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Zjednoczenie Chrześcijańsko-Narodowe
The Christian National Union (, ZChN)Maher (2004), p. 3458 was a Christian-democratic and nationalist political party in Poland. Established on 15 September 1989, the party traced its tradition to the Solidarity movement (both the trade union and the Solidarity Citizens' Committee), as well as pre-World War II National Democracy and Polish Christian Democratic Party. The party adhered to the Christian right, advocating social conservatism. From its foundation until 1994, the party was led by Wiesław Chrzanowski, who was Marshal of the Sejm in 1991–1993. History The ZChN was part of the Alliance for Poland, along with the Centre Agreement, and participated in all the governments from 1989 to 1993. In the 1991 parliamentary election the party obtained 8.7% of the votes. In the subsequent 1993 parliamentary election the ZChN, running under formed a broader electoral list and won 6.4% of the votes, falling short of the 8% electoral threshold for coalitions. In 1996, the party ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wiesław Chrzanowski
Wiesław Marian Chrzanowski (, 20 December 1923 – 29 April 2012) was a Polish politician and lawyer; from 1991 to 1993 he was Marshal of the Sejm.Posłowie I kadencji 1991 - 1993 (Delegates of 1st Session, 1991-1993), Sejm of Poland/ref> He was a recipient of the Order of the White Eagle (Poland), Order of the White Eagle. Chrzanowski was born and died in Warsaw, Poland. During World War II he was a member of the Polish anti-Nazi resistance organization, the Home Army. He finished a law degree at a secret underground university in 1945. During the second half of the 1970s he became associated with the opposition to the communist government in Poland. He helped to draft the statutes establishing the Solidarity trade union and later was the lawyer which guided the legal registration process of the organization. In 1989 he founded the Christian National Union (ZChN), party he chaired to 1994. During the 2011 Polish parliamentary election Parliamentary elections were held ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1993 Polish Parliamentary Election
Parliamentary elections were held in Poland on 19 September 1993. All 460 members of the Sejm and 100 senators of the Senate of Poland, Senate were elected. The elections were won by the left-wing parties of the Democratic Left Alliance (Poland), Democratic Left Alliance and the Polish People's Party, who formed a coalition government. The coalition was just four seats short of a supermajority. Electoral law Changes to the electoral law adopted in the spring of 1993 made medium and large groups be rewarded as a result of division of seats in the D'Hondt method and electoral thresholds were introduced: 5% for parties, 7% for national lists and 8% for Electoral alliance, electoral blocs. Campaign The sudden dissolution of the First Term Sejm meant that most parties were not prepared for the election campaign. The previous dispute between the post-Solidarity and post-communist camps gave way to conflicts within the former to a large extent. Under the influence of the divergence of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
League Of Polish Families
The League of Polish Families ( Polish: ''Liga Polskich Rodzin,'' , LPR) is a social conservative political party in Poland, with many far-right elements in the past. The party's original ideology was that of the National Democracy movement which was headed by Roman Dmowski, however, in 2006 its leader Roman Giertych distanced himself from that heritage. It was represented in the Polish parliament, forming part of the cabinet of Jarosław Kaczyński until the latter dissolved in September 2007. In the 2007 parliamentary election, it failed to gain the 5% threshold required to enter the Sejm and lost all its seats, even failing to cross the 3% threshold for eligibility to receive government funding. Since then, the party has become a minor political force, but continues to exist. The All-Polish Youth used to be affiliated with the party as its youth wing, but these two organisations later severed their relations. History The LPR was created just before the elections in 2001 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Law And Justice (Poland)
Law and Justice ( , PiS) is a right-wing populist and national-conservative political party in Poland. The party is a member of European Conservatives and Reformists Group. Its chairman has been Jarosław Kaczyński since 18 January 2003. It was founded in 2001 by Jarosław and Lech Kaczyński as a direct successor of the Centre Agreement after it split from the Solidarity Electoral Action (AWS). It won the 2005 parliamentary and presidential elections, after which Lech became the president of Poland. It headed a parliamentary coalition with the League of Polish Families and Self-Defence of the Republic of Poland between 2005 and the 2007 election. It placed second and they remained in the parliamentary opposition until 2015. It regained the presidency in the 2015 election, and later won a majority of seats in the parliamentary election. They retained the positions following the 2019 and 2020 election, but lost their majority following the 2023 Polish parliam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Civic Platform
The Civic Platform (, PO)The party is officially the Civic Platform of the Republic of Poland (''Platforma Obywatelska Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej''). is a Centre-right politics, centre-right liberal conservative political party in Poland. Since 2021, it has been led by Donald Tusk, who previously led it from 2003 to 2014 and was President of the European Council from 2014 to 2019. It was formed in 2001 by splinter factions from the Solidarity Electoral Action, the Freedom Union (Poland), Freedom Union and the Conservative People's Party (Poland), Conservative People's Party, and it later placed second in the 2001 Polish parliamentary election. It remained at the opposition until the 2007 Polish parliamentary election, 2007 Polish parliamentary opposition, when it overtook Law and Justice, won 209 seats, and Tusk was elected as prime minister of Poland, Prime Minister of Poland. Following the Smolensk air disaster in 2010, Bronisław Komorowski served as acting president of Poland ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2001 Polish Parliamentary Election
