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Zhaolian
Zhaolian (26 March 1776 – 14 January 1830), courtesy name Jixiu, was a Manchu prince of the imperial Aisin Gioro clan during the Qing dynasty. A 6th-generation descendant of prince Giyesu, he was the 9th holder of the Prince Li (禮) title, which he held from 1805 to 1816. In 1816, his title was stripped after it was discovered that he tortured servants Cheng Jianzhong (程建忠), Cheng Jianyi (程建義) and others. He was put under house arrest for the subsequent 3 years and never recovered the princely title. A bibliophile, Zhaolian was friends with famous intellectuals like Wei Yuan, Gong Zizhen, Ji Yun and Yuan Mei. His non-fiction writings on politics, government, history and literature were posthumously collected into 2 books": ''Xiaoting Zalu'' (嘯亭雜錄/啸亭雜録; "Miscellaneous Records of the Roaring Pavilion"), and ''Xiaoting Xulu'' (嘯亭續錄/啸亭续录; "Continued Records of the Roaring Pavilion"). Family Father: Yong'en (永恩), prince Ligong of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yong'en
Yong'en (永恩; 12 Sep 1727 – 10 Apr 1805; 8th) was the second son of Chong'an, Prince Kangxiu of the First Rank. Life He held the title of '' beile'' from 1734 to 1753, when his uncle Ba'ertu succeeded to the title of Prince Kang of the First Rank. He succeeded the peerage under the title Prince Kang of the First Rank in 1753. By the virtues of his ancestor Daišan, the peerage was renamed to "Prince Li of the First Rank" in 1778. Yong'en was described as respectful, indifferent and thrifty to himself. The prince was versed in art and literature - he created several pictures inspired by "Eight Houses of Jinling" and Lu Qiang. His written works include: *"Collection of Studio of Benefit" (《益斋集》, pinyin: yizhaiji), *"The story of the family of Yaonai" (《姚鼐撰家传》, pinyin: yaonaizhuanjiachuan), *Four types of ripple garden" (《漪园四种》, pinyin: yiyuansizhong) * "History of the Hall of Sincere Rightness" (《诚正堂稿》, pinyin: chengzhengtan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prince Li (禮)
Prince Li of the First Rank (Manchu: ; ''hošoi doronggo cin wang''), or simply Prince Li, was the title of a princely peerage of the Manchu-led Qing dynasty of China. It was also one of the 12 "iron-cap" princely peerages in the Qing dynasty, which meant that the title could be passed down without being downgraded. The first bearer of the title was Daišan (1583–1648), the second son of Nurhaci, the founder of the Later Jin dynasty. He was awarded the title in 1636 by his half-brother, Hong Taiji, who succeeded their father to the Later Jin throne and who later founded the Qing dynasty. The peerage was renamed to Prince Xun of the First Rank (Prince Xun) in 1651 during the reign of the Shunzhi Emperor, and to Prince Kang of the First Rank (Prince Kang) in 1659, before it was renamed back to Prince Li of the First Rank in 1778. The peerage was passed down over 12 generations and held by 15 persons. Of the 15 princes, two held the title as Prince Xun, four held the title as Pri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Šumuru
Šumuru (Manchu: ; ) was one of the eight great clans of Manchu nobility. After the demise of the dynasty, some of its descendants sinicized their clan name to the Chinese surnames '' Shu'' (舒), '' Xu'' (徐) or '' Xiao'' (蕭). Notable figures Males * Yangguri (; 1572–1637), military figure and prince ** Tatai (塔台) ***Aixinga (d. 1664), Yangguri's grandson; coadjutor in the invasion of Burma * Tantai (), Yangguri's cousin * Fushan (富善), Aixinga's son, first-class duke ** Haijin (海金), Fushan's son *** Fengsheng'e (丰盛额), a first rank military official (都统) and held the title of first-class Yingcheng duke (一等英诚公) **** Feng'an (丰安), held the title of first-class Yingcheng duke (一等英诚公) * Folun (; d. 1701), served as the Minister of Works from 1686–1687 * Xu Yuanmeng (; 1655–1741), scholar and politician ** Xu Chengyi (徐诚意), served as an official (领催，pinyin: lingcui) * Lunbu (伦布) *Yuzhang (玉彰), served as fifth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1830 Deaths
