|
Yun Doo-su
Yun Du-su ( ko, 윤두수, 尹斗壽; 1533–1601) was a Korean scholar-official of the Joseon Kingdom. He was a politician, poet, writer, scholar, and part of the Yi Hwang school among Westerners (Hangul: 서인, Korean: Seoin). Among many other official positions, he served as Chief State Councillor during the reign of King Seonjo. His pen name was Oheum (오음, 梧陰), courtesy name was Jaang (자앙, 子仰). Early life Birth and family Yun Du-su was born in 1533 at Hansung. His father was Yun Byeon (윤변, 尹忭; 1493–1549), who was government official. There were half brothers Yun Dam-soo and Yun Chun-soo, who are about 20 years older than Yoon Doo-su, and Yun Geun-su, his younger brother, below them. His father was taught by Yu Woon and Jo Gwangjo. When the third literati purge of 1519 took place and Jo Gwangjo was imprisoned, he pleaded not guilty, and for this reason, he was called a partisan of Kimyo and rejected. His younger brother Yun Geun-su was also ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yun (Korean Name)
Yun (윤) is a common family name in Korea, which means "governor". The name is sometimes also transliterated as Yoon, Yune, Yiun, or Youn. According to the 2000 census, 948,600 people had the surname in South Korea. It derives from the Chinese character 尹 also used for the Chinese surname Yǐn and Doãn in Vietnam. Clans and history Papyeong clan The Papyeong (파평, 坡平) Yun clan, which has its seat in Papyeong-myeon, Paju City, is the most well-known and largest Yun clan. The 2000 South Korean census found 221,433 households claiming membership in the Papyeong clan, with a total population of 713,947. The clan's founding ancestor is General Yun Sin-dal, who assisted Wang Geon (later King Taejo) in founding the Goryeo Dynasty. Yoon Gwan was a renowned general in the Goryeo Dynasty. He helped form the Byeolmuban forces to fight and defeat the Jurchen tribes in 1107. In 2002, a mummified woman with an unborn fetus was discovered in the tomb of Yun Jeong-jeong, a m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Goryeo
Goryeo (; ) was a Korean kingdom founded in 918, during a time of national division called the Later Three Kingdoms period, that unified and ruled the Korean Peninsula until 1392. Goryeo achieved what has been called a "true national unification" by Korean historians as it not only unified the Later Three Kingdoms but also incorporated much of the ruling class of the northern kingdom of Balhae, who had origins in Goguryeo of the earlier Three Kingdoms of Korea. The name "Korea" is derived from the name of Goryeo, also spelled Koryŏ, which was first used in the early 5th century by Goguryeo. According to Korean historians, it was during the Goryeo period that the individual identities of Goguryeo, Baekje, and Silla were successfully merged into a single entity that became the basis of modern-day 'Korean' identity. Throughout its existence, Goryeo, alongside Unified Silla, was known to be the "Golden Age of Buddhism" in Korea. As the state religion, Buddhism achieved its highes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Seungjeongwon
The ''Seungjeongwon'' was the Royal Secretariat during the Joseon dynasty of Korea (1392–1910) in charge of receiving and delivering the king's order. The office was also called ''Jeongwon'', ''Huwon'', ''Eundae'', or ''Daeeonsa''. According to the ''Gyeongguk daejeon'' (Complete Codes of Law), the Seungjeongwon had six royal secretaries (''Seungji'' 承旨), whose ranks were in the 3rd senior grade, as well as two recorders (''juseo'' 注書). The duties of the royal secretaries were primarily to deliver the monarch's orders to government organizations (under the Joseon administrative system the monarch never delivered his orders directly to any government office) and to report on official affairs of the state organizations to the throne. The six secretary system is explained by the fact that the government of Joseon was composed of six boards (or ministries). The six secretaries served respectively the Boards of Personnel, War, Taxation, Rites, Works, and Punishment. However, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Myeongjong Of Joseon
