Zoya (film)

	Zoya (film) ''Zoya'' (russian: Зоя) is a 1944 Soviet biographical war film directed by Lev Arnshtam. It was entered into the 1946 Cannes Film Festival. Plot The film depicts the short life of a Moscow schoolgirl Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya who at the beginning of the Great Patriotic War became a partisan-infiltrator and was executed by the Germans in November 1941 near Moscow in a village Petrishcheva. She was posthumously awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union. Cast * Galina Vodyanitskaya as Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya * Tamara Altseva as Zoya's Teacher Aleksey Batalov Anatoli Kuznetsov as Boris Fomin Rostislav Plyatt as German Soldier Boris Podgornij as German Officer Vera Popova Boris Poslavsky as Owl Nikolai Ryzhov as Zoya's Father Yekaterina Skvortsova as Zoya as a child (as Katya Skvortsova) Kseniya Tarasova Xenia (variants include Ksenia, Ksenija, Kseniya; derived from Greek ξενία '' xenia'', "hospitality") is a female given name. The below sections list notable people ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Lev Arnshtam Lev Oskarovich Arnshtam (russian: Лео Оскарович Арншта́м; 15 January 1905 – 26 December 1979) was a Soviet film director and screenwriter. He directed nine films between 1936 and 1967. Arnshtam was named People’s Artist of the RSFSR in 1969. Biography Arnshtam was initially interested in music. He studied piano at Saint Petersburg Conservatory, graduating in 1923, and began a career as a professional pianist. He worked as the chief musical consultant for Vsevolod Meyerhold’s theater in 1924–1927, before turning to cinema, where he became an expert in sound engineering. From 1929 to 1931, Arnshtam helped develop a sound track for Sergei Yutkevich’s ''Golden Mountains'', which originally had been conceived as a silent picture; he also contributed to its screenplay. Arnshtam was one of the screenwriters of Yutkevich’s and Fridrikh Ermler’s Film ''Counterplan'' (1932). Arnshtam’s first independently directed picture was ''Girlfriends'' (1936), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Boris Poslavsky Boris may refer to: People * Boris (given name), a male given name :''See'': List of people with given name Boris Boris (surname) * Boris I of Bulgaria (died 907), the first Christian ruler of the First Bulgarian Empire, canonized after his death * Boris II of Bulgaria (c. 931–977), ruler of the First Bulgarian Empire * Boris III of Bulgaria (1894–1943), ruler of the Kingdom of Bulgaria in the first half of the 20th century * Boris, Prince of Tarnovo (born 1997), Spanish-born Bulgarian royal * Boris and Gleb (died 1015), the first saints canonized in Kievan Rus * Boris (singer) (born 1965), pseudonym of French singer Philippe Dhondt Arts and media * Boris (band), a Japanese experimental rock trio * ''Boris'' (EP), by Yezda Urfa, 1975 * "Boris" (song), by the Melvins, 1991 * ''Boris'' (TV series), a 2007–2009 Italian comedy series * '' Boris: The Film'', a 2011 Italian film based on the TV series * '' Boris: The Rise of Boris Johnson'', a 2006 biography by Andrew Gim ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Russian War Drama Films Russian(s) refers to anything related to Russia, including: Russians (, ''russkiye''), an ethnic group of the East Slavic peoples, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries Rossiyane (), Russian language term for all citizens and people of Russia, regardless of ethnicity Russophone, Russian-speaking person (, ''russkogovoryashchy'', ''russkoyazychny'') Russian language, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages Russian alphabet Russian cuisine Russian culture Russian studies Russian may also refer to: Russian dressing ''The Russians'', a book by Hedrick Smith Russian (comics), fictional Marvel Comics supervillain from ''The Punisher'' series Russian (solitaire), a card game * "Russians" (song), from the album ''The Dream of the Blue Turtles'' by Sting "Russian", from the album ''Tubular Bells 2003'' by Mike Oldfield "Russian", from the album '' '' by Caravan Palace Nik Russian, the perpetrator of a con committed in 2002 The South African name for a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Soviet War Drama Films The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national republics; in practice, both its government and its economy were highly centralized until its final years. It was a one-party state governed by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, with the city of Moscow serving as its capital as well as that of its largest and most populous republic: the Russian SFSR. Other major cities included Leningrad (Russian SFSR), Kiev (Ukrainian