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Zhangxin Qaghan
)''Blessed at Moon God, Courageous, Glorious, Wise Qaghan'', birth_name=Yaoluoge Hu (藥羅葛胡), religion=, posthumous name=Zhangxin Qaghan () or Alp Külüg Bilge Qaghan was the eleventh ruler of Uyghurs. His personal name was Yaoluoge Hu (藥羅葛胡). He succeeded his uncle in 833. Reign Chinese records state that he sent an embassy lead by Princess Taihe to Tang, accompanied with 7 women horse-archers and two Shatuo captives on 16 June 835. His peace policy with China proved him an unpopular ruler. This led to a rebellion in 839 by the Sogdian official An Yunhe (安允合) and Uyghur minister Chai Lei (柴勒). Qaghan was able to defeat and kill them, but a subsequent battle against another Uyghur official, general Jueluowu (掘羅勿) along with the Shatuo chief Zhuye Chixin was lost. Zhangxin committed suicide following the battle.{{Cite book, title=Tang China and the collapse of the Uighur Empire : a documentary history, last=Drompp, Michael Robert, 1953-, date=2005 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zhaoli Qaghan
Zhaoli Qaghan (昭禮可汗) was tenth ruler of Uyghurs. His personal name was recorded as Yaoluoge Hesa (藥羅葛曷薩) in Chinese sources. His Uyghur name could be Qasar or Xazar. Background He was a younger brother of Chongde and a son of Baoyi Qaghan. He was a ''tegin'' during his brother's and father's reign and styled as Hesa Teqin (曷薩特勤). He succeeded his brother in 824. Reign Upon his enthronement, he received 12 chariots as gift and 500000 pieces of silk as a trade for horses from Emperor Wenzong of Tang. He received additional tribute of 200000 pieces of silk in 827. Another tribute was recorded in 829. He was murdered in early 833 by his ministers, who made his nephew Hu Tegin, to succeed him as Zhangxin Qaghan. Mourning ceremony in Chang'an Chang'an (; ) is the traditional name of Xi'an. The site had been settled since Neolithic times, during which the Yangshao culture was established in Banpo, in the city's suburbs. Furthermore, in the northern vic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qasar Qaghan
Qasar Qaghan () was the twelfth qaghan of Uyghurs. Reign According to Japanese researcher Haneda Toru ( 羽田亨) he was the same person as Uyghur general Jueluowu (掘羅勿) who rebelled against Zhangxin Qaghan. However, according to Michael Drompp, Qasar was a puppet ruler who was raised to the throne by Jueluowu. In any case his reign was very brief. Against usurpation, Uyghur general Külüg Bagha ({{Lang-zh, c=句禄莫和, s=, t=, p=Jùlù Mòhé) fled to Yenisei Kyrgyz and appealed for help. Apart from war, there was a major plague and major snow storm, causing great deaths of the Uyghur livestock and leading to its sudden decline of the state. Using opportunity, Külüg Bagha and 100000 Kyrgyz forces invaded Ordu-Baliq and burned the city. Qasar and Jueluowu were killed by a Kyrgyz leader titled Ā-rè (阿熱; Middle Chinese: /ʔɑ-ȵiᴇt̚/ He claimed the qaghanal title after t .... References 840 deaths 9th-century monarchs in Asia 9th-century murdered monarc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ädiz Clan
, other_names= zh, c=阿跌, p=Ādiē, region=, founder=, dissolution=848, other_families=Yaglakar clan The Ädiz clan was the second imperial clan of the Uyghur Khaganate. Tribe The Ädiz clan was originally a member of the Tiele Confederation and not a Uyghur subtribe; Chinese sources listed Ädiz (阿跌 Ädiē) as the 14th of, at least, 15 named Tiele tribes. They were living on shores of Syr Darya during the 7th century. They later migrated to near Baikal lake, and became part of Xueyantuo during the reign of Zhenzhu Khan. After their submission to the Tang dynasty, they were appointed to Jitian Prefecture (雞田州) — one of the prefectures that the Tang dynasty established for the settlement of Tiele tribes that submitted to the Tang during the reign of Emperor Taizong in the Hequ (河曲, i.e., the Ordos Desert region). Their chieftain Ädie Liangchen (阿跌良臣, literally: "Good Minister from the Ädiz") and his tribal army were part of the army of Shuofang ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yaglakar Clan
