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Yuwibara
The Yuwibara, also written Yuibera and Juipera and also known as Yuwi, after their language, are an Aboriginal Australian people, originating from the area around present-day Mackay, on the east coast of Queensland, Australia. Country According to Norman Tindale's classification, the Yuibera lands, starting from Mackay, were calculated to encompass roughly , ran from St. Helens south to Cape Palmerston and inland reached as far as the Connors Range. The Gia were to their north; the Biri in the area northwest of them; Wiri lay on their western flank, and beyond them the Barna. To their south were the Barada and, along the coast, the Koinjmal. The Yuibera were restricted to the coastal end of the Pioneer Valley, and were one of four peoples within of Mackay. History Before European contact In Mackay and its surrounding areas, six peoples have been identified: other than the Yuwibara, these were the Wiri, Biria, Jangga, Barna and Barada, with each group estimated to have c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mackay, Queensland
} Mackay () is a city in the Mackay Region on the eastern or Coral Sea coast of Queensland, Australia. It is located about north of Brisbane, on the Pioneer River. Mackay is described as being in either Central Queensland or North Queensland, as these regions are not precisely defined. More generally, the area is known as the Mackay–Whitsunday Region. Mackay is nicknamed the sugar capital of Australia because its region produces more than a third of Australia's sugar. Name The city was named after John Mackay. In 1860, he was the leader of an expedition into the Pioneer Valley. Initially Mackay proposed to name the river Mackay River after his father George Mackay. Thomas Henry Fitzgerald surveyed the township and proposed it was called Alexandra after Princess Alexandra of Denmark, who married Prince Edward (later King Edward VII). However, in 1862 the river was renamed to be the Pioneer River, after in which Queensland Governor George Bowen travelled to the area, and t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
St Helens Beach
St Helens Beach is a coastal town and locality in the Mackay Region, Queensland, Australia. In the the locality of St Helens Beach had a population of 197 people. History ''Yuwibara (''also known as ''Yuibera, Yuri, Juipera, Yuwiburra)'' is an Australian Aboriginal language spoken on Yuwibara country. It is closely related to the Biri languages/dialects. The Yuwibara language region includes the landscape within the local government boundaries of the Mackay Region.' Giya (also known as Kia) is a language of North Queensland. The Giya language region includes the landscape within the local government boundaries of the Whitsunday Regional Council The Whitsunday Region is a local government area located in North Queensland, Australia. Established in 2008, it was preceded by two previous local government areas with a history extending back to the establishment of regional local government ..., particularly the towns of Bowen and Proserpine. The town was originally know ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gia People
The Gia people, also known as Giya, Kia, Bumbarra, and variants, are an Aboriginal Australian people of the state of Queensland. Little is known of them. Language The Gia spoke Giya/Bumbarra, a dialect of the Biri language, belongs to the Proserpine subgroup of the Maric languages. AIATSIS, in its AUSTLANG database, assigns a separate code to Ngaro, but its status is shown as unconfirmed, as the only source for it is a wordlist by Tindale. Country According to Norman Tindale, the Gias' lands extended over some of land from Bowen to St. Helens and Mount Dalrymple. Inland they reached the Clarke Range. They were present at Proserpine, Gloucester Island, and Repulse Bay. Tindale registered this as a distinct tribe, directly south of Port Denison, but this has been questioned by Barker. Although Ngaro is given as a synonym for Gia, and vice versa, it appears that the Ngaro people inhabited the Whitsunday Islands. The Yuwibara people occupied land to their south. A Traditi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wiri People
The Wiri were an Aboriginal Australian people of an area on the eastern side of the state of Queensland. They spoke a dialect of the Biri language called Wiri (also known as Widi). Country The Wiri's tribal lands spread over some from the Coast Range east of the coastal area around Mackay and running inland as far as Nebo and the headwaters of the Bowen and Suttor rivers. They took in both the Connor and Denham ranges. Wiri territory was basically rainscrub, with drier country on its western flank. A Traditional Owner Reference Group consisting of representatives of the Yuwibara, Koinmerburra, Barada Barna, Wiri, Ngaro, and those Gia and Juru people whose lands are within Reef Catchments Mackay Whitsunday Isaac region, helps to support natural resource management and look after the cultural heritage sites in the area. Language Wiri is a dialect of the Biri language Biri, also known as Biria, Birri Gubba, Birigaba, Wiri, Perembba and other variants, is an Austral ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barada People
The Baradha people, also spelt Barada and Thar ar ra burra, and also known as Toolginburra, were an Aboriginal Australian people of Central Queensland not far inland from the east coast. Country Baradha lands, according to Norman Tindale's estimation, stretched over some . They inhabited the area of the Connors River from Killarney north to Nebo. Their westward extension stopped around Bombandy. They were wedged between the coastal Koinjmal and the Barna to their west. Their northern borders met with those of the Wiri. Social organisation The Baradha, like the other Mackay area peoples, are said to have had two main social divisions, or phratries namely the ''Yungaroo'' and ''Wootaroo''. These classificatory terms are applied not only to the constituent groups, but to all natural phenomena, which are ascribed to either one or the other of the two basic classes. * Yungaroo are subdivided further into ''Gurgela'' and ''Gurgelan'' (male and female) and ''Bunbai'' and ''Bunnbai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ngaro People
