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Zail, British India
Zail was a revenue and administrative unit, extending between forty and hundred villages, under an officer in charge Zaildar in the colonial rural administration of Punjab in British India. The system was abolished in 1952. Demarcation of Zail Each Tehsil was subdivided in to several Zails.C.A.H. TownsendFinal report of thirds revised revenue settlement of Hisar district from 1905-1910 Gazetteer of Department of Revenue and Disaster Management, Haryana. Zail was a grouping of villages. Tehsils, zails and village were headed by the tehsildar, zaildar and muqaddam. Mqaddam was usually a prominent chaudhury who was appointed as numbardar of the village, villages with large revenue land had more than one numberdar. Zail were established and demarcated by the District collector during the land revenue settlement exercise. Settlement officer, with advice from the District collector and by the final approval of the state's Financial Commissioner, appointed a ''Zaildar'' to each ''Zail'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zaildar
Zaildar was the title of the grand jagirdars (landlords) of the area, who were in charge of a Zail which was an administrative unit of group of villages during the British Indian Empire. The Settlement Officer, with the advice of the Deputy Commissioner, was responsible for appointing Zaildars from amongst the men of the tribe or the area, thus reinforcing his preexisting social authority with the official sanction as the representative of the government.1930Punjab Settlement Manual Punjab Government publications, point 235 and 578-282 on page 115, 272-273.Tan Tai Yong, 2005"The Garrison State: The military, government and society in Colonial Punjab, 1849 - 1947." SAGE Publications, page 118-119, . Each Zail was an administrative unit, extending between 40 to 100 villages.The Indian Making of mewat, Ismail khan, Permanent Black Each village was headed by the Lambardar who was assisted by the Safedposh Zamindars (influential landlords or white collar gentry) of the village. Zail ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
British Raj
The British Raj (; from Hindi ''rāj'': kingdom, realm, state, or empire) was the rule of the British Crown on the Indian subcontinent; * * it is also called Crown rule in India, * * * * or Direct rule in India, * Quote: "Mill, who was himself employed by the British East India company from the age of seventeen until the British government assumed direct rule over India in 1858." * * and lasted from 1858 to 1947. * * The region under British control was commonly called India in contemporaneous usage and included areas directly administered by the United Kingdom, which were collectively called British India, and areas ruled by indigenous rulers, but under British paramountcy, called the princely states. The region was sometimes called the Indian Empire, though not officially. As ''India'', it was a founding member of the League of Nations, a participating nation in the Summer Olympics in 1900, 1920, 1928, 1932, and 1936, and a founding member of the United Nations in San F ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zamindar
A zamindar ( Hindustani: Devanagari: , ; Persian: , ) in the Indian subcontinent was an autonomous or semiautonomous ruler of a province. The term itself came into use during the reign of Mughals and later the British had begun using it as a native synonym for “estate”. The term means ''land owner'' in Persian. Typically hereditary, from whom they reserved the right to collect tax on behalf of imperial courts or for military purposes. During the period of British colonial rule in India many wealthy and influential zamindars were bestowed with princely and royal titles such as ''maharaja'' (great king), ''raja/rai'' (king) and ''nawab''. During the Mughal Empire, zamindars belonged to the nobility and formed the ruling class. Emperor Akbar granted them mansabs and their ancestral domains were treated as jagirs. Some zamindars who were Hindu by religion and brahmin or kayastha or kshatriya by caste were converted into Muslims by the Mughals. During the colonial era, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sarpanch
A sarpanch ( IAST: ''Sarpañch'' Hindi: ''सरपंच'') or Gram Pradhan or Mukhiya is a decision-maker, elected by the village-level constitutional body of local self-government called the Gram Sabha (village government) in India. The Sarpanch, together with other elected panchayat members (referred to as ''ward panch''), constitute gram panchayats and zilla panchayats. The sarpanch is the focal point of contact between government officers and the village community and retains power for five years. Meaning of ''sarpanch'' Sar, meaning head, and panch meaning five, gives the meaning ''head of the five decision makers of the gram panchyat'' of the village. In the state of West Bengal, a Sarpanch is called as Panchayat Pradhan (Pradhan means Chief) and his deputy as Panchyat Upa-Pradhan. Roles and Responsibilities Sarpanch is bestowed with following roles and responsibilities: * To conduct meetings of Gram Sabha excluding Social Audit of Gram Sabha. * To maintain record ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lambardar
Numbardar or Lambardar ( hi, नम्बरदार, pnb, ਲੰਬੜਦਾਰ, لمبردار, ur, لمبردار or نمبردار, bn, লম্বরদার/নম্বরদার, Lombordar/Nombordar) is a title in the Indian subcontinent which applies to powerful families of zamindars of the village revenue estate, a state-privileged status which is hereditary and has wide-ranging governmental powers share in it, the collaboration with the police for maintaining law and order in the village, and it comes with the associated social prestige. In contrast, the Zaildar who was the grand jagirdar and usually had the power over 40 to 100 villages. The Zail and Zaildar system of British Raj was abolished in 1952 in India but the lambardar system still continues in Pakistan and in some places in India. Etymology The compound word ''numberdar'' is composed of the English word ''number'' (such as a certain number or percentage of the land revenue) and ''dar'' (در from the P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mankari
