|
Yixiang
Aisin Gioro Yixiang (奕详; 15 March 1849 – 13 February 1886) was Jiaqing Emperor's grandson as the fifth son of Mianyu, Prince Huiduan of the First Rank and the second in the Prince Hui of the First Rank peerage. Life Yixiang was born on 15 March 1849 to Mianyu's second primary consort, lady Gūwalgiya, daughter of negotiator of the Tianjin treaty Guiliang. In his childhood, Yixiang was sent together with Yixun to the imperial study so as to accompany Tongzhi Emperor. According to the 1855 report, one of his tutors was Li Hongzao, who also tutored the underage emperor. Career In 1860, Yixiang was granted a title of Feng'en fuguo gong. He was promoted to Feng'en zhenguo gong next year. Upon the death of his father in 1864, Yixiang inherited the title as prince Hui of the Second Rank because the peerage was not granted perpetual inheritability. The proper promotion ceremony was organised after the 100-day period of mourning according to the tradition. On the 40th birthd ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mianyu
Aisin Gioro Mianyu ( 綿愉; 8 March 1814 – 9 January 1866) was Qing dynasty imperial prince as the fifth son of the Jiaqing Emperor and the first holder of the Prince Hui of the first rank title. As Prince Hui of the First Rank peerage was not granted iron-cap status, each successive bearer of the title would hold diminished rank vis-a-vis his predecessor. Life Mianyu was born on 8 March 1814 to Consort Ru in the Palace of Eternal Longevity. In 1820, shortly ater the death of Jiaqing Emperor in the Chengde Mountain Resort, Mianyu was granted a title of Prince Hui of the Second Rank (惠郡王) by Empress Dowager Gongci as the successor to the imperial throne has not been appointed. In 1830, he performed Grand Sacrifices together with Yiwei, while in 1835 he made sacrifices together with Yishao, Prince Ding of the First Rank. In 1839, Mianyu was promoted to the prince of the first rank. In 1840, he performed Grand Sacrificial Rites twice. Military career In 1851, Mianyu w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prince Hui (first Rank)
Prince Hui of the First Rank, or simply Prince Hui, was the title of a princely peerage used in China during the Manchu-led Qing dynasty (1644–1912). As the Prince Hui peerage was not awarded "iron-cap" status, this meant that each successive bearer of the title would normally start off with a title downgraded by one rank ''vis-à-vis'' that held by his predecessor. However, the title would generally not be downgraded to any lower than a ''feng'en fuguo gong'' except under special circumstances. The first bearer of the title was Mianyu (綿愉; 1814–1865), the Jiaqing Emperor's fifth son, who was made "Prince Hui of the First Rank" in 1839. The title was passed down over three generations and held by three persons. Members of the Prince Hui peerage * Mianyu (綿愉; 8 Mar 1814 – 9 Jan 1865; 1st), the Jiaqing Emperor's fifth son, made a second-rank prince in 1820, promoted to first-rank prince under the title "Prince Hui of the First Rank" in 1839, posthumously honoured ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gūwalgiya
Gūwalgiya (Manchu Chinese: ; ) was one of the most powerful Manchu clans. It is often listed by historians as the first of the eight prominent Manchu clans of the Qing dynasty. After the demise of the dynasty, some of its descendants sinicized their clan name to the Han Chinese surname ''Guan'' (關). Notable figures Males * Fiongdon (; 1562–1620), close associate of Nurhaci ** Huisai (; d. 1651), Fiongdon's grandson *** Fuzhen (d. 1909), Huisai's descendant * Oboi (1610–1669), Fiongdon's nephew; served as one of the Four Regents of the Kangxi Emperor * Nardu (; d. 1676), Oboi's nephew * Bahai (d. 1696), early Qing dynasty general * Wenxiang (1818–1876), late Qing dynasty statesman * Ronglu (1836–1903), late Qing dynasty mandarin, major confidant of Empress Dowager Cixi * Guan Xiangying (; 1902–1946), Communist fighter, leader of the Communist Youth League of China * Kwan Shan (1933–2012), Hong Kong actor * John Kuan (born 1940), Kuomintang politician in Taiwan ; ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Feng'en Zhenguo Gong