Myeongjong of Joseon (3 July 1534 – 3 August 1567, r. 1545–1567) was the 13th king of the Joseon Dynasty of Korea. He was the second son of Jungjong, and his mother was Queen Munjeong, who was Jungjong's third queen. He became king in 1545 at the age of 12 following the death of his half-brother, Injong. Since he was too young to rule the kingdom, Queen Munjeong governed the nation in his name. Biography Political factions There were two political factions at the time Myeongjong came to power; Greater Yun, headed by Yun Im, Injong's maternal uncle, and Lesser Yun, headed by Myeongjong's maternal uncles, Yun Won-hyeong and Yun Wonro. (Yun Im and Yun Brothers were close relatives by that period's standards - Yun Im was a third cousin once removed of Yun Brothers.) Greater Yun took power in 1544, when Injong succeeded Jungjong; but they failed to wipe out their opposition, since Queen Munjeong protected the Lesser Yun faction and other opposition officials. After t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Queen Munjeong
Queen Munjeong (Hangul: 문정왕후, Hanja: 文定王后; 2 December 1501 – 5 May 1565), of the Papyeong Yun clan, was a posthumous name bestowed to the wife and third queen consort of Yi Yeok, King Jungjong. She was queen consort of Joseon from 1517 until her husband's death in 1544, after which she was honoured as Queen Dowager Seongryeol (성렬왕대비) during the reign of her step-son, Yi Ho, King Injong. She was honored as Grand Queen Dowager Seongryeol (성렬대왕대비) during the reign of her son, Yi Hwan, King Myeongjong. Queen Munjeong acted as regent during the minority of her son between 1545 and 1553. She was an effective administrator and the most influential supporter of Buddhism during the early Joseon dynasty. She gave out the land to the common people that had been formerly owned by the nobility. During her regency, her brother, Yun Won-hyeong, wielded enormous power to wipe out their opposition and led the Fourth Literati Purge of 1545. Life Early ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sungkyunkwan
Sungkyunkwan was the foremost educational institution in Korea during the late Goryeo and Joseon Dynasties. Today, it sits in its original location, at the south end of the Humanities and Social Sciences Campus of Sungkyunkwan University in Seoul, South Korea. Twice a year, in May and September, the ceremonial rite Seokjeon Daeje is performed in the Munmyo Shrine, to honor Confucius and the Confucian sages of China and Korea. Meaning of Sungkyunkwan *Sung ( RR: Seong) (성, 成) – accomplish, achieve. To become capable, successful or to win. “To perfect or develop human nature”. *Kyun ( RR: Gyun) (균, 均) – balance, to be. Strengthen culture according to social standards or norms. “To build a good society”. *Kwan ( RR: Gwan) (관, 館) – institute, academy, university. Predecessors of Sungkyunkwan *Taehak (태학, 太學, Great School) – founded in 372 during the reign of King Sosurim of Goguryeo *Gukhak (국학, 國學, National School) – founded in 682 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
State Council Of Joseon
The State Council of Joseon or Uijeongbu was the highest organ of government under the Joseon Dynasty of Korea. It was led by three officials known as the High State Councillors. The Councilors were entrusted to deliberate over key problems of state, advising the king, and conveying royal decisions to the Six Ministries. The Council was formed under the reign of Jeongjong, just before Taejong seized power in 1400. It replaced an earlier institution called the "Privy Council," which had been dominated by Jeong Dojeon and other key figures behind the dynasty's founding. The State Council gradually declined in importance over the 500 years of Joseon's rule. Finally, the Council was replaced by the cabinet in 1907, forced by Japanese intervention Today, there's a city which was named after this organ (Uijeongbu) in Gyeonggi-do. Structure The State Council comprised: * the Chief State Councilor (영의정 領議政), rank 1a * the Left and Right State Councilors (좌ㆍ우의정 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saheonbu
Saheonbu ( ko, 사헌부; Hanja: , ) administered inspections during Goryeo and Joseon dynasty in Korea. The organ inspected Hanyang, the capital, and periphery. It has several nicknames. It was also responsible for licensing officials, impeachment and legal inquiries, which also extends to the control of King's relatives. The strongest duty is to directly criticize king's order. Since the organ took charge of judicial responsibility for officials and the subjects, the ethos was strict. History The board of inspection actually began several centuries earlier. During Silla dynasty, the title was converted to Saganwon during the reign of Gongmin of Goryeo. Taejo of Joseon established the organ right after the foundation of Joseon Dynasty in 1392. The standard organization was 1 head officer and 12 officials with about 40 other bureaucrats. Responsibility # Regular meeting of royal court # Payment of national debts # Tributes #Gwageo The system began in China, where the organ pla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Six Ministries Of Joseon