Year 183 ( CLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Aurelius and Victorinus (or, less frequently, year 936 ''Ab urbe condita''). The denomination 183 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire * An assassination attempt on Emperor Commodus by members of the Senate fails. Births * January 26 – Lady Zhen, wife of the Cao Wei state Emperor Cao Pi (d. 221) * Hu Zong, Chinese general, official and poet of the Eastern Wu state (d. 242) * Liu Zan (Zhengming), Chinese general of the Eastern Wu state (d. 255) * Lu Xun Zhou Shuren (25 September 1881 – 19 October 1936), better known by his pen name Lu Xun (or Lu Sun; ; Wade–Giles: Lu Hsün), was a Chinese writer, essayist, poet, and literary critic. He ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1776 Births
Events January–February * January 1 – American Revolutionary War – Burning of Norfolk: The town of Norfolk, Virginia is destroyed, by the combined actions of the British Royal Navy and occupying Patriot forces. * January 10 – American Revolution – Thomas Paine publishes his pamphlet ''Common Sense'', arguing for independence from British rule in the Thirteen Colonies. * January 20 – American Revolution – South Carolina Loyalists led by Robert Cunningham sign a petition from prison, agreeing to all demands for peace by the formed state government of South Carolina. * January 24 – American Revolution – Henry Knox arrives at Cambridge, Massachusetts, with the artillery that he has transported from Fort Ticonderoga. * February 17 – Edward Gibbon publishes the first volume of ''The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire''. * February 27 – American Revolution – Battle of Moore's Creek Bridge: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Irgen Gioro
Irgen Gioro (; ) is a Manchu clan and family name, which was officially categorized as a "notable clan", and member of the eight great houses of the Manchu nobility in Qing dynasty. Sibe and Nanai people also has Irgen Gioro as their family name. History The origin of Irgen Gioro does not have a decisive conclusion. According to a famous anecdote, the ancestors of Irgen Gioro were the emperors Huizong, Qinzong, and other imperial family members of Song dynasty who were captured by the Jurchens in the Jingkang Incident of the Jin–Song wars. The Manchu emperors had also bestowed their family name to the founding ministers or generals who rendered outstanding service to the empire. In order to differentiate from Aisin Gioro the Manchu imperial family, "Irgen" was added with the meaning of "regular citizen" or "common people" and the implication of "non-imperial". At the early period of Manchu Empire, Irgen Gioro were recorded as 340 households. They mainly distributed in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yuan Mei
Yuan Mei (; 1716–1797) was a Chinese painter and poet of the Qing Dynasty. He was often mentioned with Ji Yun as the "Nan Yuan Bei Ji" (). Biography Early life Yuan Mei was born in Qiantang (, in modern Hangzhou), Zhejiang province, to a cultured family who had never before attained high office. He achieved the degree of ''jinshi'' in 1739 at the young age of 23 and was immediately appointed to the Hanlin Academy (). Then, from 1742 to 1748, Yuan Mei served as a magistrate in four different provinces in Jiangsu. However, in 1748, shortly after being assigned to administer part of Nanjing, he resigned his post and returned to his hometown to pursue his literary interest. Literary career In the decades before his death, Yuan Mei produced a large body of poetry, essays and paintings. His works reflected his interest in Chan Buddhism and the supernatural, at the expense of Daoism and institutional Buddhism - both of which he rejected. Yuan is most famous for his poetry, which ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ji Yun
Ji Yun (; 1724–1805), also known as Ji Xiaolan () or Ji Chunfan () was a Chinese philosopher, politician, and writer. He was an influential scholar of Qing dynasty China and many anecdotes have been recorded about him. Ji Yun left behind a book entitled ''Notes of the Thatched Abode of Close Observations'' (閱微草堂筆記''The Shadow Book of Ji Yun'' Empress Wu Books, 2021), and another book named ''Wenda Gong Yiji'' (紀文達公遺集; Collected Works of Lord Wenda, i.e. Ji Xiaolan), which was edited by later generations. He was often mentioned with Yuan Mei as the "Nan Yuan Bei Ji" (). Background Ji Yun was born in Xian County of Hebei Province. When he was young, he was deemed intelligent. His father Ji Rongsu was a civil minister and archaeologist. Career In 1747, Ji Yun rose to intellectual prominence after winning the highest distinction in the provincial examinations. Several years later, in 1754, he attained the jinshi degree, whereupon he entered the Hanlin Aca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wei Yuan