Feng'en zhenguo gong (; Manchu: ᡴᡝᠰᡳ ᠪᡝᡨᡠᠸᠠᡴᡳᠶᠠᡵᠠᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ ᠪᡝᡩᠠᠯᡳᡵᡝᡤᡠᠩ, Möllendorf: kesi-be tuwakiyara gurun-be dalire gung), translated as "Grace Defender Duke" or "Duke Who Guards the State by the Grace" or "State Duke of the First Rank", was one of the royal and noble titles of the Qing dynasty. A title was created in 1653 by division of the zhenguo gong title into two ranks following the criterium of sharing Eight Privilleges. The title was the seventh highest rank in the extended system of ranks and the fifth inheritable rank. Rules of grant The title could be granted to the son of Prince of the First Rank born to Primary Princess Consort of the First Rank. The son of Primary Princess Consort of the First Rank could be further promoted until he reached the father's title (iron-cap peerage). The title was usually the lowest possible to inherit in the peerage of the First Rank except of special circumstances. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jiaqing Emperor
The Jiaqing Emperor (13 November 1760 – 2 September 1820), also known by his temple name Emperor Renzong of Qing, born Yongyan, was the sixth emperor of the Manchu-led Qing dynasty, and the fifth Qing emperor to rule over China proper, from 1796 to 1820. He was the 15th son of the Qianlong Emperor. During his reign, he prosecuted Heshen, the corrupt Manchu favorite of his father, and attempted to restore order within the Qing Empire while curbing the smuggling of opium into China. Early years Yongyan was born in the Old Summer Palace, 8 km (5 mi) northwest of the walls of Beijing. His personal name, "Yongyan" (永琰), was later changed to "Yongyan" (顒琰) when he became the emperor. The Chinese character for ''yong'' in his name was changed from the more common 永 to the less common 顒. This novelty was introduced by the Qianlong Emperor, who believed that it was not proper to have a commonly used Chinese character in an emperor's personal name due to the l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tongzhi Emperor
The Tongzhi Emperor (27 April 1856 – 12 January 1875), born Zaichun of the Aisin Gioro clan, was the ninth List of emperors of the Qing dynasty, Emperor of the Qing dynasty, and the eighth Qing emperor to rule over China proper. His reign, from 1861 to 1875, which effectively lasted through his adolescence, was largely overshadowed by the rule of his mother, Empress Dowager Cixi. Although he had little influence over state affairs, the events of his reign gave rise to what historians call the "Tongzhi Restoration", an unsuccessful modernization program. Life The only surviving son of the Xianfeng Emperor and Empress Dowager Cixi, the Tongzhi Emperor was namesake to the attempted political reform initiated by his mother, called the Tongzhi Restoration. His first regnal name was Qixiang (祺祥; Manchu: ''Fengšengge sabingga''), but this name was later changed, as per tradition upon his succession, to "Tongzhi". The regnal name means 'order and prosperity' coming from the Confucian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Li Hongzao
Li Hongzao (; 1820–1897), styled Lansun (), pseudonym Shisun (), was a high government official towards the end of the Qing dynasty. One of his sons was Li Shizeng, a prominent politician in the Chinese Nationalist Party.Draft History of Qing - Biographies Chapter 223rd: 《清史稿·列傳二百二十三》：李鴻藻，字蘭孫，直隸高陽人。 ("Li Hongzao, Courtesy name Lansun, is from Gaoyang of Zhili Province.") Official career Li was born in Gaoyang County, Zhili, in present-day Hebei province. In 1861, the two dowagers empresses chose Li Hongzao, Qi Junzao, and Weng Xincun, who were all Imperial teachers, to instruct the newly enthroned Tongzhi Emperor in the classics. The Emperor, who was less than five years old at the time, displayed little or no interest in his studies, and would concentrate only when Li was instructing him. Li rose to be vice-president of the Board of Revenue and Grand Councilor, and in 1872 became head of the Board of Works. He then reti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Feng'en Fuguo Gong
Feng'en fuguo gong (Chinese: 奉恩辅国公, Manchu: ᡴᡝᠰᡳ ᠪᡝᡨᡠᠸᠠᡴᡳᠶᠠᡵᠠᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ ᡩᡝᠠᡳᠰᡳᠯᠠᡵᠠᡤᡠᠩ, Möllendorf: kesi-be tuwakiyara gurun-be aisilara gung), translated as "Grace Bulwark Duke" or "Duke Who Assists to the State by the Grace" or "State Duke of the Second Rank", was one of the royal and noble titles of the Qing dynasty. A title was created in 1653 by division of the zhenguo gong title into two ranks following the criterium of sharing Eight Privilleges. The title was the eighth highest rank in the extended system of ranks and the fifth inheritable rank. Rules of grant The title was the lowest possible to inherit in the peerage of the second rank except of special circumstances. The title could also convey a honorifical name consisting of two characters. The title could be made perpetually inheritable in case of abolition of the peerage. The title could be granted to the son of Feng'en zhenguo gong Feng'en ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arute Hala