SSR), Minsk (Byelorussian SSR), Tashkent (Uzbek SSR), Alma-Ata (Kazakh SSR), and Novosibirsk (Russian SFSR). It was the largest country in the world, covering over and spanning eleven time zones. The country's roots lay in the October Revolution of 1917, when the Bolsheviks, under the leadership of Vladimir Lenin, overthrew the Russian Provisional Government that ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Russian Black-and-white Films Russian(s) refers to anything related to Russia, including: Russians (, ''russkiye''), an ethnic group of the East Slavic peoples, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries Rossiyane (), Russian language term for all citizens and people of Russia, regardless of ethnicity Russophone, Russian-speaking person (, ''russkogovoryashchy'', ''russkoyazychny'') Russian language, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages Russian alphabet Russian cuisine Russian culture Russian studies Russian may also refer to: Russian dressing ''The Russians'', a book by Hedrick Smith Russian (comics), fictional Marvel Comics supervillain from ''The Punisher'' series Russian (solitaire), a card game Russians (song), "Russians" (song), from the album ''The Dream of the Blue Turtles'' by Sting "Russian", from the album ''Tubular Bells 2003'' by Mike Oldfield "Russian", from the album ''Robot Face, '' by Caravan Palace Nik Russian, the perpetrator of a con committed in 2002 Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Russian Biographical Drama Films Russian(s) refers to anything related to Russia, including: Russians (, ''russkiye''), an ethnic group of the East Slavic peoples, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries Rossiyane (), Russian language term for all citizens and people of Russia, regardless of ethnicity Russophone, Russian-speaking person (, ''russkogovoryashchy'', ''russkoyazychny'') Russian language, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages Russian alphabet Russian cuisine Russian culture Russian studies Russian may also refer to: Russian dressing ''The Russians'', a book by Hedrick Smith Russian (comics), fictional Marvel Comics supervillain from ''The Punisher'' series Russian (solitaire), a card game * "Russians" (song), from the album ''The Dream of the Blue Turtles'' by Sting "Russian", from the album ''Tubular Bells 2003'' by Mike Oldfield "Russian", from the album '' '' by Caravan Palace Nik Russian, the perpetrator of a con committed in 2002 The South African name for a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Soviet Biographical Drama Films The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national republics; in practice, both its government and its economy were highly centralized until its final years. It was a one-party state governed by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, with the city of Moscow serving as its capital as well as that of its largest and most populous republic: the Russian SFSR. Other major cities included Leningrad (Russian SFSR), Kiev (Ukrainian SSR), Minsk (Byelorussian SSR), Tashkent (Uzbek SSR), Alma-Ata (Kazakh SSR), and Novosibirsk (Russian SFSR). It was the largest country in the world, covering over and spanning eleven time zones. The country's roots lay in the October Revolution of 1917, when the Bolsheviks, under the leadership of Vladimir Lenin, overthrew the Russian Provisional Government tha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	1940s War Drama Films Year 194 ( CXCIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Septimius and Septimius (or, less frequently, year 947 ''Ab urbe condita''). The denomination 194 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire * Emperor Septimius Severus and Decimus Clodius Septimius Albinus Caesar become Roman Consuls. * Battle of Issus: Septimius Severus marches with his army (12 legions) to Cilicia, and defeats Pescennius Niger, Roman governor of Syria. Pescennius retreats to Antioch, and is executed by Severus' troops. * Septimius Severus besieges Byzantium (194–196); the city walls suffer extensive damage. Asia * Battle of Yan Province: Warlords Cao Cao and Lü Bu fight for control over Yan Province; the battle lasts for over 100 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	1940s Biographical Drama Films Year 194 ( CXCIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Septimius and Septimius (or, less frequently, year 947 '' Ab urbe condita''). The denomination 194 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire * Emperor Septimius Severus and Decimus Clodius Septimius Albinus Caesar become Roman Consuls. * Battle of Issus: Septimius Severus marches with his army (12 legions) to Cilicia, and defeats Pescennius Niger, Roman