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YugabyteDB
YugabyteDB is a high-performance transactional distributed SQL database for cloud-native applications, developed by Yugabyte. History Yugabyte was founded by ex-Facebook engineers Kannan Muthukkaruppan, Karthik Ranganathan, and Mikhail Bautin. At Facebook, they were part of the team that built and operated Cassandra and HBase for workloads such as Facebook Messenger and Facebook's Operational Data Store. The founders came together in February 2016 to build YugabyteDB. YugabyteDB was initially available in two editions: community and enterprise. In July 2019, Yugabyte open-sourced previously commercial features and launched YugabyteDB as open-source under the Apache 2.0 license. Funding In October 2021, five years after the company's inception, Yugabyte closed a $188 Million Series C funding round to become a Unicorn start-up with a valuation of $1.3Bn Architecture YugabyteDB is a distributed SQL database that aims to be strongly transactionally consistent across ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raft (algorithm)
Raft is a consensus algorithm designed as an alternative to the Paxos family of algorithms. It was meant to be more understandable than Paxos by means of separation of logic, but it is also formally proven safe and offers some additional features. Raft offers a generic way to distribute a state machine across a cluster of computing systems, ensuring that each node in the cluster agrees upon the same series of state transitions. It has a number of open-source reference implementations, with full-specification implementations in Go, C++, Java, and Scala. It is named after Reliable, Replicated, Redundant, And Fault-Tolerant. Raft is not a Byzantine fault tolerant (BFT) algorithm; the nodes trust the elected leader. Basics Raft achieves consensus via an elected leader. A server in a raft cluster is either a ''leader'' or a ''follower'', and can be a ''candidate'' in the precise case of an election (leader unavailable). The leader is responsible for log replication to the f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
RocksDB
RocksDB is a high performance embedded database for key-value data. It is a fork of Google's LevelDB optimized to exploit multi-core processors (CPUs), and make efficient use of fast storage, such as solid-state drives (SSD), for input/output (I/O) bound workloads. It is based on a log-structured merge-tree (LSM tree) data structure. It is written in C++ and provides official language bindings for C++, C, and Java. Many third-party language bindings exist. RocksDB is free and open-source software, released originally under a BSD 3-clause license. However, in July 2017 the project was migrated to a dual license of both Apache 2.0 and GPLv2 license. This change helped its adoption in Apache Software Foundation's projects after blacklist of the previous BSD+Patents license clause. RocksDB is used in production systems at various web-scale enterprises including Facebook, Yahoo!, and LinkedIn. Features RocksDB, like LevelDB, stores keys and values in arbitrary byte a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Distributed SQL
A distributed SQL database is a single relational database which replicates data across multiple servers. Distributed SQL databases are strongly consistent and most support consistency across racks, data centers, and wide area networks including cloud availability zones and cloud geographic zones. Distributed SQL databases typically use the Paxos or Raft algorithms to achieve consensus across multiple nodes. Sometimes distributed SQL databases are referred to as NewSQL but NewSQL is a more inclusive term that includes databases that are not distributed databases. History Google's Spanner popularized the modern distributed SQL database concept. Google described the database and its architecture in a 2012 whitepaper called "Spanner: Google's Globally-Distributed Database." The paper described Spanner as having evolved from a Big Table-like key value store into a temporal multi-version database where data is stored in "schematized semi-relational tables."https://storage.goo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bare-metal Server
In information technology, bare machine (or bare-metal computer) is a computer which has no operating system. The software executed by a bare machine, commonly called a "bare metal program" or "bare metal application", is designed to interact directly with hardware. Bare machines are widely used in embedded systems, particularly in cases where resources are limited or high performance is required. Advantages Typically, a bare-metal application will run faster, use less memory and be more power efficient than an equivalent program that relies on an operating system, due to the inherent overhead imposed by system calls. For example, hardware inputs and outputs are directly accessible to bare metal software, whereas they must be accessed through system calls when using an OS. Disadvantages Bare metal applications typically require more effort to develop because operating system services such as memory management and task scheduling are not available. Debugging a bare-metal pro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Facebook Messenger
Messenger, formerly known as Facebook Messenger, is an American proprietary instant messaging service developed by Meta Platforms. Originally developed as Facebook Chat in 2008, the client application of Messenger is currently available on iOS and Android mobile platforms, Windows and macOS desktop platforms, through the Messenger.com web application, and on the standalone Facebook Portal hardware. Messenger is used to send messages and exchange photos, videos, stickers, audio, and files, and also react to other users' messages and interact with bots. The service also supports voice and video calling. The standalone apps support using multiple accounts, conversations with end-to-end encryption, and playing games. With a monthly userbase of over 1 billion people it is among the largest social media platforms. History Following tests of a new instant messaging platform on Facebook in March 2008, the feature, then-titled "Facebook Chat", was gradually released to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Multiversion Concurrency Control