Alute () was a clan of Manchu nobility. The clan initially belonged to Mongol Plain Blue Banner, but later was transferred to Manchu Bordered Yellow Banner, one of the upper banners of Eight Banner System. Some descendants of the clan adopted surname Ke (克). Notable figures Males Dexing (德兴) *Jinghui (景辉), a top candidate on provincial examination (翻译举人, pinyin:fangyu juren) **Saišangga (賽尚阿/赛尚阿; 1794–1875), served as the Minister of Works from 1841 to 1845 ***Chongqi (崇綺/崇绮; 1829–1900), the top candidate in the 1865 imperial examination, served as a fourth rank literary official (侍講) in the Hanlin Academy, the Minister of Revenue from 1884 to 1886 and in 1900 and the Minister of Personnel in 1886, and held the title of a third class duke (三等公) ***Chonggang (崇纲), a fifth rank literary official (员外郎) ****Kechang (克昌) ; Prince Consort Females Imperial Consort * Empress ** Empress Xiaozheyi (1854–1875), the Tongzhi E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Empress Dowager Cixi
Empress Dowager Cixi ( ; mnc, Tsysi taiheo; formerly Romanization of Chinese, romanised as Empress Dowager T'zu-hsi; 29 November 1835 – 15 November 1908), of the Manchu people, Manchu Nara (clan)#Yehe Nara, Yehe Nara clan, was a Chinese noblewoman, concubine and later regent who effectively controlled the Chinese government in the late Qing dynasty for 47 years, from 1861 until her death in 1908. Selected as a concubine of the Xianfeng Emperor in her adolescence, she gave birth to a son, Tongzhi Emperor, Zaichun, in 1856. After the Xianfeng Emperor's death in 1861, the young boy became the Tongzhi Emperor, and she assumed the role of empress dowager, co-empress dowager, alongside the Emperor's widow, Empress Dowager Ci'an. Cixi ousted a group of regents appointed by the late emperor and assumed the regency along with Ci'an, who later mysteriously died. Cixi then consolidated control over the dynasty when she installed her nephew as the Guangxu Emperor at the death of her son ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eastern Qing Tombs
The Eastern Qing tombs (; ) are an imperial mausoleum complex of the Qing dynasty located in Zunhua, northeast of Beijing. They are the largest, most complete, and best preserved extant mausoleum complex in China. Altogether, five emperors (Shunzhi, Kangxi, Qianlong, Xianfeng, and Tongzhi), 15 empresses, 136 imperial concubines, three princes, and two princesses of the Qing dynasty are buried here. Surrounded by Changrui Mountain, Jinxing Mountain, Huanghua Mountain, and Yingfei Daoyang Mountain, the tomb complex stretches over a total area of . Description At the center of the Eastern Qing tombs lies Xiaoling, the tomb of the Shunzhi Emperor (16381661), who became the first Qing emperor to rule over China. Shunzhi was also the first emperor to be buried in the area. Buried with him are his empresses Xiaokangzhang (mother of the Kangxi Emperor) and Consort Donggo. The major tombs to the east of Shunzhi's mausoleum are Jingling (Kangxi Emperor) and Huiling (Tongzhi Emperor). ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Empress Dowager Ci'an
Empress Xiaozhenxian (12 August 1837 – 8 April 1881), of the Manchu Bordered Yellow Banner Niohuru clan, was a posthumous name bestowed to the wife and empress consort of Yizhu, the Xianfeng Emperor. She was Empress consort of Qing from 1852 until her husband's death in 1861, after which she was honoured as Empress Dowager Ci'an. As empress dowager and one of the most senior member of imperial family, she and Empress Dowager Cixi became co-regents during the reign of two young emperors: Zaichun, the Tongzhi Emperor and later Zaitian, the Guangxu Emperor. Although in principle, she had precedence over Cixi, Ci'an was in fact a self-effacing person and seldom intervened in politics, but she was the decision-maker in most family affairs. Instead, Empress Dowager Cixi was the decision-maker in most state affairs. A popular view of Empress Dowager Ci'an is that she was a highly respectable person, always quiet, never hot-tempered, and that she treated everybody very well and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
