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Original Edition
Originality is the aspect of created or invented works that distinguish them from reproductions, clones, forgeries, or substantially derivative works. The modern idea of originality is according to some scholars tied to Romanticism, by a notion that is often called romantic originality.Smith (1924)Waterhouse (1926)Macfarlane (2007) The validity of "originality" as an operational concept has been questioned. For example, there is no clear boundary between "derivative" and "inspired by" or "in the tradition of." The concept of originality is both culturally and historically contingent. For example, unattributed reiteration of a published text in one culture might be considered plagiarism but in another culture might be regarded as a convention of veneration. At the time of Shakespeare, it was more common to appreciate the similarity with an admired classical work, and Shakespeare himself avoided "unnecessary invention".Royal Shakespeare Company (2007) ''The RSC Shakespeare - Wil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Replica
A 1:1 replica is an exact copy of an object, made out of the same raw materials, whether a molecule, a work of art, or a commercial product. The term is also used for copies that closely resemble the original, without claiming to be identical. Also has the same weight and size as original. Replicas have been sometimes sold as originals, a type of fraud. Most replicas have more innocent purposes. Fragile originals need protection, while the public can examine a replica in a museum. Replicas are often manufactured and sold as souvenirs. An inverted replica complements the original by filling its gaps. Sometimes the original never existed. It is logically impossible for there to be a replica of something that never existed. Replicas and reproductions can be related to any form of licensing an image for others to use, whether it is through photos, postcards, prints, miniature or full size copies they represent a resemblance of the original object. Not all incorrectly attributed it ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inventive Step And Non-obviousness
The inventive step and non-obviousness reflect a general patentability requirement present in most patent laws, according to which an invention should be sufficiently inventive—i.e., non-obvious—in order to be patented. In other words, " henonobviousness principle asks whether the invention is an adequate distance beyond or above the state of the art". The expression "inventive step" is predominantly used in Europe, while the expression "non-obviousness" is predominantly used in United States patent law. The expression "inventiveness" is sometimes used as well. Although the basic principle is roughly the same, the assessment of the inventive step and non-obviousness varies from one country to another. For instance, the practice of the European Patent Office (EPO) differs from the practice in the United Kingdom. Rationale The purpose of the inventive step, or non-obviousness, requirement is to avoid granting patents for inventions which only follow from "normal product desi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bridgeman Art Library V
In the context of a copyright discussion, Bridgeman refers to Bridgeman Art Library v. Corel Corp. Bridgeman often refers to the Bridgeman Art Library. Bridgeman is also a surname ee also Bridgman">Bridgman.html" ;"title="ee also Bridgman">ee also Bridgman and may refer to the following people: A *Alexander Bridgeman, Viscount Newport C *Charles Bridgeman E *Edward Bridgeman F *Francis Bridgeman (Royal Navy officer) *Francis Bridgeman (British Army officer) *Sir Francis Bridgeman, 3rd Baronet G * Geoffrey Bridgeman *George Bridgman *George Bridgeman, 2nd Earl of Bradford *George Bridgeman, 4th Earl of Bradford * Gerald Bridgeman, 6th Earl of Bradford H * Harriet Bridgeman *Harry A. Bridgeman (1877-1955), American politician and railroad locomotive engineer *Henry Bridgeman, 1st Baron Bradford * Henry Bridgeman, British Army officer J * John Bridgeman (bishop) * John Bridgeman (sculptor) * Sir John Bridgeman, 2nd Baronet *Sir John Bridgeman, 3rd Baronet *Junior Bridgeman ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sweat Of The Brow
Sweat of the brow is an intellectual property law doctrine that is chiefly related to copyright law. According to this doctrine, an author gains rights through simple diligence during the creation of a work, such as a database, or a directory. Substantial creativity or "originality" is not required. Under a "sweat of the brow" doctrine, the creator of a work, even if it is completely unoriginal, is entitled to have that effort and expense protected; no one else may use such a work without permission, but must instead recreate the work by independent research or effort. The classic example is a telephone directory. In a "sweat of the brow" jurisdiction, such a directory may not be copied, but instead a competitor must independently collect the information to issue a competing directory. The same rule generally applies to databases and lists of facts. According to the Databases Directive 96/9/EC, member states of the EU are obliged to confer protection known as the database righ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Feist Publications, Inc
Feist may refer to: * Feist (dog), a small hunting dog * ''Feist'' (video game), an action video game for PlayStation 4, Linux, OS X, Windows, and Xbox One * ''Feist Publications, Inc., v. Rural Telephone Service Co.'' (also ''Feist''), a decision by the Supreme Court of the United States People * Feist (singer) (born 1976), Canadian indie pop singer-songwriter and guitarist * Felix E. Feist (1910–1965), American film and television director and writer * Gene Feist (1923–2014), American playwright, theater director and co-founder of the Roundabout Theater Company * Gregory J. Feist (born 1961), American psychologist * Leo Feist (1869–1930), publisher of popular American music * Margot Honecker (; 1927–2016), East German politician * Mathias Feist (born 1961), ChessBase and Fritz programmer * Rainer Feist (1945–2007), officer in the German Navy * Raymond E. Feist (born 1945), American fantasy fiction author * Sigmund Feist Sigmund Feist (Mainz, 12 June 1865 - Copenha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Supreme Court Of The United States
The Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS) is the highest court in the federal judiciary of the United States. It has ultimate appellate jurisdiction over all U.S. federal court cases, and over state court cases that involve a point of federal law. It also has original jurisdiction over a narrow range of cases, specifically "all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, and those in which a State shall be Party." The court holds the power of judicial review, the ability to invalidate a statute for violating a provision of the Constitution. It is also able to strike down presidential directives for violating either the Constitution or statutory law. However, it may act only within the context of a case in an area of law over which it has jurisdiction. The court may decide cases having political overtones, but has ruled that it does not have power to decide non-justiciable political questions. Established by Article Three of the United States ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
TRIPS Agreement
The Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) is an international legal agreement between all the member nations of the World Trade Organization (WTO). It establishes minimum standards for the regulation by national governments of different forms of intellectual property (IP) as applied to nationals of other WTO member nations. TRIPS was negotiated at the end of the Uruguay Round of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) between 1989 and 1990 and is administered by the WTO. The TRIPS agreement introduced intellectual property law into the multilateral trading system for the first time and remains the most comprehensive multilateral agreement on intellectual property to date. In 2001, developing countries, concerned that developed countries were insisting on an overly narrow reading of TRIPS, initiated a round of talks that resulted in the Doha Declaration. The Doha declaration is a WTO statement that clarifies the scope of TRIPS, stat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Berne Convention
The Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, usually known as the Berne Convention, was an international assembly held in 1886 in the Swiss city of Bern by ten European countries with the goal to agree on a set of legal principles for the protection of original work. They drafted and adopted a multi-party contract containing agreements for a uniform, crossing border system that became known under the same name. Its rules have been updated many times since then. The treaty provides authors, musicians, poets, painters, and other creators with the means to control how their works are used, by whom, and on what terms. In some jurisdictions these type of rights are being referred to as copyright. The United States became a party in 1989. As of November 2022, the Berne Convention has been ratified by 181 states out of 195 countries in the world, most of which are also parties to the Paris Act of 1971. The Berne Convention introduced the concept that prote ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Threshold Of Originality
Threshold may refer to: Architecture * Threshold (door), the sill of a door Media * ''Threshold'' (1981 film) * ''Threshold'' (TV series), an American science fiction drama series produced during 2005-2006 * "Threshold" (''Stargate SG-1''), an episode of the TV series * "Threshold" (''Star Trek: Voyager''), an episode of the TV series * Threshold Entertainment, a Hollywood Intellectual Property Management and Production Company * Threshold Podcast, a podcast focused on long-form reporting of climate justice topics Literature * ''Threshold'' (1990 novel), a science fiction novel by Chris and Janet Morris * ''Threshold'' (Sara Douglass novel), a fantasy novel * ''Threshold'' (Palmer novel), a science fiction novel by David R. Palmer * ''Threshold'', the first volume of the collected short fiction of Roger Zelazny * ''Threshold'' (DC Comics), a comic book published by DC Comics * Threshold (''Doctor Who''), an organization in ''Doctor Who'' comic strips * ''Threshold'', a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Copyright Law Of The United States
The copyright law of the United States grants monopoly protection for "original works of authorship". With the stated purpose to promote art and culture, copyright law assigns a set of exclusive rights to authors: to make and sell copies of their works, to create derivative works, and to perform or display their works publicly. These exclusive rights are subject to a time limit, and generally expire 70 years after the author's death or 95 years after publication. In the United States, works published before January 1, , are in the public domain. United States copyright law was last generally revised by the Copyright Act of 1976, codified in Title 17 of the United States Code. The United States Constitution explicitly grants Congress the power to create copyright law under Article 1, Section 8, Clause 8, known as the Copyright Clause.Stanford Fair Use and Copyright Center. U.S. Constitution. http://fairuse.stanford.edu/law/us-constitution/ . Retrieved December 3, 2015. Under the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Derived Work
In copyright law, a derivative work is an expressive creation that includes major copyrightable elements of an original, previously created first work (the underlying work). The derivative work becomes a second, separate work independent in form from the first. The transformation, modification or adaptation of the work must be substantial and bear its author's personality sufficiently to be original and thus protected by copyright. Translations, cinematic adaptations and musical arrangements are common types of derivative works. Most countries' legal systems seek to protect both original and derivative works. They grant authors the right to impede or otherwise control their integrity and the author's commercial interests. Derivative works and their authors benefit in turn from the full protection of copyright without prejudicing the rights of the original work's author. Definition Berne The Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, an internationa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Feist V
Feist may refer to: * Feist (dog), a small hunting dog * ''Feist'' (video game), an action video game for PlayStation 4, Linux, OS X, Windows, and Xbox One * ''Feist Publications, Inc., v. Rural Telephone Service Co.'' (also ''Feist''), a decision by the Supreme Court of the United States People * Feist (singer) (born 1976), Canadian indie pop singer-songwriter and guitarist * Felix E. Feist (1910–1965), American film and television director and writer * Gene Feist (1923–2014), American playwright, theater director and co-founder of the Roundabout Theater Company * Gregory J. Feist (born 1961), American psychologist * Leo Feist (1869–1930), publisher of popular American music * Margot Honecker (; 1927–2016), East German politician * Mathias Feist (born 1961), ChessBase and Fritz programmer * Rainer Feist (1945–2007), officer in the German Navy * Raymond E. Feist (born 1945), American fantasy fiction author * Sigmund Feist Sigmund Feist (Mainz, 12 June 1865 - Copenha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
