|
Youth Koori Court
The Youth Koori Court (YKC) is a court tailored to the needs of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children and young people who engage with the criminal justice system in the state of New South Wales, Australia. It operates out of the Children's Court of New South Wales. The first such court was established in the western Sydney suburb of Parramatta in 2015, with another created in Surry Hills to serve the city of Sydney in early 2019, and the first regional YKC established in Dubbo in 2022. The YKC involves older members of the Aboriginal community to help the youths to engage with their culture, among other measures. Background The word ''Koori'' refers to Aboriginal people from south-east Australia, in the regions now encompassing the State of Victoria as well as southern New South Wales. The idea of the Youth Koori Court is to engage older members of the Aboriginal community, including elders, with Aboriginal young offenders who engage with the justice system, as a stea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aboriginal And Torres Strait Islander
Indigenous Australians or Australian First Nations are people with familial heritage from, and membership in, the ethnic groups that lived in Australia before British colonisation. They consist of two distinct groups: the Aboriginal peoples of the Australian mainland and Tasmania, and the Torres Strait Islander peoples from the seas between Queensland and Papua New Guinea. The term Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples or the person's specific cultural group, is often preferred, though the terms First Nations of Australia, First Peoples of Australia and First Australians are also increasingly common; 812,728 people self-identified as being of Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander origin in the 2021 Australian Census, representing 3.2% of the total population of Australia. Of these indigenous Australians, 91.4% identified as Aboriginal; 4.2% identified as Torres Strait Islander; while 4.4% identified with both groups. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Guardian
''The Guardian'' is a British daily newspaper. It was founded in 1821 as ''The Manchester Guardian'', and changed its name in 1959. Along with its sister papers ''The Observer'' and ''The Guardian Weekly'', ''The Guardian'' is part of the Guardian Media Group, owned by the Scott Trust. The trust was created in 1936 to "secure the financial and editorial independence of ''The Guardian'' in perpetuity and to safeguard the journalistic freedom and liberal values of ''The Guardian'' free from commercial or political interference". The trust was converted into a limited company in 2008, with a constitution written so as to maintain for ''The Guardian'' the same protections as were built into the structure of the Scott Trust by its creators. Profits are reinvested in journalism rather than distributed to owners or shareholders. It is considered a newspaper of record in the UK. The editor-in-chief Katharine Viner succeeded Alan Rusbridger in 2015. Since 2018, the paper's main news ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Koori Court
A Koori Court is a separate division of the Magistrates', County and Children's Courts of Victoria, Australia. The Koori Court (Magistrates), Children's Koori Court, and County Koori Court hear selected cases, where Indigenous Australians have identified as such and requested the case be transferred to it. The first Koori Court was established in Shepparton in 2002. Koori Court aims to reduce recidivism by involving Elders, other respected persons in the Aboriginal community, and court advisors to provide information about the background of the defendant, and to advise on culturally appropriate sentences. Koori Court is the only Indigenous sentencing court in an indictable jurisdiction in Australia. Background and history The word ''Koori'' refers to Aboriginal Australians from south-east Australia, in the regions now encompassing the State of Victoria as well as southern New South Wales. The Koori Courts were an initiative of the Victorian Aboriginal Justice Agreement (VAJA ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Community Court (Northern Territory)
The Local Court of the Northern Territory is one of two levels of court in the Northern Territory of Australia. It has jurisdiction in civil disputes up to , and in criminal cases in the trial of summary offences, and also deals with preliminary matters for indictable offences which are then heard by the Supreme Court of the Northern Territory. There are local courts held in Darwin, Northern Territory, Alice Springs, Katherine, Tennant Creek, and some "bush courts" in remote locations. History The current court was established in 2016; Court established. however it is a continuation of the former Local Court and the Court of Summary Jurisdiction. New Local Court is a continuation of old Courts. The local court was first established under the ''Local Courts Ordinance 1941'' (NT) and re-established in 1989 under the ''Local Court Act 1989'' (NT). The Court of Summary Jurisdiction was established under the ''Justices Act'' (NT). All cases that were pending in the former cour ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Community Court
In several countries including Australia, the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, and South Africa, a community court is a neighborhood-focused problem-solving court that applies a problem-solving approach to local crime and safety concerns. Community courts can take many forms, but all strive to create new relationships, both within the justice system and with outside stakeholders such as residents, merchants, churches and schools. Community courts emphasize collaboration, crime prevention, and improved outcomes, including lower recidivism and safer communities. Community courts are also sometimes referred to as community or neighborhood justice centers. In Australia, a community court is the name given to Indigenous court proceedings conducted in the Magistrates Court of the Northern Territory. Principles According to the Center for Court Innovation, community courts are animated by six key principles. They are: *Restoring the community: *Bridging the gap between ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Circle Sentencing
Indigenous Australians are both convicted of crimes and imprisoned at a disproportionately higher rate in Australia, as well as being over-represented as victims of crime. , Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander prisoners represented 28% of the total adult prisoner population, while accounting for 2% of the general adult population (3.3% of the total population). Various explanations have been given for this over-representation, both historical and more recent. Federal and state governments and Indigenous groups have responded with various analyses, programs and measures. Background Many sources report over-representation of Indigenous offenders at all stages of the criminal justice system. Also by chapter in html, seChapter 2/ref> , Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander prisoners represented 28% of the total adult prisoner population, while accounting for 3.3% of the general population. The links between lower socioeconomic status and the associated issues that come with i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aboriginal Community Court