, other_names= zh, c=藥羅葛 , p=Yàoluógé , region= , image = Yaglakar clan tamga.png , image_caption = Tamga of Yaglakar , founder=Bezgek Yaglakar Khan (Mythical) , dissolution=795 , other_families=Ädiz clan The Yaglakar clan was the first imperial clan of the Uyghur Khaganate. Descendants of the Yaglakar clan would later establish the Ganzhou Uyghur Kingdom. Origin The clan was named after a mythical founder Yaglakar Khan or Buk Khan (卜可汗). Initially a part of Tiele Confederation, they carried the hereditary title ''elteber'' later as subjects of the Tang dynasty. The first known member of the clan was Tegin Irkin (特健俟斤 *''dək̚-ɡɨɐnH ʒɨX-kɨn'' > ''Tèjiàn Sìjīn''). Chiefs of the clan Khagans By the death of Yaoluoge Achuo in 795, the main line of the Yaglakar clan ceased to exist. However, successive khagans adopted the Yaglakar surname for prestige. The rest of the clan members were exiled to the Tang capital Chang'an. An epitaph wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chongde Qaghan
Chongde Qaghan or Küçlüg Bilge Qaghan was the ninth ruler of Uyghurs. His personal name is not known, therefore he is often referred as his Tang dynasty invested title Chongde (Chinese: 崇德可汗; literally: 'Honoring virtue') which was invested on 26 May 821. Reign Upon his accession, he sent a delegation including a number of officials and two Uyghur princesses, along with a bride price of horses and camels to Muzong in order to seek a Tang Princess. Muzong agreed and sent Princess Taihe with a grand delegation. She was escorted by the general Hu Zheng (胡証), assisted by the other officials Li Xian (李憲) and Yin You (殷侑). They did not arrive at Uyghur capital until 822. Princess Taihe was later created Renxiao Duanli Mingzhi Shangshou Khatun (人小椴黎明之上首可敦) by Muzong. He was visited by Muslim traveller Tamim ibn Bahr after his marriage. According to Tamim's notes, he had a personal army of 12000 with 17 subordinates each having 13000 soldiers. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Uyghur Khaganate
The Uyghur Khaganate (also Uyghur Empire or Uighur Khaganate, self defined as Toquz-Oghuz country; otk, 𐱃𐰆𐰴𐰕:𐰆𐰍𐰕:𐰉𐰆𐰑𐰣, Toquz Oγuz budun, Tang-era names, with modern Hanyu Pinyin: or ) was a Turkic empire that existed for about a century between the mid 8th and 9th centuries. They were a tribal confederation under the Orkhon Uyghur () nobility, referred to by the Chinese as the ''Jiu Xing'' ("Nine Clans"), a calque of the name ''Toquz Oghuz'' or ''Toquz Tughluq''. History Rise In 657, the Western Turkic Khaganate was defeated by the Tang dynasty, after which the Uyghurs defected to the Tang. Prior to this the Uyghurs had already shown an inclination towards alliances with the Tang when they fought with them against the Tibetan Empire and Turks in 627. In 742, the Uyghurs, Karluks, and Basmyls rebelled against the Second Turkic Khaganate. In 744, the Basmyls captured the Turk capital of Ötüken and killed the reigning Özmiş Khagan. Later t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Princess Taihe
Princess Taihe (太和公主, personal name unknown), later known as Princess Ding'an (定安公主) or Princess Anding (安定公主), was a princess of the History of China, Chinese Tang Dynasty and a Khatun (empress) of Huigu. She was married to Huige's Chongde Khan as part of the Heqin system of marriages between Tang princesses and Huigu khans, but suffered through Huigu's subsequent collapse before being welcomed back to the Tang court. Background and entry into marriage It is not known when Princess Taihe was born, although it is known that she was a daughter of Emperor Xianzong of Tang, Emperor Xianzong (r. 805–820) and Emperor Xianzong's wife Empress Dowager Guo (Tang dynasty), Consort Guo, and that she was younger than her full brother Emperor Muzong of Tang, Li Heng,''Zizhi Tongjian'', :zh:s:資治通鑑/卷241, vol. 241. who was born in 795. She was Emperor Xianzong's 10th daughter over all.''Old Book of Tang''vol. 195. Late in Emperor Xianzong's reign, Huigu, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tang Dynasty
