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Organophosphine
Organophosphines are organophosphorus compounds with the formula PR''n''H3−''n'', where R is an organic substituent. These compounds can be classified according to the value of ''n'': primary phosphines (''n'' = 1), secondary phosphines (''n'' = 2), tertiary phosphines (''n'' = 3). All adopt pyramidal structures. Organophosphines are generally colorless, lipophilic liquids or solids. The parent of the organophosphines is phosphine (PH3). Annette Schier and Hubert Schmidbaur"P-Donor Ligands" in Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry 2006, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. 1° vs 2° vs 3° phosphines Organophophines are classified according to the number of organic substituents. Primary phosphines Primary (1°) phosphines, with the formula RPH2, are typically prepared by alkylation of phosphine. Simple alkyl derivatives such as methylphosphine (CH3PH2) are prepared by alkylation of alkali metal derivatives MPH2 (M is lithium, Li, sodium, Na, or potassium, K). A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Organophosphorus Compound
Organophosphorus compounds are organic compounds containing phosphorus. They are used primarily in pest control as an alternative to chlorinated hydrocarbons that persist in the environment. Some organophosphorus compounds are highly effective insecticides, although some are extremely toxic to humans, including sarin and VX nerve agents. Organophosphorus chemistry is the corresponding science of the properties and reactivity of organophosphorus compounds. Phosphorus, like nitrogen, is in group 15 of the periodic table, and thus phosphorus compounds and nitrogen compounds have many similar properties. The definition of organophosphorus compounds is variable, which can lead to confusion. In industrial and environmental chemistry, an organophosphorus compound need contain only an organic substituent, but need not have a direct phosphorus-carbon (P-C) bond. Thus a large proportion of pesticides (e.g., malathion), are often included in this class of compounds. Phosphorus can adopt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phosphorus Trichloride
Phosphorus trichloride is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula PCl3. A colorless liquid when pure, it is an important industrial chemical, being used for the manufacture of phosphites and other organophosphorus compounds. It is toxic and reacts readily with water to release hydrogen chloride. History Phosphorus trichloride was first prepared in 1808 by the French chemists Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac and Louis Jacques Thénard by heating calomel (Hg2Cl2) with phosphorus. Later during the same year, the English chemist Humphry Davy produced phosphorus trichloride by burning phosphorus in chlorine gas. Preparation World production exceeds one-third of a million tonnes. Phosphorus trichloride is prepared industrially by the reaction of chlorine with white phosphorus, using phosphorus trichloride as the solvent. In this continuous process PCl3 is removed as it is formed in order to avoid the formation of PCl5. :P4 + 6 Cl2 → 4 PCl3 Structure and spectroscopy It has a trig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phosphine Umpolung
Phosphine (IUPAC name: phosphane) is a colorless, flammable, highly toxic compound with the chemical formula , classed as a pnictogen hydride. Pure phosphine is odorless, but technical grade samples have a highly unpleasant odor like rotting fish, due to the presence of substituted phosphine and diphosphane (). With traces of present, is spontaneously flammable in air (pyrophoric), burning with a luminous flame. Phosphine is a highly toxic respiratory poison, and is immediately dangerous to life or health at 50 ppm. Phosphine has a trigonal pyramidal structure. Phosphines are compounds that include and the organophosphines, which are derived from by substituting one or more hydrogen atoms with organic groups. They have the general formula . Phosphanes are saturated phosphorus hydrides of the form , such as triphosphane. Phosphine, PH3, is the smallest of the phosphines and the smallest of the phosphanes. History Philippe Gengembre (1764–1838), a student of Lavoisier, f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phosphinane
Phosphinane is the organophosphorus compound with the formula (CH2)5PH. This colorless liquid is the parent member of a family of six-membered, saturated rings containing phosphorus. These compounds are mainly of academic interest. The ring adopts a flexible cyclohexane-like chair conformation. Phosphinane can be prepared via the Arbuzov reaction of triethylphosphite and 1,5-dibromopentane followed by cyclization and reduction steps. Phosphinane can also be prepared by reduction of 1-chlorophosphinane, which in turn is obtained by the reaction of 1-phenylphosphinane and phosphorus trichloride Phosphorus trichloride is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula PCl3. A colorless liquid when pure, it is an important industrial chemical, being used for the manufacture of phosphites and other organophosphorus compounds. It is toxic a ....{{cite journal, title=Zur Spaltung tertiärer Phosphine. II, author=K. Sommer, journal=Zeitschrift für Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phosphole
Phosphole is the organic compound with the chemical formula ; it is the phosphorus analog of pyrrole. The term phosphole also refers to substituted derivatives of the parent heterocycle. These compounds are of theoretical interest but also serve as ligands for transition metals and as precursors to more complex organophosphorus compounds. Triphosphole, , is a heterocycle with 3 phosphorus atoms. Pentaphosphole, , is a cyclic compound with 5 phosphorus atoms. Structure and bonding Unlike the related 5-membered heterocycles pyrrole, thiophene, and furan, the aromaticity of phospholes is diminished, reflecting the reluctance of phosphorus to delocalize its lone pair. The main indication of this difference is the pyramidalization of phosphorus. The absence of aromaticity is also indicated by the reactivity of phospholes. Phospholes undergo different cycloaddition reactions; coordination properties of phospholes are also well studied. Preparation The parent phosphole was first descr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phospholane