governor of Syria. Pescennius retreats to Antioch, and is executed by Severus' troops. * Septimius Severus besieges Byzantium (194–196); the city walls suffer extensive damage. Asia * Battle of Yan Province: Warlords Cao Cao and Lü Bu fight for control over Yan Province; the battle lasts for over 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	1944 Drama Films Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 2 – WWII: Free France, Free French General Jean de Lattre de Tassigny is appointed to command First Army (France), French Army B, part of the Sixth United States Army Group in North Africa. Landing at Saidor: 13,000 US and Australian troops land on Papua New Guinea, in an attempt to cut off a Japanese retreat. * January 8 – WWII: Philippine Commonwealth troops enter the province of Ilocos Sur in northern Luzon and attack Japanese forces. * January 11 President of the United States Franklin D. Roosevelt proposes a Second Bill of Rights for social and economic security, in his State of the Union address. The Nazi German administration expands Kraków-Płaszów concentration camp into the larger standalone ''Konzentrationslager Plaszow bei Krakau'' in occupied Poland. * January 12 – WWII: Winston Churchill and Charles de Gaulle begin a 2-day conference in Marrakech ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	1944 Films The year 1944 in film involved some significant events, including the wholesome, award-winning ''Going My Way'' plus popular murder mysteries such as ''Double Indemnity'', ''Gaslight'' and '' Laura''. Top-grossing films (U.S.) The top ten 1944 released films by box office gross in North America are as follows: Events March 10 – MGM's ''A Guy Named Joe'', starring Spencer Tracy and Irene Dunne, is released nationally in the United States. May 3 – The film ''Going My Way'', directed by Leo McCarey and starring Bing Crosby and Barry Fitzgerald, premieres in New York City. The highest-grossing picture of the year, it goes on to win a total of seven Academy Awards, including Best Picture, Best Director for McCary, Best Actor for Crosby and Best Original Song for "Swinging on a Star". May 13 – Dale Evans appears in her first film with future husband, Roy Rogers – '' Cowboy and the Senorita''. July 20 – ''Since You Went Away'' is released. August 16–September 11 � ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]

	Zoya (film) ''Zoya'' (russian: Зоя) is a 1944 Soviet biographical war film directed by Lev Arnshtam. It was entered into the 1946 Cannes Film Festival. Plot The film depicts the short life of a Moscow schoolgirl Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya who at the beginning of the Great Patriotic War became a partisan-infiltrator and was executed by the Germans in November 1941 near Moscow in a village Petrishcheva. She was posthumously awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union. Cast * Galina Vodyanitskaya as Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya * Tamara Altseva as Zoya's Teacher Aleksey Batalov Anatoli Kuznetsov as Boris Fomin Rostislav Plyatt as German Soldier Boris Podgornij as German Officer Vera Popova Boris Poslavsky as Owl Nikolai Ryzhov as Zoya's Father Yekaterina Skvortsova as Zoya as a child (as Katya Skvortsova) Kseniya Tarasova Xenia (variants include Ksenia, Ksenija, Kseniya; derived from Greek ξενία '' xenia'', "hospitality") is a female given name. The below sections list notable people ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Lev Arnshtam Lev Oskarovich Arnshtam (russian: Лео Оскарович Арншта́м; 15 January 1905 – 26 December 1979) was a Soviet film director and screenwriter. He directed nine films between 1936 and 1967. Arnshtam was named People’s Artist of the RSFSR in 1969. Biography Arnshtam was initially interested in music. He studied piano at Saint Petersburg Conservatory, graduating in 1923, and began a career as a professional pianist. He worked as the chief musical consultant for Vsevolod Meyerhold’s theater in 1924–1927, before turning to cinema, where he became an expert in sound engineering. From 1929 to 1931, Arnshtam helped develop a sound track for Sergei Yutkevich’s ''Golden Mountains'', which originally had been conceived as a silent picture; he also contributed to its screenplay. Arnshtam was one of the screenwriters of Yutkevich’s and Fridrikh Ermler’s Film ''Counterplan'' (1932). Arnshtam’s first independently directed picture was ''Girlfriends'' (1936), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Boris Poslavsky Boris may refer to: People * Boris (given name), a male given name :''See'': List of people with given name Boris Boris (surname) * Boris I of Bulgaria (died 907), the first Christian ruler of the First Bulgarian