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Yi Munyol
Yi Mun-yol (born May 18, 1948) is a South Korean writer. Yi's given name at birth was Yol; the character, Mun (which translates as "writer"), was added after he took up a writing career. His works include novels, short stories and Korean adaptations of classic Chinese novels as well as political and social commentaries. An informal count has estimated that over 30 million copies of his books have been sold and, as of 2021, they have been translated into 21 languages. His works have garnered many literary awards and many have been adapted for film and television. Life Yi Mun-yol's father was a member of Korea's "wealthy elite". He had a 40-room residence and 200 pyeong, or 660 square meters, of land. He studied in Britain and taught agriculture as Seoul National University. But at the outbreak of the Korean War, he joined the communist cause, abandoned his family and moved to North Korea. Yi Mun-yol was born in Cheongun-dong, a neighborhood in central Seoul, South Korea in 19 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lee (Korean Name)
Lee, I, or Yi () is the second-most-common surname in Korea, behind Kim (김). Historically, 李 was officially written as Ni () in Korea. The spelling officially changed to I () in 1933 when the initial sound rule () was established. In North Korea, it is romanized as Ri () because there is no distinction between the alveolar liquids /l/ and /r/ in modern Korean. As of the South Korean census of 2015, there were 7,306,828 people by this name in South Korea or 14.7% of the population. Latin-alphabet spelling Though the official Revised Romanization spelling of this surname is I, South Korea's National Institute of the Korean Language noted in 2001 that one-letter surnames were quite rare in English and other foreign languages and could cause difficulties when traveling abroad. However, the NIKL still hoped to promote systemic transcriptions for use in passports, and thus recommended that people who bore this surname should spell it Yi in the Roman alphabet. However, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apocrypha
Apocrypha are works, usually written, of unknown authorship or of doubtful origin. The word ''apocryphal'' (ἀπόκρυφος) was first applied to writings which were kept secret because they were the vehicles of esoteric knowledge considered too profound or too sacred to be disclosed to anyone other than the initiated. ''Apocrypha'' was later applied to writings that were hidden not because of their divinity but because of their questionable value to the church. In general use, the word ''apocrypha'' has come to mean "false, spurious, bad, or heretical". Biblical apocrypha are a set of texts included in the Septuagint and the Latin Vulgate, but not in the Hebrew Bible. While Catholic tradition considers some of these texts to be deuterocanonical, and the Orthodox Churches consider them all to be canonical, Protestants consider them apocryphal, that is, non-canonical books that are useful for instruction. Luther's Bible placed them in a separate section in between the Old Test ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chun Doo-hwan
Chun Doo-hwan (; or ; 18 January 1931 – 23 November 2021) was a South Korean Republic of Korea Army, army general and military dictator who ruled as an unelected Political strongman, strongman from 1979 to 1980 before replacing Choi Kyu-hah as president of South Korea from 1980 to 1988. Chun usurped power after the 1979 Assassination of Park Chung-hee, assassination of president Park Chung-hee, a military dictator who had ruled since 1962. Chun orchestrated the Coup d'etat of December Twelfth, 12 December 1979 military coup, then cemented his military dictatorship in the Coup d'état of May Seventeenth, 17 May 1980 military coup in which he declared martial law and later set up a Samchung re-education camp, concentration camp for "purificatory education". He established the highly authoritarianism, authoritarian Fifth Republic of Korea on 3 March 1981. After the June Struggle democratization movement of 1987, Chun conceded to allowing the 1987 South Korean presidential elect ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Censorship In South Korea
Censorship in South Korea is implemented by various laws that were included in the constitution as well as acts passed by the National Assembly over the decades since 1948. These include the National Security Act, whereby the government may limit the expression of ideas that it perceives "praise or incite the activities of anti-state individuals or groups". Censorship was particularly severe during the country's authoritarian era, with freedom of expression being non-existent, which lasted from 1948 to 1993. However, ever since the inauguration of president Lee Myung-bak in 2008, South Korea has experienced a noticeable decline in freedom of expression for both journalists and the general public. South Korea's status beginning in the 2011 Freedom of the Press report from Freedom House has declined from "Free" to "Partly Free", a status that has continued to the present, reflecting an increase in official censorship and government attempts to influence news and information content. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Post-Fordism
Post-Fordism is the dominant system of economic production, consumption, and associated socio-economic phenomena in most industrialized countries since the late 20th century. It is contrasted with Fordism, the system formulated in Henry Ford's automotive factories, in which workers work on a production line, performing specialized tasks repetitively, and organized through Taylorist scientific management. Definitions of the nature and scope of post-Fordism vary considerably and are a matter of debate among scholars. Changes in the nature of the workforce include the growth of labor processes and workflows relying on information and communication technologies and digital labor. Overview Post-Fordism is characterized by the following attributes: *Small-batch production *Economies of scope *Specialized products and jobs *New information technologies *Emphasis on types of consumers in contrast to previous emphasis on social class *The rise of the service and the white-collar worker *T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hagwon