Mankari (Mānkari or Maankari) is a hereditary title used by Maratha nobles and troops from the Indian subcontinent who held land grants, and cash allowances. They held an official position at the Darbar (court) and were entitled to certain ceremonial honours and presents rendered at courts, councils, weddings, festivals, village assemblies, etc. They were worthy of distinction and the honour bestowed upon them was the result of the military, bureaucratic or fiscal importance of them or their distinguished ancestors. The term was widely used by Maratha nobility, who held important positions in various princely states of the Maratha Empire. See also *Maratha Empire *Maratha titles *Indian honorifics *Indian feudalism *Sardar * Jagirdar *Zamindar *Princely state *Salute state *List of Indian Princely States *List of Maratha dynasties and states This is a list of Maratha dynasties and Maratha princely states. Historical Maratha dynasties with original clans spread globally ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gram Panchayat
Gram Panchayat () is a basic village-governing institute in Indian villages. It is a democratic structure at the grass-roots level in India. It is a political institute, acting as cabinet of the village. The Gram Sabha work as the general body of the Gram Panchayat. The members of the Gram Panchayat are elected by the Gram Sabha. There are about 250,000+ Gram Panchayats in India. History Established in various states of India, the Panchayat Raj system has three tiers: Zila Parishad, at the district level; Panchayat Samiti, at the block level; and Gram Panchayat, at the village level. Rajasthan was the first state to establish Gram Panchayat, Bagdari Village (Nagaur District) being the first village where Gram Panchayat was established, on 2 October 1959. The failed attempts to deal with local matters at the national level caused, in 1992, the reintroduction of Panchayats for their previously used purpose as an organisation for local self-governance. Structure Gram P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indian Honorifics
Indian honorifics are honorific titles or appendices to names used in the Indian subcontinent, covering formal and informal social, commercial, and religious relationships. These may take the form of prefixes, suffixes or replacements. Native honorifics Honorifics with native/indigenous Hindu-Buddhist origin. Hindu-Sikh honorifics List of titles * Abhyasi * Acharya * Aasaan * Ayya * Baba * Babu * Bhagavan * Bhagat * Bhai * Chhatrapati * Chakravarti, Chakraborty * Chettiar, suffix denoting a man's wealth * Choudhury * Chempakaraman * Das, a common surname on the Indian subcontinent which has also been applied as a title, signifying "devotee" or "votary" (in the context of religion); also, Dasa * Devi * Deshmukh * Dvija * Gain or Gayen * Gossain * Guru * Jagadguru * Jagirdar * Kothari * Kumari * Kunwar, Kumar * Mahamandaleshwar * Mahant * Maharaj, Maharaja, Maharajadhiraj * Mahātmā * Maharani * Maharishi, Maharshi * Mahayogi, Mahayogini * Mankari * Mantrik * Melshan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indian Feudalism
Indian feudalism refers to the feudal society that made up India's social structure until the Mughal Dynasty in the 16th century. The Guptas and the Kushans played a major role in the introduction and practice of feudalism in India, and are examples of the decline of an empire caused by feudalism. Terminology Use of the term feudalism to describe India applies a concept of medieval European origin, according to which the landed nobility held lands from the Crown in exchange for military service, and vassals were in turn tenants of the nobles, while the peasants (villeins or serfs) were obliged to live on their lord's land and give him homage, labor, and a share of the produce, notionally in exchange for military protection. Feudalism is most likely introduced to India when the Kushan Dynasty from Central Asia invaded India and introduced new policies of their own. The term Indian feudalism is used to describe taluqdar, zamindar, jagirdar, ghatwals, mulraiyats, sardar, manka ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Zaildars By Zail
The Zaildar was the officer in charge of a Zail, a revenue and administrative unit in the colonial rural administration of Punjab in British India.Final Report of Revised Settlement, Hoshiarpur District, 1879-84 By J. A. L. Montgomery , comprising between two and forty villages. List of Zaildars Sardar Zaildar Nihal Singh Chatha Another revered Zaildar known for his youth and superiority was Sardar Zaildar Nihal Singh Chatha (of the Chatha Jatt tribe) who represented his Zail of 75 villages with great honour and responsibility.He was known to ride on a white horse along with 50 men on horseback behind him as he visited the villages allotted to him and he was famous for taking his men wherever he went. He was known to reside in a small village named Nurpur Chattha (situated near Jalandhar, Punjab) in his honour. The position was quite important as it extended the influence of the colonial state right into the villages. He used to listen to the problems of the public in a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Government Of India
The Government of India (ISO: ; often abbreviated as GoI), known as the Union Government or Central Government but often simply as the Centre, is the national government of the Republic of India, a federal democracy located in South Asia, consisting of 28 union states and eight union territories. Under the Constitution, there are three primary branches of government: the legislative, the executive and the judiciary, whose powers are vested in a bicameral Parliament, President, aided by the Council of Ministers, and the Supreme Court respectively. Through judicial evolution, the Parliament has lost its sovereignty as its amendments to the Constitution are subject to judicial intervention. Judicial appointments in India are unique in that the executive or legislature have negligible say. Etymology and history The Government of India Act 1833, passed by the British parliament, is the first such act of law with the epithet "Government of India". Basic structure The gover ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
