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Zalmoxidae
The Zalmoxidae are a family of harvestmen within the suborder Laniatores. Name Zalmoxis is the name of a Thracian god. Description Zalmoxidae are small Laniatores of dark brown to dark yellow color with varied darker mottling. Some small edaphic species are pale yellowish. Males of varies species bear sexually dimorphic and embellished armature, particularly in the fourth walking leg. Distribution Members of this family are distributed in the tropics on opposite sides of the Pacific Ocean, as well as Melanesian archipelagoes and some Micronesian islands. Zalmoxidae do not occur in mainland Africa or Madagascar. In the Neotropics, most species occur from Costa Rica to Brazil, with a center of diversity in Venezuela. In the Indo-Pacific, many species in New Guinea. Two species are found in the Seychelles and Mauritius. Systematics For a list of currently described species, see the List of Zalmoxidae species. Relationships Zalmoxidae is sister to Fissiphalliidae, with this clade ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Zalmoxidae Species
This is a list of the described species of the harvestman family Zalmoxidae. Data on Neotropical species is mostly taken from Joel Hallan's Biology Catalog. Data on Indo-Pacific species is taken from the Sharma et al. (2011) Zootaxa catalog. * '' Absonus'' M. A. González-Sponga, 1987 :* '' Absonus ayalai'' M. A. González-Sponga, 1987 — Venezuela :* '' Absonus caracasensis'' M. A. González-Sponga, 1987 — Venezuela * '' Araguita'' M. A. González-Sponga, 1987 :* '' Araguita speciosa'' M. A. González-Sponga, 1987 — Venezuela * '' Avilaia'' González-Sponga, 1998 :* '' Avilaia cordillerensis'' González-Sponga, 1998 * '' Azulitaia'' M. A. González-Sponga, 1987 :* '' Azulitaia rubicunda'' M. A. González-Sponga, 1987 — Venezuela * '' Buruquelia'' González-Sponga, 1999 :* '' Buruquelia cornifera'' González-Sponga, 1999 — Venezuela * '' Carayaca'' González-Sponga, 1998 :* '' Carayaca ornata'' González-Sponga, 1998 * '' Cea'' M. A. González-Sponga, 1987 :* '' Cea l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Icaleptidae
The Icaleptidae are a small family of neotropical harvestmen within the suborder Laniatores. Although only two species have been described, many more are probably to be discovered.Kury & Pérez 2002 Name The name of the type genus is combined from Ica, a Chibchan people inhabiting the slopes of Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, and the second half of the genus '' Gonyleptes'' (Gonyleptidae), the first described harvestman in Laniatores. (2007): Icaleptidae. Kury & Pérez G., 2002. In: Pinto-da-Rocha ''et al.'' 2007: 205ff Description The two described species have their fourth pair of legs ventrally inserted, giving them a flea-like habitus. Distribution Although Icaleptidae have until now only been described from Ecuador (Cotopaxi) and northern Colombia (Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta), they are expected to occur in Venezuela. Both species were found in leaf litter. The type material of the two species was collected in 1968 (''I. malkini'') and 1993 (''Z. platnicki''). Relationship ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Harvestmen
The Opiliones (formerly Phalangida) are an order of arachnids colloquially known as harvestmen, harvesters, harvest spiders, or daddy longlegs. , over 6,650 species of harvestmen have been discovered worldwide, although the total number of extant species may exceed 10,000. The order Opiliones includes five suborders: Cyphophthalmi, Eupnoi, Dyspnoi, Laniatores, and Tetrophthalmi, which were named in 2014. Representatives of each extant suborder can be found on all continents except Antarctica. Well-preserved fossils have been found in the 400-million-year-old Rhynie cherts of Scotland, and 305-million-year-old rocks in France. These fossils look surprisingly modern, indicating that their basic body shape developed very early on, and, at least in some taxa, has changed little since that time. Their phylogenetic position within the Arachnida is disputed; their closest relatives may be the mites (Acari) or the Novogenuata (the Scorpiones, Pseudoscorpiones, and Solifugae). Altho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Harvestmen