Empire, canonized after his death * Boris II of Bulgaria (c. 931–977), ruler of the First Bulgarian Empire * Boris III of Bulgaria (1894–1943), ruler of the Kingdom of Bulgaria in the first half of the 20th century * Boris, Prince of Tarnovo (born 1997), Spanish-born Bulgarian royal * Boris and Gleb (died 1015), the first saints canonized in Kievan Rus * Boris (singer) (born 1965), pseudonym of French singer Philippe Dhondt Arts and media * Boris (band), a Japanese experimental rock trio * ''Boris'' (EP), by Yezda Urfa, 1975 * "Boris" (song), by the Melvins, 1991 * ''Boris'' (TV series), a 2007–2009 Italian comedy series * '' Boris: The Film'', a 2011 Italian film based on the TV series * '' Boris: The Rise of Boris Johnson'', a 2006 biography by Andrew Gim ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Russian War Drama Films Russian(s) refers to anything related to Russia, including: Russians (, ''russkiye''), an ethnic group of the East Slavic peoples, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries Rossiyane (), Russian language term for all citizens and people of Russia, regardless of ethnicity Russophone, Russian-speaking person (, ''russkogovoryashchy'', ''russkoyazychny'') Russian language, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages Russian alphabet Russian cuisine Russian culture Russian studies Russian may also refer to: Russian dressing ''The Russians'', a book by Hedrick Smith Russian (comics), fictional Marvel Comics supervillain from ''The Punisher'' series Russian (solitaire), a card game * "Russians" (song), from the album ''The Dream of the Blue Turtles'' by Sting "Russian", from the album ''Tubular Bells 2003'' by Mike Oldfield "Russian", from the album '' '' by Caravan Palace Nik Russian, the perpetrator of a con committed in 2002 The South African name for a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Soviet War Drama Films The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national republics; in practice, both its government and its economy were highly centralized until its final years. It was a one-party state governed by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, with the city of Moscow serving as its capital as well as that of its largest and most populous republic: the Russian SFSR. Other major cities included Leningrad (Russian SFSR), Kiev (Ukrainian SSR), Minsk (Byelorussian SSR), Tashkent (Uzbek SSR), Alma-Ata (Kazakh SSR), and Novosibirsk (Russian SFSR). It was the largest country in the world, covering over and spanning eleven time zones. The country's roots lay in the October Revolution of 1917, when the Bolsheviks, under the leadership of Vladimir Lenin, overthrew the Russian Provisional Government that ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Russian Black-and-white Films Russian(s) refers to anything related to Russia, including: Russians (, ''russkiye''), an ethnic group of the East Slavic peoples, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries Rossiyane (), Russian language term for all citizens and people of Russia, regardless of ethnicity Russophone, Russian-speaking person (, ''russkogovoryashchy'', ''russkoyazychny'') Russian language, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages Russian alphabet Russian cuisine Russian culture Russian studies Russian may also refer to: Russian dressing ''The Russians'', a book by Hedrick Smith Russian (comics), fictional Marvel Comics supervillain from ''The Punisher'' series Russian (solitaire), a card game Russians (song), "Russians" (song), from the album ''The Dream of the Blue Turtles'' by Sting "Russian", from the album ''Tubular Bells 2003'' by Mike Oldfield "Russian", from the album ''Robot Face, '' by Caravan Palace Nik Russian, the perpetrator of a con committed in 2002 Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Russian Biographical Drama Films Russian(s) refers to anything related to Russia, including: Russians (, ''russkiye''), an ethnic group of the East Slavic peoples, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries Rossiyane (), Russian language term for all citizens and people of Russia, regardless of ethnicity Russophone, Russian-speaking person (, ''russkogovoryashchy'', ''russkoyazychny'') Russian language, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages Russian alphabet Russian cuisine Russian culture Russian studies Russian may also refer to: Russian dressing ''The Russians'', a book by Hedrick Smith Russian (comics), fictional Marvel Comics supervillain from ''The Punisher'' series Russian (solitaire), a card game * "Russians" (song), from the album ''The Dream of the Blue Turtles'' by Sting "Russian", from the album ''Tubular Bells 2003'' by Mike Oldfield "Russian", from the album '' '' by Caravan Palace Nik Russian, the perpetrator of a con committed in 2002 The South African name for a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Soviet Biographical Drama Films The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national republics; in practice, both its government and its economy were highly centralized until its final years. It was a one-party state governed by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, with the city of Moscow serving as its capital as well as that of its largest and most populous republic: the Russian SFSR. Other major cities included Leningrad (Russian SFSR), Kiev (Ukrainian SSR), Minsk (Byelorussian SSR), Tashkent (Uzbek SSR), Alma-Ata (Kazakh SSR), and Novosibirsk (Russian SFSR). It was the largest country in the world, covering over and spanning eleven time zones. The country's roots lay in the October Revolution of 1917, when the Bolsheviks, under the leadership of Vladimir Lenin, overthrew the Russian Provisional Government tha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	1940s War Drama Films Year 194 ( CXCIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Septimius and Septimius (or, less frequently, year 947 ''Ab urbe condita''). The denomination 194 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire * Emperor Septimius Severus and Decimus Clodius Septimius Albinus Caesar become Roman Consuls. * Battle of Issus: Septimius Severus marches with his army (12 legions) to Cilicia, and defeats Pescennius Niger, Roman governor of Syria. Pescennius retreats to Antioch, and is executed by Severus' troops. * Septimius Severus besieges Byzantium (194–196); the city walls suffer extensive damage. Asia * Battle of Yan Province: Warlords Cao Cao and Lü Bu fight for control over Yan Province; the battle lasts for over 100 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	1940s Biographical Drama Films Year 194 ( CXCIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Septimius and Septimius (or, less frequently, year 947 '' Ab urbe condita''). The denomination 194 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire * Emperor Septimius Severus and Decimus Clodius Septimius Albinus Caesar become Roman Consuls. * Battle of Issus: Septimius Severus marches with his army (12 legions) to Cilicia, and defeats Pescennius Niger, Roman governor of Syria. Pescennius retreats to Antioch, and is executed by Severus' troops. * Septimius Severus besieges Byzantium (194–196); the city walls suffer extensive damage. Asia * Battle of Yan Province: Warlords Cao Cao and Lü Bu fight for control over Yan Province; the battle lasts for over 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	1944 Drama Films Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 2 – WWII: Free France, Free French General Jean de Lattre de Tassigny is appointed to command First Army (France), French Army B, part of the Sixth United States Army Group in North Africa. Landing at Saidor: 13,000 US and Australian troops land on Papua New Guinea, in an attempt to cut off a Japanese retreat. * January 8 – WWII: Philippine Commonwealth troops enter the province of Ilocos Sur in northern Luzon and attack Japanese forces. * January 11 President of the United States Franklin D. Roosevelt proposes a Second Bill of Rights for social and economic security, in his State of the Union address. The Nazi German administration expands Kraków-Płaszów concentration camp into the larger standalone ''Konzentrationslager Plaszow bei Krakau'' in occupied Poland. * January 12 – WWII: Winston Churchill and Charles de Gaulle begin a 2-day conference in Marrakech ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	1944 Films The year 1944 in film involved some significant events, including the wholesome, award-winning ''Going My Way'' plus popular murder mysteries such as ''Double Indemnity'', ''Gaslight'' and '' Laura''. Top-grossing films (U.S.) The top ten 1944 released films by box office gross in North America are as follows: Events March 10 – MGM's ''A Guy Named Joe'', starring Spencer Tracy and Irene Dunne, is released nationally in the United States. May 3 – The film ''Going My Way'', directed by Leo McCarey and starring Bing Crosby and Barry Fitzgerald, premieres in New York City. The highest-grossing picture of the year, it goes on to win a total of seven Academy Awards, including Best Picture, Best Director for McCary, Best Actor for Crosby and Best Original Song for "Swinging on a Star". May 13 – Dale Evans appears in her first film with future husband, Roy Rogers – '' Cowboy and the Senorita''. July 20 – ''Since You Went Away'' is released. August 16–September 11 � ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]