fragrance". Characteristics The species vary from 1m shrubs up to 20m trees; some are deciduous, but the majority of species are evergreen. The roots have nit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Comptonia (plant)
''Comptonia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Myricaceae, native to parts of eastern North America. It has one extant (living) species, ''Comptonia peregrina'', and a number of extinct species. Taxonomy The living species was first described, as ''Liquidambar peregrina'', by Carl Linnaeus in 1753, in the second volume of ''Species Plantarum''. Further on in the same volume, he described ''Myrica aspleniifolia'' as a different species (with the epithet spelt ''asplenifolia''). In 1763, he changed his mind concerning ''Myrica aspleniifolia'', and it became ''Liquidambar aspleniifolia'', and so in the same genus as ''Liquidambar peregrina''. In 1789, Charles Louis L'Héritier placed Linnaeus's original ''Myrica aspleniifolia'' in his new genus ''Comptonia''. The genus is named in honor of Rev. Henry Compton (1632-1713), bishop of Oxford. In 1894, John M. Coulter transferred Linnaeus's ''Liquidambar peregrina'' to ''Comptonia'', and treated Linnaeus's ''Myrica aspl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
.JPG "Click for more on -> Angiosperms")