Hagwon () is the Korean-language word for a for-profit private institute, academy, or cram school prevalent in South Korea. Although most widely known for their role as "cram schools", where children can study to improve test scores, hagwons actually perform several educational functions: * supplementary education that many children need just to keep up with the regular school curriculum * remedial education for the children who fall behind in their work * training in areas not covered in schools (or covered poorly in public schools) * preparation for students striving to improve test scores and preparing for the high school and university entrance examinations (the university entrance exam is also called suneung (수능)) Many other children, particularly younger children, attend nonacademic hagwons for piano lessons, art instruction, swimming, and taekwondo (태권도). Most young children in South Korea attend a hagwon. Hagwons also play a social role; occasionally children as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chaebol
A chaebol (, ; ) is a large industrial South Korean conglomerate run and controlled by an individual or family. A chaebol often consists of multiple diversified affiliates, controlled by a person or group whose power over the group often exceeds legal authority. Several dozen large South Korean family-controlled corporate groups fall under this definition. The term first appeared in English text in 1972. Chaebols have also played a significant role in South Korean politics. In 1988, a member of a chaebol family, Chung Mong-joon, president of Hyundai Heavy Industries, successfully ran for the National Assembly of South Korea. Other business leaders were also chosen to be members of the National Assembly through proportional representation. Hyundai has made efforts in the thawing of North Korean relations, despite some controversy. Many South Korean family-run chaebols have been criticized for low dividend payouts and other governance practices that favor controlling shareho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Profiles In Courage
''Profiles in Courage'' is a 1956 volume of short biographies describing acts of bravery and integrity by eight United States Senators. The book profiles senators who defied the opinions of their party and constituents to do what they felt was right and suffered severe criticism and losses in popularity because of their actions. It begins with a quote from Edmund Burke on the courage of the English statesman Charles James Fox, in his 1783 attack upon the tyranny of the East India Company in the House of Commons, and focuses on mid-19th-century antebellum America and the efforts of senators to delay the American Civil War. ''Profiles in Courage'' was widely celebrated and became a bestseller. It includes a foreword by Allan Nevins. John F. Kennedy, then a Senator, won the Pulitzer Prize for the work. However, in his 2008 autobiography, Kennedy's speechwriter Ted Sorensen, who was presumed as early as 1957 to be the book's ghostwriter, acknowledged that he "did a first draft of mo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Our Twisted Hero
''Our Twisted Hero'' () is a South Korean novel written by Yi Munyol. It is a political allegory of Korea's transition from dictatorship to democracy, with themes of how totalitarianism can crush intellectual opposition, either by intimidation or assimilation. It was first published by ''World Literature'' () in June 1987. Yi Munyol was awarded the 1987 Yi Sang Literary Award for the novel. This book was a big hit in South Korea and was later made into the 1992 film adaptation, '' Our Twisted Hero'', directed by Park Jong-won. It was translated into English by Kevin O'Rourke, and published by Hyperion East in 2001. Characters * Han Pyongtae - protagonist * Om Sokdae - class monitor of the 5th grade * 5th grade teacher * 6th grade teacher * 8th grade teacher * Pyongtae's Wife Plot This story is told by a man named Han Byeong-tae (or Pyŏngt'ae), recalling his memories when he was in 5th grade and part of 6th grade. Due to Byeong-tae's father failing in business, they move to a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jeonggamnok
The ''Jeonggamnok'' (정감록; 鄭鑑錄) (also known as ''Chŏng Kam nok'') is a compilation of prophetic works which foretold the downfall of the Korean Yi (Joseon) dynasty and the establishment of a new utopian dynasty by a messianic "True Man" with the surname Jeong (Chŏng). Ideologies expressed in this work inspired many insurrectionist movements or claims of political legitimacy from the Joseon period to the present. The contents were circulated orally and in handwritten manuscripts since the middle of the Joseon period. They were copied and recopied many times and often the copyists updated the text to conform to the latest events and trends. Historical compilations and manuscripts related to Jeonggamnok are stored at Kyujanggak Archive. Narrowly construed ''Jeonggam Record'' Nowadays, ''Jeonggamnok'' is the name of a large corpus, composed of numerous works, most from the late 19th and early 20th centuries. However, some of the texts may have been written as early as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joseon
Joseon (; ; Middle Korean: 됴ᇢ〯션〮 Dyǒw syéon or 됴ᇢ〯션〯 Dyǒw syěon), officially the Great Joseon (; ), was the last dynastic kingdom of Korea, lasting just over 500 years. It was founded by Yi Seong-gye in July 1392 and replaced by the Korean Empire in October 1897. The kingdom was founded following the aftermath of the overthrow of Goryeo in what is today the city of Kaesong. Early on, Korea was retitled and the capital was relocated to modern-day Seoul. The kingdom's northernmost borders were expanded to the natural boundaries at the rivers of Amrok and Tuman through the subjugation of the Jurchens. During its 500-year duration, Joseon encouraged the entrenchment of Confucian ideals and doctrines in Korean society. Neo-Confucianism was installed as the new state's ideology. Buddhism was accordingly discouraged, and occasionally the practitioners faced persecutions. Joseon consolidated its effective rule over the territory of current Korea and saw the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gat (hat)
A ''gat'' ( ) is a Korean traditional hat worn by men along with ''hanbok'' (Korean traditional clothing) during the Joseon period. It is made from horsehair with a bamboo frame and is partly transparent. Most ''gat'' are cylindrical in shape with a wide brim on a bamboo frame. Before the late 19th century, only noble class men could wear ''gat'', which represented their social status and protected their topknots (). Artisans who make ''gat'' are called ''ganniljang'' (), from ''gannil'' (, a compound of two words ''gat'' and ''il'' (work); "''gat'' making") + ''jang'' ( "artisan, craftsperson, master of a craft"). As ''gannil'' requires artisanship throughout a complex series of techniques involving an array of materials, it has been designated as Intangible Cultural Property No. 4 on December 24, 1964. History The origins of ''gat'' date back to ancient times. Usually, the following hats are considered to be the first specimens of what is known as gat today: the so-called ''i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