The Tang dynasty (, ; zh, t= ), or Tang Empire, was an Dynasties in Chinese history, imperial dynasty of China that ruled from 618 to 907 AD, with an Zhou dynasty (690–705), interregnum between 690 and 705. It was preceded by the Sui dynasty and followed by the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. Historians generally regard the Tang as a high point in Chinese civilization, and a Golden age (metaphor), golden age of cosmopolitan culture. Tang territory, acquired through the military campaigns of its early rulers, rivaled that of the Han dynasty. The House of Li, Lǐ family () founded the dynasty, seizing power during the decline and collapse of the Sui Empire and inaugurating a period of progress and stability in the first half of the dynasty's rule. The dynasty was formally interrupted during 690–705 when Empress Wu Zetian seized the throne, proclaiming the Zhou dynasty (690–705), Wu Zhou dynasty and becoming the only legitimate Chinese empress regnant. The devast ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shatuo
The Shatuo, or the Shatuo Turks (; also transcribed as Sha-t'o, Sanskrit SartZuev Yu.A., ''"Horse Tamgas from Vassal Princedoms (Translation of Chinese composition "Tanghuyao" of 8-10th centuries)"'', Kazakh SSR Academy of Sciences, Alma-Ata, I960, p. 127 (In Russian)) were a Turkic tribe that heavily influenced northern Chinese politics from the late ninth century through the tenth century. They are noted for founding three, Later Tang, Later Jin, and Later Han, of the five dynasties and one, Northern Han, of the ten kingdoms during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. The Northern Han would later be conquered by the Song dynasty. After which, they mostly disappeared as an ethnic group and assimilated into the Han Chinese ethnicity. Origins Chuyue The Shatuo tribe were descended mainly from the Western Turkic Chuyue tribe, who in turn belonged to a group of four Chuy tribes, collectively known as Yueban. The Yueban state survived to the end of the 480s when its indep ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Li Guochang
Li Guochang () (died 887Both the ''New Book of Tang'', vol. 218 and the ''Zizhi Tongjian'', vol. 256 gave Li Guochang's death date as 887 (i.e., the third year of the ''Guangqi'' era), so that date will be used here, as the '' History of the Five Dynasties'', vol. 25 and the ''New History of the Five Dynasties'', vol. 4, which gave a contrary 883 (i.e., the third year of ''Zhonghe'' era), appeared to contradict the available chronology of the career of Li Guochang's son Li Keyong.), né Zhuye Chixin (朱邪赤心), courtesy name Dexing (德興), posthumously honored by the Later Tang dynasty as Emperor Wenjing (文景皇帝) with the temple name of Xianzu (獻祖), was a Chinese general of Shatuo ethnicity during the waning years of the Tang dynasty. Background Zhuye Chixin's ancestors had been hereditary chiefs of the Shatuo tribe, and, after they had come under the rule of Tubo and settled at the formerly-Tang dynasty-controlled Gan Prefecture (甘州, in modern Zhangye, Gan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
839 Deaths
__NOTOC__ Year 839 ( DCCCXXXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * Prince Sicard of Benevento is assassinated by a conspiracy among the nobility. He is succeeded by Radelchis I, chief army officer and treasurer of Sicard, who proclaims himself ruler of Benevento. He imprisons Siconulf, heir and brother of Sicard, in Taranto. But Amalfitan merchants, led by Landulf I, the ''gastald'' of Capua, and with the support of Guaifer, rescue him from prison. Siconulf is proclaimed prince of Salerno, and a civil war erupts, which splits the Lombard principality in Southern Italy. * Third Civil War: King Louis the German, grandson of Charlemagne, invades Swabia. His nephew, Pepin II of Aquitaine, and his Gascon subjects, conquer territory all the way to the Loire. * May 20 — Thirteen months before his death, Louis the Pious, successor to his father Charlemagne, consents to the divis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