Wei Yuan (; April23, 1794March26, 1857), born Wei Yuanda (), courtesy names Moshen () and Hanshi (), was a Chinese scholar from Shaoyang, Hunan. He moved to Yangzhou, Jiangsu in 1831, where he remained for the rest of his life. Wei obtained the provincial degree ('' juren'') in the Imperial examinations and subsequently worked in the secretariat of several statesmen such as Lin Zexu. Wei was deeply concerned with the crisis facing China in the early 19th century; while he remained loyal to the Qing Dynasty, he also sketched a number of proposals for the improvement of the administration of the empire. Biography From an early age, Wei espoused the New Text school of Confucianism and became a vocal member of the statecraft school, which advocated practical learning in opposition to the allegedly barren evidentiary scholarship as represented by scholars like Dai Zhen. Among other things, Wei advocated sea transport of grain to the capital instead of using the Grand Canal and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gong Zizhen
Gong Zizhen ; 1792–1841), courtesy name(''zi'') Seren, literary name (''hao'') Ding'an, was a Chinese poet, calligrapher and intellectual active in the 19th century whose works both foreshadowed and influenced the modernization movements of the late Qing dynasty. Biography He was born August 22, 1792, in the town of Renhe near Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, into an eminent family of scholars and officials. He moved to the capital Beijing with his parents when he was six, about 1100 kilometers to the northwest of his hometown. As a child, he was required to read all the classics in literature, poetry and philosophy. Gong was a grandson of the famous philologist Duan Yucai, who put a lot of hope in Gong and began educating him in the Han period old text classics. Later on Gong studied the new text tradition under Liu Fenglu, as well as Tiantai Buddhism under Jiang Tiejun. But, when he grew up, Gong became more interested in social and government affairs. In 1821 when he was 29, Gon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Giyesu
Giyesu (; 1645–1697), formally known as Prince Kang, was a Manchu prince and general of the Qing dynasty. Born into the imperial Aisin Gioro clan, he was a distant cousin of the Kangxi Emperor and is best known for leading Qing forces to suppress a rebellion by Geng Jingzhong in southwestern China between 1674 and 1675 and repel an invasion by Taiwan warlord Zheng Jing in 1676–1677. Title inheritance Giyesu was born in the Manchu Aisin Gioro clan as a great-grandson of Nurhaci, the founder of the Qing dynasty. His grandfather, Daišan, was the founding title holder of the Prince Li peerage. His father, Hūse (祜塞; d. 1646), who was the eighth and youngest son of Daišan, held the title of a ''feng'en zhenguo gong'' or first-class imperial duke. After Hūse died, his title was inherited by his second son, Jinggi (精濟; 1644–1649), who, sometime before 1649, was promoted to a ''junwang'' (second-rank prince). Jinggi died in July 1649. Giyesu, who was then only four y ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qing Dynasty
The Qing dynasty ( ), officially the Great Qing,, was a Manchu-led imperial dynasty of China and the last orthodox dynasty in Chinese history. It emerged from the Later Jin dynasty founded by the Jianzhou Jurchens, a Tungusic-speaking ethnic group who unified other Jurchen tribes to form a new "Manchu" ethnic identity. The dynasty was officially proclaimed in 1636 in Manchuria (modern-day Northeast China and Outer Manchuria). It seized control of Beijing in 1644, then later expanded its rule over the whole of China proper and Taiwan, and finally expanded into Inner Asia. The dynasty lasted until 1912 when it was overthrown in the Xinhai Revolution. In orthodox Chinese historiography, the Qing dynasty was preceded by the Ming dynasty and succeeded by the Republic of China. The multiethnic Qing dynasty lasted for almost three centuries and assembled the territorial base for modern China. It was the largest imperial dynasty in the history of China and in 1790 the f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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