Parliamentary elections were held in Poland on 23 September 2001. All 460 members of the Sejm and 100 senators of the Senate were elected. The election concluded with an overwhelming victory for the centre-left Democratic Left Alliance – Labor Union, the electoral coalition between the Democratic Left Alliance (SLD) and the Labour Union (UP), which captured 41% of the vote in the crucial lower house Sejm. The 2001 election is recognized as marking the emergence of both Civic Platform (PO) and Law and Justice (PiS) as players in Polish politics, while also witnessing the outright collapse of the Solidarity Electoral Action (AWS) and its former coalition partner, the Freedom Union (UW). Voter turnout for the 2001 election was 46% The 2001 election featured heavy redistricting owing to local government reforms passed in 1998. For this election only, list seats were allocated using the Sainte-Laguë method instead of the D'Hondt method. Background At the end of its four-year te ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conservative People's Party (Poland)
The Conservative People's Party (, SKL) was a liberal-conservative and Christian-democratic political party in Poland, which was active in 1997–2003 and 2007–2014. In 2014, the party was incorporated into Poland Together. History The party was formed in January 1997 with the merger of some minor Christian-democratic party and a conservative faction of the liberal Freedom Union, the latter led by Jan Rokita. The party soon joined the centre-right Solidarity Electoral Action coalition and was subsequently part of it in the 1997 parliamentary election. The coalition won 33.8% of the vote and 201 seats in the Sejm, 14 of which were SKL members, notably including Rokita and Bronislaw Komorowski. Within the coalition, the SKL represented the more liberal wing. In the 2000 presidential election, Marian Krzaklewski was the coalition's official candidate and won 15.6% of the vote, but a large chunk of the coalition, especially SKL members, had supported the independent candidat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polish Christian Democratic Agreement
The Polish Christian Democratic Agreement (, PPChD) was a Christian-democratic political party in Poland.http://archiwumpartiipolitycznych.pl/inwentarz/ppchd History The PPChD was formed in September 1999 by the merger of the bigger faction of the Centre Agreement and two minor parties affiliated to the Solidarity Electoral Action coalition: the Party of Christian Democrats and the Movement for the Republic. Antoni Tokarczuk was elected president of the PPChD and he would be soon appointed to the office of the Minister of the Environment in the cabinet of Jerzy Buzek. Janusz Steinhoff, Minister of Economy, also joined the party. Other leaders included Paweł Łączkowski, Krzysztof Tchórzewski, Andrzej Kozioł, Jan Rejczak, Mieczysław Gil and Teresa Liszcz. In January 2001 the Solidarity Electoral Action became a federation and the PPChD became one of its member parties. In the 2001 parliamentary election the coalition failed to cross the 8% electoral threshold for coaliti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Social Movement
A social movement is either a loosely or carefully organized effort by a large group of people to achieve a particular goal, typically a Social issue, social or Political movement, political one. This may be to carry out a social change, or to resist or undo one. It is a type of Group action (sociology), group action and may involve individuals, organizations, or both. Social movements have been described as "organizational structures and strategies that may empower oppressed populations to mount effective challenges and resist the more powerful and advantaged elites". They represent a method of social change from the bottom within nations. On the other hand, some social movements do not aim to make society more egalitarian, but to maintain or amplify existing power relationships. For example, scholars have described fascism as a social movement. Political science and sociology have developed a variety of theories and empirical research on social movements. For example, some resea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jerzy Buzek
Jerzy Karol Buzek (; born 3 July 1940) is a Polish politician and former Member of the European Parliament from Poland. He has served as Prime Minister of Poland from 1997 to 2001, since being elected to the European Parliament in 2004, he served as President of the European Parliament between 2009 and 2012. He is married to Ludgarda Buzek and is the father of Polish actress Agata Buzek. Early years Jerzy Karol Buzek was born to a Lutheran family on 3 July 1940 in Smilovice, Czechoslovakia (at the time part of Nazi Germany and called ''Smilowitz''). He was born into the prominent Buzek family, which participated in Polish politics in the Second Polish Republic during the interbellum. The family was part of the Polish community in the Trans-Olza region. Buzek's father was an engineer. After the Second World War, his family moved to Chorzów. He is a Lutheran. Professional career In 1963 Jerzy Buzek graduated from the Mechanics-and-Energy Division of the Silesian Univ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cabinet Of Jerzy Buzek
Cabinet of Jerzy Buzek was appointed on 31 October 1997 and passed the vote of confidence on 11 November 1997. The Cabinet {{Polish Cabinets Buzek, Jerzy Cabinet of Jerzy Buzek 1997 establishments in Poland 2001 disestablishments in Poland Cabinets established in 1997 Cabinets disestablished in 2001 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sejm
The Sejm (), officially known as the Sejm of the Republic of Poland (), is the lower house of the bicameralism, bicameral parliament of Poland. The Sejm has been the highest governing body of the Third Polish Republic since the Polish People's Republic, transition of government in 1989. Along with the upper house of parliament, the Senate of Poland, Senate, it forms the national legislature in Poland known as Parliament of Poland#National Assembly, National Assembly (). The Sejm comprises 460 Member of parliament, deputies (singular or ) elected every four years by Universal suffrage, universal ballot. The Sejm is presided over by a Speaker of parliament, speaker, the "Marshal of the Sejm" (). In the Kingdom of Poland (1385–1569), Kingdom of Poland, the term ''Sejm'' referred to an entire two-Chambers of parliament, chamber parliament, comprising the Chamber of Deputies (), the Senate and the King. It was thus a three-estate parliament. The 1573 Henrician Articles strengthe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
