Whiteness And The Literary Imagination
Whiteness may refer to: * Dental shade scale of teeth * Light skin * Whiteness (colorimetry), the degree to which a surface is white * Whiteness, Shetland, a place in Scotland * Conceptual studies of "Unified Cultural Identity of White People" (Whiteness theory): ** Whiteness studies, an interdisciplinary academic field, exploring the identity of whiteness ** Definitions of whiteness in the United States The legal and social strictures that define white Americans, and distinguish them from persons who are not considered white by the government and society, have varied throughout the history of the United States. Background By the 18th century, "wh ...

Teeth
A tooth ( : teeth) is a hard, calcified structure found in the jaws (or mouths) of many vertebrates and used to break down food. Some animals, particularly carnivores and omnivores, also use teeth to help with capturing or wounding prey, tearing food, for defensive purposes, to intimidate other animals often including their own, or to carry prey or their young. The roots of teeth are covered by gums. Teeth are not made of bone, but rather of multiple tissues of varying density and hardness that originate from the embryonic germ layer, the ectoderm. The general structure of teeth is similar across the vertebrates, although there is considerable variation in their form and position. The teeth of mammals have deep roots, and this pattern is also found in some fish, and in crocodilians. In most teleost fish, however, the teeth are attached to the outer surface of the bone, while in lizards they are attached to the inner surface of the jaw by one side. In cartilaginous fish, s ...
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Light Skin
Light skin is a human skin color that has a base level of eumelanin pigmentation that has adapted to environments of low UV radiation. Light skin is most commonly found amongst the native populations of Europe and East Asia as measured through skin reflectance. People with light skin pigmentation are often referred to as "white" or "fair", although these usages can be ambiguous in some countries where they are used to refer specifically to certain ethnic groups or populations. As populations migrated away from the tropics into areas of low UV radiation, they developed light skin pigmentation as an evolutionary selection acting against vitamin D depletion. Humans with light skin pigmentation have skin with low amounts of eumelanin, and possess fewer melanosomes than humans with dark skin pigmentation. Light skin provides better absorption qualities of ultraviolet radiation. This helps the body to synthesize higher amounts of vitamin D for bodily processes such as calcium develop ...
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Whiteness (colorimetry)
In colorimetry, whiteness is the degree to which a surface is white. An example of its use might be to quantitatively compare two pieces of paper which appear white viewed individually, but not when juxtaposed. The International Commission on Illumination describes it in the following terms: Calculation W_2=Y_2+800(x_-x_2)+1700(y_-y_2) W_=Y_+800(x_-x_)+1700(y_-y_) T_=1000(x_-x_2)-650(y_-y_2) T_=900(x_-x_)-650(y_-y_) where * Y is the Y tristimulus value (relative luminance), * (x,y) is the chromaticity coordinate in the CIE 1931 color space * (x_n,y_n) is the chromaticity coordinate of the perfect diffuser (reference white) The numbers in the subscript indicate the observer: two for the CIE 1931 standard observer and ten for the CIE 1964 standard observer. Notes * W increases with whiteness, reaching 100 for the perfect diffuser. * The tint is green for positive T and red for negative T. * Equal differences in W may not appear equally different. See also * Color temper ...
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Whiteness, Shetland
Whiteness ( non, Hvitanes, white headland) is a village in Tingwall parish, Shetland Islands, Scotland, on Mainland. It is also an ancient civil parish that was merged with Tingwall in 1891. The village lies seven miles north north west of Lerwick. The parish is now merged with Tingwall. The village has a Methodist Methodism, also called the Methodist movement, is a group of historically related denominations of Protestant Christianity whose origins, doctrine and practice derive from the life and teachings of John Wesley. George Whitefield and John's b ... church located in South Whiteness and Whiteness Primary School faces Whitedale F.C.'s Football Pitch, Strom. The Whiteness hall is directly next to the primary school. References This article incorporates text from - Wilson, Rev. John ''The Gazetteer of Scotland'' (Edinburgh, 1882) Published by W. & A.K. Johnstone External links Roll of Honour - Whiteness and Weisdale War Memorial Villages in Mainland, Shetland Pa ...
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White People
White is a racialized classification of people and a skin color specifier, generally used for people of European origin, although the definition can vary depending on context, nationality, and point of view. Description of populations as "White" in reference to their skin color predates this notion and is occasionally found in Greco-Roman ethnography and other ancient or medieval sources, but these societies did not have any notion of a White or pan-European race. The term "White race" or "White people", defined by their light skin among other physical characteristics, entered the major European languages in the later seventeenth century, when the concept of a "unified White" achieve universal acceptance in Europe, in the context of racialized slavery and unequal social status in the European colonies. Scholarship on race distinguishes the modern concept from pre-modern descriptions, which focused on physical complexion rather than race. Prior to the modern era, no Europe ...
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Whiteness Theory
Whiteness theory is a field under Whiteness studies, that studies what White identity means in terms of social, political, racial, economic, culture, etc. Whiteness Theory also looks at how Whiteness is centric in society and culture, and in creating a potential blindness to privileges associated with White identity that excludes and harms the racial other. Whiteness theory is an offshoot of critical race theory that sees race as a social construct. It posits that practice of Whiteness are visible systems of whiteness that white people use to maintain power to benefit only white people. Critical Whiteness Theory positions Whiteness as the default of North American and European cultures, and as a result of this default, majority of white people are allegedly blind to the advantages and disadvantages of being White due to the dominant cultural and social processes created through the ongoing and historical performativity of whiteness. Stemming from the lack of cultural awareness, hu ...
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Whiteness Studies
Whiteness studies is the study of the structures that produce white privilege, the examination of what whiteness is when analyzed as a race, a culture, and a source of systemic racism, and the exploration of other social phenomena generated by the societal compositions, perceptions and group behaviors of white people. It is an interdisciplinary arena of inquiry that has developed beginning in the United States from white trash studies and critical race studies, particularly since the late 20th century. It is focused on what proponents describe as the cultural, historical and sociological aspects of people identified as white, and the social construction of "whiteness" as an ideology tied to social status. Pioneers in the field include W. E. B. Du Bois ("Jefferson Davis as a Representative of Civilization", 1890; '' Darkwater'', 1920), James Baldwin (''The Fire Next Time'', 1963), Theodore W. Allen (''The Invention of the White Race,'' 1976, expanded in 1995), Ruth Frankenberg (''W ...
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