Multiversion concurrency control (MCC or MVCC), is a non-locking concurrency control method commonly used by database management systems to provide concurrent access to the database and in programming languages to implement transactional memory. Description Without concurrency control, if someone is reading from a database at the same time as someone else is writing to it, it is possible that the reader will see a half-written or inconsistent piece of data. For instance, when making a wire transfer between two bank accounts if a reader reads the balance at the bank when the money has been withdrawn from the original account and before it was deposited in the destination account, it would seem that money has disappeared from the bank. Isolation is the property that provides guarantees in the concurrent accesses to data. Isolation is implemented by means of a concurrency control protocol. The simplest way is to make all readers wait until the writer is done, which is known as a rea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Distributed Transaction
A distributed transaction operates within a distributed environment, typically involving multiple nodes across a network depending on the location of the data. A key aspect of distributed transactions is atomicity, which ensures that the transaction is completed in its entirety or not executed at all. It's essential to note that distributed transactions are not limited to databases. The Open Group, a vendor consortium, proposed the X/Open Distributed Transaction Processing Model (X/Open XA), which became a de facto standard for the behavior of transaction model components. Databases are common transactional resources and, often, transactions span a couple of such databases. In this case, a distributed transaction can be seen as a database transaction that must be synchronized (or provide ACID properties) among multiple participating databases which are distributed among different physical locations. The isolation property (the I of ACID) poses a special challenge for multi d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CAP Theorem
In database theory, the CAP theorem, also named Brewer's theorem after computer scientist Eric Brewer (scientist), Eric Brewer, states that any distributed data store can provide at most Inconsistent triad, two of the following three guarantees: ; Consistency model, Consistency: Every read receives the most recent write or an error. Note that consistency as defined in the CAP theorem is quite different from the consistency guaranteed in ACID database transactions. ; Availability: Every request received by a non-failing node in the system must result in a response. This is the definition of availability in CAP theorem as defined by Gilbert and Lynch. Note that availability as defined in CAP theorem is different from high availability in software architecture. ; Network partitioning, Partition tolerance: The system continues to operate despite an arbitrary number of messages being dropped (or delayed) by the network between nodes. When a network partition failure happens, it must be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ACID
An acid is a molecule or ion capable of either donating a proton (i.e. Hydron, hydrogen cation, H+), known as a Brønsted–Lowry acid–base theory, Brønsted–Lowry acid, or forming a covalent bond with an electron pair, known as a Lewis acid. The first category of acids are the proton donors, or Brønsted–Lowry acid–base theory, Brønsted–Lowry acids. In the special case of aqueous solutions, proton donors form the hydronium ion H3O+ and are known as Acid–base reaction#Arrhenius theory, Arrhenius acids. Johannes Nicolaus Brønsted, Brønsted and Martin Lowry, Lowry generalized the Arrhenius theory to include non-aqueous solvents. A Brønsted–Lowry or Arrhenius acid usually contains a hydrogen atom bonded to a chemical structure that is still energetically favorable after loss of H+. Aqueous Arrhenius acids have characteristic properties that provide a practical description of an acid. Acids form aqueous solutions with a sour taste, can turn blue litmus red, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meritech Capital Partners
Meritech Capital Partners is an American Venture Firm company focused on late-stage venture capital investments in information technology companies with a focus on consumer Internet and media, software and services, enterprise infrastructure, and medical devices. Investments has included the popular online game Roblox, Datadog and Salesforce. History The Palo Alto, California-based firm, was founded in 1999 with sponsorship from Accel Partners, Oak Investment Partners, Redpoint Ventures Redpoint Ventures is an American venture capital firm focused on investments in seed, early and growth-stage companies. History The firm was founded in 1999 and is headquartered in Menlo Park, California, with offices in San Francisco, Los Angel ... and Worldview Technology Partners. Since 2003, however, Meritech has independently operated and invested in later-stage technology companies. The firm has raised approximately $2.6 billion since inception across four funds. In July 2014 Meritec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sapphire Ventures
Sapphire Ventures (stylized as SAPPHIRE) is a venture capital firm with offices in Menlo Park, San Francisco, Austin, and London. The firm is considered one of the world's premier venture capital firms. The firm primarily invests in Series B through IPO technology companies, as well as tech-focused early stage venture firms, seed, and Series A early-stage sports, media, and entertainment start-ups. Notable Sapphire-backed companies include 23andMe, Alteryx, Auth0, Block (Square), Box, Current, Degreed, DocuSign, Fitbit, IAS, JumpCloud, Kaltura, Linkedin, Livongo, Looker, MuleSoft, Monday.com, Paytm, Ping Identity, Sumo Logic, Wise ( TransferWise). History The firm was founded in 1996 as the venture capital arm of multinational software conglomerate SAP and spun out as an independent company in 2011, rebranding to Sapphire Ventures in 2014. At the time, Sapphire Ventures managed $1.4 billion and had invested in more than 125 companies, with 10 companies going public a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