Phospholane is the organophosphorus compound with the formula (CH2)4PH. This colorless liquid is the parent member of a family of five-membered, saturated rings containing phosphorus. Although phospholane itself is only of minor academic interest, the class of C- and P-substituted phospholanes are valued ligands in asymmetric hydrogenation and related areas of homogeneous catalysis. Phospholane is prepared by reduction of 1-chlorophospholane, which in turn is obtained by the reaction of 1-phenylphospholane and phosphorus trichloride Phosphorus trichloride is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula PCl3. A colorless liquid when pure, it is an important industrial chemical, being used for the manufacture of phosphites and other organophosphorus compounds. It is toxic a .... {{clear References Phosphorus heterocycles Five-membered rings ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phosphirene
Phosphirene is the hypothetical organophosphorus compound with the formula C2H2PH. As the simplest cyclic, unsaturated organophosphorus compound, phosphirene is the prototype of a family of related compounds that have attracted attention from researchers. Phosphirenes, that is substituted phosphirene compounds where one or more of the H's are replaced by organic substituents, are far more commonly discussed than the parent phosphirene. The first example of a phosphirene, 1,2,3-triphenylphosphirene was prepared via trapping of the phosphinidine complex Mo(CO)5PPh with diphenylacetylene Diphenylacetylene is the chemical compound C6H5C≡CC6H5. The molecule consists of two phenyl groups attached to a C2 unit. A colorless solid, it is used as a building block in organic synthesis and as a ligand in organometallic chemistry. Prep .... Placement of the double bond between the carbon atoms provides a 1Hphosphirene in which the phosphorus center is bonded to two carbon atoms and a hy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phosphirane
Phosphirane is the organophosphorus compound with the formula C2H4PH. It is a colorless gas of no commercial value. As the simplest cyclic, saturated organophosphorus compound, phosphirane is the prototype of a family of related compounds that have attracted attention from the research community. Phosphirane was first prepared by reaction of 1,2-dichloroethane with the conjugate base of phosphine Phosphine (IUPAC name: phosphane) is a colorless, flammable, highly toxic compound with the chemical formula , classed as a pnictogen hydride. Pure phosphine is odorless, but technical grade samples have a highly unpleasant odor like rotting .... Phosphiranes, that is substituted phosphirene compounds where one or more of the H's are replaced organic substituents, are far more commonly discussed than the parent phosphirane. References * {{ cite book , title = A Guide to Organophosphorus Chemistry , author = Quin, L. D. , publisher = Wiley-Interscience , year = 2000 , isbn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Journal Of The American Chemical Society
The ''Journal of the American Chemical Society'' is a weekly peer-reviewed scientific journal that was established in 1879 by the American Chemical Society. The journal has absorbed two other publications in its history, the ''Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry'' (July 1893) and the ''American Chemical Journal'' (January 1914). It covers all fields of chemistry. Since 2021, the editor-in-chief is Erick M. Carreira (ETH Zurich). In 2014, the journal moved to a hybrid open access publishing model. Abstracting and indexing The journal is abstracted and indexed in Chemical Abstracts Service, Scopus, EBSCO databases, ProQuest databases, Index Medicus/MEDLINE/PubMed, and the Science Citation Index Expanded. According to the ''Journal Citation Reports'', the journal has a 2021 impact factor of 16.383. Editors-in-chief The following people are or have been editor-in-chief: * 1879–1880 – Hermann Endemann * 1880–1881 – Gideon E. Moore * 1881–1882 – Hermann Endemann ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Benzophenone
Benzophenone is the organic compound with the formula (C6H5)2CO, generally abbreviated Ph2CO. It is a white solid that is soluble in organic solvents. Benzophenone is a widely used building block in organic chemistry, being the parent diarylketone. Uses Benzophenone can be used as a photo initiator in UV(Ultra-violet)-curing applications such as inks, imaging, and clear coatings in the printing industry. Benzophenone prevents ultraviolet ( UV) light from damaging scents and colors in products such as perfumes and soaps. Benzophenone can also be added to plastic packaging as a UV blocker to prevent photo-degradation of the packaging polymers or its contents. Its use allows manufacturers to package the product in clear glass or plastic (such as a PETE water bottle). Without it, opaque or dark packaging would be required. In biological applications, benzophenones have been used extensively as photophysical probes to identify and map peptide–protein interactions. Benzophenone ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hydride
In chemistry, a hydride is formally the anion of hydrogen( H−). The term is applied loosely. At one extreme, all compounds containing covalently bound H atoms are called hydrides: water (H2O) is a hydride of oxygen, ammonia is a hydride of nitrogen, etc. For inorganic chemists, hydrides refer to compounds and ions in which hydrogen is covalently attached to a less electronegative element. In such cases, the H centre has nucleophilic character, which contrasts with the protic character of acids. The hydride anion is very rarely observed. Almost all of the elements form binary compounds with hydrogen, the exceptions being He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Pm, Os, Ir, Rn, Fr, and Ra. Exotic molecules such as positronium hydride have also been made. Bonds Bonds between hydrogen and the other elements range from highly to somewhat covalent. Some hydrides, e.g. boron hydrides, do not conform to classical electron-counting rules and the bonding is described in terms of multi-centered ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