The Opiliones (formerly Phalangida) are an order of arachnids colloquially known as harvestmen, harvesters, harvest spiders, or daddy longlegs. , over 6,650 species of harvestmen have been discovered worldwide, although the total number of extant species may exceed 10,000. The order Opiliones includes five suborders: Cyphophthalmi, Eupnoi, Dyspnoi, Laniatores, and Tetrophthalmi, which were named in 2014. Representatives of each extant suborder can be found on all continents except Antarctica. Well-preserved fossils have been found in the 400-million-year-old Rhynie cherts of Scotland, and 305-million-year-old rocks in France. These fossils look surprisingly modern, indicating that their basic body shape developed very early on, and, at least in some taxa, has changed little since that time. Their phylogenetic position within the Arachnida is disputed; their closest relatives may be the mites (Acari) or the Novogenuata (the Scorpiones, Pseudoscorpiones, and Solifugae). Altho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guasiniidae
The Guasiniidae are a family of harvestman with three described species from South America. It is, together with the Fissiphalliidae and the Ogoveidae, one of the least diverse harvestman families. The family is probably closely related to the Zalmoxidae and Fissiphalliidae. All described species in this family are completely eyeless (anophthalmic). González-Sponga found the two first species inside bark under litter, ''G. persephone'' was also found inside soil, in an inundation-forest of black-water (igapó) at Tarumã-Mirim, near the mouth of Rio Negro, 20 km upstream from Manaus. The region is flooded for almost half a year. Current research suggests that the two described genera should be merged into one. Species * '' Guaiquinimia'' González-Sponga, 1997 :* '' Guaiquinimia longipes'' González-Sponga, 1997 (Venezuela) * '' Guasinia'' González-Sponga, 1997 :* '' Guasinia delgadoi'' González-Sponga, 1997 (Venezuela) :* '' Guasinia persephone'' Pinto-da-Rocha & ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kimulidae
Kimulidae is a small neotropical family of the harvestman infraorder Grassatores with about thirty described species. (2007): Kimulidae. Kury & Pérez in Kury, 2003. In: Pinto-da-Rocha ''et al.'' 2007: 207ff Description These brown harvestmen dwell in soil and litter. Distribution Whereas most species occur in Venezuela, Colombia and the West Indies, the isolated species ''Tegipiolus pachypus'' (which was formerly in Zalmoxidae) is found in northeastern Brazil. This species also differs from the others morphologically. Another Brazilian species, ''Microminua soerenseni'' Rio de Janeiro, does not belong to this family.Kury 2003 Relationships Kimulidae are probably closely related to Escadabiidae. Name This family was originally called Minuidae, but as the name of the type genus proved invalid, the family name needed a replacement. Species * '' Acanthominua'' Sørensen, 1932 :* '' Acanthominua tricarinata'' Sørensen, 1932 — Venezuela * '' Euminua'' Sørensen, 1932 :* '' Eum ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fissiphalliidae
The Fissiphalliidae are a small neotropical family of harvestmen within the suborder Laniatores. Name The name of the type genus is combined from Latin ''fissus'' "split" and Ancient Greek ''phallos'' "penis". (2007): Fissiphalliidae Martensen, 1988. In: Pinto-da-Rocha ''et al.'' 2007: 194ff Description Fissiphalliidae are about two to three millimeters long, with legs ranging from three to almost nine mm. The color ranges from yellowish to pale brownish, sometimes with stripes or dots. Distribution Fissiphalliidae have been found in Bogotá, Colombia at elevations of about 3,500 meters, and in lowlands of central and eastern Amazon Rainforest. Species * '' Fissiphallius'' Martens, 1988 ** '' Fissiphallius chicoi'' Tourinho & Perez, 2006 - Pará State (Brazil) ** '' Fissiphallius martensi'' Pinto-da-Rocha, 2004 - Manaus (Brazil) ** '' Fissiphallius spinulatus'' Martens, 1988 — Colombia ** '' Fissiphallius sturmi'' Martens, 1988 — Colombia ** '' Fissiphallius sympatricus'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Seychelles
Seychelles (, ; ), officially the Republic of Seychelles (french: link=no, République des Seychelles; Creole: ''La Repiblik Sesel''), is an archipelagic state consisting of 115 islands in the Indian Ocean. Its capital and largest city, Victoria, is east of mainland Africa. Nearby island countries and territories include the Comoros, Madagascar, Mauritius, and the French overseas departments of Mayotte and Réunion to the south; and Maldives and the Chagos Archipelago (administered by the United Kingdom as the British Indian Ocean Territory) to the east. It is the least populated sovereign African country, with an estimated 2020 population of 98,462. Seychelles was uninhabited prior to being encountered by Europeans in the 16th century. It faced competing French and British interests until coming under full British control in the late 18th century. Since proclaiming independence from the United Kingdom in 1976, it has developed from a largely agricultural society to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Escadabiidae