Aboriginal Community Court, or Aboriginal court was the name given to the specialised courts dealing with Indigenous Australian offenders in the state of Western Australia between 2006 and 2015. The proceedings were conducted in the Magistrates Court of Western Australia.The court was not an actual court of law, but was the commonly referred to designation of the court when dealing with Indigenous offenders accused of crime, to show its distinctiveness from the usual procedures involved in that criminal court, and to demonstrate that the same court structure deals with both Indigenous and non-Indigenous offenders. The court allowed the involvement of the Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities in the sentencing process. Background The involvement of Indigenous Australians in the criminal court system has been trialled a number of times in Western Australia. The earliest is perhaps in 1930 when the State government established the Court of Native Affairs. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Recidivism
Recidivism (; from ''recidive'' and ''ism'', from Latin ''recidīvus'' "recurring", from ''re-'' "back" and ''cadō'' "I fall") is the act of a person repeating an undesirable behavior after they have experienced negative consequences of that behavior. It is also used to refer to the percentage of former prisoners who are rearrested for a similar offense.Henslin, James. ''Social Problems: A Down-To-Earth Approach'', 2008. The term is frequently used in conjunction with criminal behavior and substance abuse. Recidivism is a synonym for "relapse", which is more commonly used in medicine and in the disease model of addiction. Norway has one of the lowest recidivism rates in the world at 20%. Prisons in Norway and the Norwegian criminal justice system focus on restorative justice and rehabilitating prisoners rather than punishment. United States According to an April 2011 report by the Pew Center on the States, the average national recidivism rate for released prisoner ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
NSW Bureau Of Crime Statistics And Research
The Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research (BOCSAR), also known as NSW Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research, is an agency of the Department of Communities and Justice responsible for research into crime and criminal justice and evaluation of the initiatives designed to reduce crime and reoffending in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Management and functions BOCSAR was established in 1969. The executive director of BOCSAR since July 2019 is Jackie Fitzgerald. She took over from Don Weatherburn PSM, who spent over 30 years in the position. The Bureau is responsible for identifying factors affecting the distribution and frequency of crime and the effectiveness of the NSW criminal justice system, and for making this information available to its clients. It develops and maintains statistical databases on crime and criminal justice in NSW, monitors trends in crime and criminal justice, and also conducts research on crime and criminal justice issues and problems. Sta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diversion Program
A diversion program, also known as a pretrial diversion program or pretrial intervention program, in the criminal justice system is a form of pretrial sentencing that helps remedy behavior leading to the arrest. Administered by the judicial or law enforcement systems, they often allow the offender to avoid conviction, and include a rehabilitation program to avoid future criminal acts. Availability and the operation of such systems differ in different countries. Operation and functions A criminal justice diversion program deals mainly with first-time offenders, allowing them to avoid a criminal record by undertaking certain actions that are aimed to benefit the offender as well as their victims and the wider community. in which a criminal offender joins a rehabilitation program to help remedy the behavior leading to the original arrest, allow the offender to avoid conviction and, in some jurisdictions, avoid a criminal record. The programs are often run by a police department, c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Substance Abuse
Substance abuse, also known as drug abuse, is the use of a drug in amounts or by methods which are harmful to the individual or others. It is a form of substance-related disorder. Differing definitions of drug abuse are used in public health, medical and criminal justice contexts. In some cases, criminal or anti-social behaviour occurs when the person is under the influence of a drug, and long-term personality changes in individuals may also occur. In addition to possible physical, social, and psychological harm, the use of some drugs may also lead to criminal penalties, although these vary widely depending on the local jurisdiction.. Drugs most often associated with this term include: alcohol, amphetamines, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, cannabis, cocaine, hallucinogens (although there is no known ''psychedelic'', one of the three categories of hallucinogens, that has been found to have any addictive potential), methaqualone, and opioids. The exact cause of substance abu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Homelessness
Homelessness or houselessness – also known as a state of being unhoused or unsheltered – is the condition of lacking stable, safe, and adequate housing. People can be categorized as homeless if they are: * living on the streets, also known as rough sleeping (primary homelessness); * moving between temporary shelters, including houses of friends, family, and emergency accommodation (secondary homelessness); and * living in private boarding houses without a private bathroom or security of tenure (tertiary homelessness). * have no permanent house or place to live safely * Internally Displaced Persons, persons compelled to leave their places of domicile, who remain as refugees within their country's borders. The rights of people experiencing homelessness also varies from country to country. United States government homeless enumeration studies also include people who sleep in a public or private place, which is not designed for use as a regular sleeping accommodation for hu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