The Six Ministries of Joseon were the major executive bodies of the Korean Joseon Dynasty. They included ministries of Personnel (''Ijo''), Taxation (''Hojo''), Rites (''Yejo''), Military Affairs (''Byeongjo''), Punishments (''Hyeongjo''), and Public works (''Gongjo''). History It was established in 1298. The ministries system of Joseon was similar in outline to that of the preceding Goryeo dynasty, but in practice, it had a big difference. While Goryeo had a ministrative policy where the King had the central power, in Joseon, the scholars and bureaucrats had greater control. The ministries were much more powerful under Joseon, and their importance grew as the dynasty wore on. In December 1895, after the First Sino-Japanese War and as a part of the Gabo Reform, a cabinet of seven ministries was modeled after the Japanese one, which had been established only ten years earlier. Composition See also * Joseon Dynasty politics * History of Korea * Six Ministries of the Nguyễn d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hongmungwan
Hongmungwan ( ko, 홍문관. ), or the Office of Special Advisors, was one of the Three Offices of Joseon; it acted as the Joseon dynasty's administrative and research agency. History Hongmungwan was one of the Three offices of Joseon, together with the Saheonbu and the Saganwon. It was also known as the ''Ok-dang'' (옥당, 玉堂), ''Ok-seo'' (옥서, 玉署), and ''Yeong-gak'' (영각, 瀛閣). It was established in 1463 to replace the Hall of Worthies (Jiphyeonjeon·집현전). The Hall of Worthies was the body originally tasked with answering the kings' questions, however it was abolished in 1456 by King Sejo; when many of its key officials (the "Six martyred ministers") became involved in an assassination plot in their effort to restore deposed king Danjong to the throne. The books stored in the Hall of Worthies were moved to Yemungwan. In 1463, the Jangseogak was renamed the Hongmungwan. In 1478, Hongmungwan was divided and reformed from Yemungwan. Hongmungwan main ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gwageo
The ''gwageo'' or ''kwago'' were the national civil service examinations under the Goryeo and Joseon dynasties of Korea. Typically quite demanding, these tests measured candidates' ability of writing composition and knowledge of the Chinese classics. The form of writing varied from literature to proposals on management of the state. Technical subjects were also tested to appoint experts on medicine, interpretation, accounting, law etc. These were the primary route for most people to achieve positions in the bureaucracy. Based on the civil service examinations of imperial China, the ''gwageo'' first arose in Unified Silla, gained importance in Goryeo, and were the centerpiece of most education in the Joseon dynasty. The tutelage provided at the hyanggyo, seowon, and Sungkyunkwan was aimed primarily at preparing students for the gwageo and their subsequent career in government service. Under Joseon law, high office was closed to those who were not children of officials of the s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Andong
Andong () is a city in South Korea, and the capital of North Gyeongsang Province. It is the largest city in the northern part of the province with a population of 167,821 as of October 2010. The Nakdong River flows through the city. Andong is a market centre for the surrounding agricultural areas. Since the 1970s Andong has developed rapidly, although the population has fallen by nearly seventy thousand as people have moved away to Seoul, Busan, Daegu and other urban centres. In the late 1990s and early 2000s it became a tourism and cultural center. Andong is known as a centre of culture and folk traditions. The surrounding area maintains many types of traditions and the Andong Folk Festival is held in mid October every year. One of the most famous aspects of these cultural festivities are the Andong masks. Andong National University, specialising in education and Korean folklore, has grown rapidly since the 1970s. Other tertiary institutions include Andong Science College and C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