Escadabiidae is a small neotropical family of the harvestman infraorder Grassatores with six described species. (2007): Escadabiidae Kury & Pérez in Kury, 2003. In: Pinto-da-Rocha ''et al.'' 2007: 191ff Description Escadabiidae are about three millimeters long, with short legs and weak chelicerae. Distribution All known members of this group are endemic to Brazil. The as yet undescribed species in this family expand the range to the coast of Ceará State and caves in the dry central part of Minas Gerais, where the cave-dwelling species could represent an example of relictual distribution. Relationships Escadabiidae are possibly the sister group to Kimulidae. Name The name of the type genus ''Escadabius'' is combined from the type locality Escada (Pernambuco, Brazil) and Ancient Greek ''bios'' "living". Species * '' Baculigerus'' H. E. M. Soares, 1979 ** '' Baculigerus litoris'' H. E. M. Soares, 1979 * '' Escadabius'' Roewer, 1949 ** '' Escadabius schubarti'' Roewer, 1949 ** ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mauritius
Mauritius ( ; french: Maurice, link=no ; mfe, label=Mauritian Creole, Moris ), officially the Republic of Mauritius, is an island nation in the Indian Ocean about off the southeast coast of the African continent, east of Madagascar. It includes the main island (also called Mauritius), as well as Rodrigues, Agaléga and St. Brandon. The islands of Mauritius and Rodrigues, along with nearby Réunion (a French overseas department), are part of the Mascarene Islands. The main island of Mauritius, where most of the population is concentrated, hosts the capital and largest city, Port Louis. The country spans and has an exclusive economic zone covering . Arab sailors were the first to discover the uninhabited island, around 975, and they called it ''Dina Arobi''. The earliest discovery was in 1507 by Portuguese sailors, who otherwise took little interest in the islands. The Dutch took possession in 1598, establishing a succession of short-lived settlements over a period of about ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Guinea
New Guinea (; Hiri Motu Hiri Motu, also known as Police Motu, Pidgin Motu, or just Hiri, is a language of Papua New Guinea, which is spoken in surrounding areas of Port Moresby (Capital of Papua New Guinea). It is a simplified version of Motu, from the Austronesian l ...: ''Niu Gini''; id, Papua, or , historically ) is the List of islands by area, world's second-largest island with an area of . Located in Oceania in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, the island is separated from Mainland Australia, Australia by the wide Torres Strait, though both landmasses lie on the same continental shelf. Numerous smaller islands are located to the west and east. The eastern half of the island is the major land mass of the independent state of Papua New Guinea. The western half, known as Western New Guinea, forms a part of Indonesia and is organized as the provinces of Papua (province), Papua, Central Papua, Highland Papua, South Papua, Southwest Papua, and West Papua (province), West ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Laniatores
Laniatores is the largest suborder of the arachnid order Opiliones with over 4,000 described species worldwide. The majority of the species are highly dependent on humid environments and usually correlated with tropical and temperate forest habitats. Laniatores are typically (relatively) short-legged, hard-plated, spiny Opiliones, common under logs and stones, in leaf litter and in caves. They often have spiny pedipalps and paired or branched claws on the third and fourth pairs of legs.Pinto-da-Rocha ''et al.'' 2007: 17 The largest family is Gonyleptidae Sundevall, 1833, endemic of the Neotropics, with over 800 valid species and showing many cases of maternal and paternal care. Identification The dorsal scutum consists of a single piece, with the carapace or peltidium entirely fused with abdominal scutum. The pedipalpus is usually robust and armed with strong spines. The ovipositor is short and unsegmented (derived character state shared with the Dyspnoi). The penis is complex, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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