The Ngaro are an Australian Aboriginal group of people who traditionally inhabited the Whitsunday Islands and coastal regions of Queensland, employing a seafaring lifestyle in an area that archaeologically shows evidence of human habitation since 9000 BP. Ngaro society was destroyed by warfare with traders, colonists, and the Australian Native Police. The Native Police Corps forcibly relocated the remaining Ngaro people in 1870 to a penal colony on Palm Island or to the lumber mills of Brampton Island as forced labourers. Language There is some doubt about the status of the language, now extinct, of the Ngaro people. It may have been the same as the Wiri language or Giya language (both dialects of Biri), or a separate dialect. Country According to Norman Tindale, Ngaro territory amounted to some , from Whitsunday and Cumberland islands, ranging over Cumberland Islands and including the coastal mainland areas around Cape Conway. Their inland extension reached as far as the mou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Koinjmal Tribe
The Koinmerburra people, also known as Koinjmal, Guwinmal, Kungmal and other variants, are an Aboriginal Australian people of the state of Queensland. They are the traditional owners of an area which includes part of the Great Barrier Reef. Country Koinmerburra traditional lands covered an estimated , taking in the western slopes of Pine Mountain in the Normanby Range to the Styx River. They occupied the coastal strip from Broad Sound northwards to Cape Palmerston and took in St. Lawrence. Their inland extensions went as far as the Coast Range, and, to the south, ended around Marlborough. Ecologically, they worked large areas of mangrove mudflats, and employed bark canoes to navigate these shoreline zones. Social organisation The Koinmerburra consisted of several kin groups, the name of at least one of which is known: * ''Mamburra'' * ''Bauwiwarra'' (This may, alternatively, have been a horde of the Darumbal) According to an early Rockhampton informant, W. H. Flowers, res ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Midden
A midden (also kitchen midden or shell heap) is an old dump for domestic waste which may consist of animal bone, human excrement, botanical material, mollusc shells, potsherds, lithics (especially debitage), and other artifacts and ecofacts associated with past human occupation. These features provide a useful resource for archaeologists who wish to study the diets and habits of past societies. Middens with damp, anaerobic conditions can even preserve organic remains in deposits as the debris of daily life are tossed on the pile. Each individual toss will contribute a different mix of materials depending upon the activity associated with that particular toss. During the course of deposition sedimentary material is deposited as well. Different mechanisms, from wind and water to animal digs, create a matrix which can also be analysed to provide seasonal and climatic information. In some middens individual dumps of material can be discerned and analysed. Shells A shell mi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fish Trap
A fish trap is a trap used for fishing. Fish traps include fishing weirs, lobster traps, and some fishing nets such as fyke nets. Traps are culturally almost universal and seem to have been independently invented many times. There are two main types of trap, a permanent or semi-permanent structure placed in a river or tidal area and bottle or pot trap that are usually, but not always baited to attract prey, and are periodically lifted out of the water. A typical contemporary trap consists of a frame of thick steel wire in the shape of a heart, with chicken wire stretched around it. The mesh wraps around the frame and then tapers into the inside of the trap. Fishes that swim inside through this opening cannot get out, as the chicken wire opening bends back into its original narrowness. In earlier times, traps were constructed of wood and fibre. Fish traps contribute to the problems of marine debris and bycatch. __TOC__ History Traps are culturally almost universal and see ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ochre
Ochre ( ; , ), or ocher in American English, is a natural clay earth pigment, a mixture of ferric oxide and varying amounts of clay and sand. It ranges in colour from yellow to deep orange or brown. It is also the name of the colours produced by this pigment, especially a light brownish-yellow. A variant of ochre containing a large amount of hematite, or dehydrated iron oxide, has a reddish tint known as "red ochre" (or, in some dialects, ruddle). The word ochre also describes clays coloured with iron oxide derived during the extraction of tin and copper. Earth pigments Ochre is a family of earth pigments, which includes yellow ochre, red ochre, purple ochre, sienna, and umber. The major ingredient of all the ochres is iron(III) oxide-hydroxide, known as limonite, which gives them a yellow colour. * Yellow ochre, , is a hydrated iron hydroxide (limonite) also called gold ochre. * Red ochre, , takes its reddish colour from the mineral hematite, which is an anhydrous iron ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aboriginal Australian
Aboriginal Australians are the various Indigenous peoples of the Australian mainland and many of its islands, such as Tasmania, Fraser Island, Hinchinbrook Island, the Tiwi Islands, and Groote Eylandt, but excluding the Torres Strait Islands. The term Indigenous Australians refers to Aboriginal Australians and Torres Strait Islanders collectively. It is generally used when both groups are included in the topic being addressed. Torres Strait Islanders are ethnically and culturally distinct, despite extensive cultural exchange with some of the Aboriginal groups. The Torres Strait Islands are mostly part of Queensland but have a separate governmental status. Aboriginal Australians comprise many distinct peoples who have developed across Australia for over 50,000 years. These peoples have a broadly shared, though complex, genetic history, but only in the last 200 years have they been defined and started to self-identify as a single group. Australian Aboriginal identity has cha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Burial Ground
A cemetery, burial ground, gravesite or graveyard is a place where the remains of dead people are buried or otherwise interred. The word ''cemetery'' (from Greek , "sleeping place") implies that the land is specifically designated as a burial ground and originally applied to the Roman catacombs. The term ''graveyard'' is often used interchangeably with cemetery, but a graveyard primarily refers to a burial ground within a churchyard. The intact or cremated remains of people may be interred in a grave, commonly referred to as burial, or in a tomb, an "above-ground grave" (resembling a sarcophagus), a mausoleum, columbarium, niche, or other edifice. In Western cultures, funeral ceremonies are often observed in cemeteries. These ceremonies or rites of passage differ according to cultural practices and religious beliefs. Modern cemeteries often include crematoria, and some grounds previously used for both, continue as crematoria as a principal use long after the interment ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
