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Yo! Bum Rush The Show
''Yo! Bum Rush the Show'' is the debut studio album by American hip hop group Public Enemy, released on February 10, 1987. It was recorded at Spectrum City Studios in Hempstead, New York, and became one of the fastest-selling hip hop records, but was controversial among radio stations and critics, in part due to lead rapper Chuck D's black nationalist politics. Despite this, the album has since been regarded as one of hip hop's greatest and most influential records. Musical style ''Yo! Bum Rush the Show'' debuts The Bomb Squad's sample-heavy production style, which is prominent on the group's later work. Joe Brown of ''The Washington Post'' described the album's music as "a more serious brand of inner-city aggression", in comparison to ''Licensed to Ill'' (1986) by Def Jam label-mates the Beastie Boys. On its musical style, Brown wrote "Public Enemy's mean and minimalist rap is marked by an absolute absence of melody – the scary sound is just a throbbing pulse, hard drums and a ...
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Public Enemy (band)
"Public enemy" is a term which was first widely used in the United States in the 1930s to describe individuals whose activities were seen as criminal and extremely damaging to society, though the phrase had been used for centuries to describe pirates, vikings, highwaymen, bandits, mobsters, and similar outlaws. Origin and usage The expression dates back to Roman times. The Senate declared emperor Nero a ''hostis publicus'' in AD 68. Its direct translation is "public enemy". Whereas "public" is currently used in English in order to describe something related to collectivity at large, with an implication towards government or the State, the Latin word "publicus" could, in addition to that meaning, also refer directly to people, making it the equivalent of the genitive of ''populus'' ("people"), ''populi'' ("popular" or "of the people"). Thus, "public enemy" and "enemy of the people" are, etymologically, near-synonyms. The words "'' ennemi du peuple''" were extensively used duri ...
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Inner-city
The term ''inner city'' has been used, especially in the United States, as a euphemism for majority-minority lower-income residential districts that often refer to rundown neighborhoods, in a downtown or city centre area. Sociologists sometimes turn the euphemism into a formal designation by applying the term ''inner city'' to such residential areas, rather than to more geographically central commercial districts. The word "downtown" is also used to describe the inner city or city centre – primarily in North America – by English-speakers to refer to a city's commercial, cultural and often the historical, political and geographic heart, and is often contiguous with its central business district. In British English, the term "city centre" is most often used, "''centre-ville''" in French, ''centro storico'' in Italian, ''Stadtzentrum'' in German or ''shìzhōngxīn'' (市中心) in Chinese. The two terms are used interchangeably in Canada. A few US cities, such as Philadelph ...
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Professor Griff
Richard Griffin (born August 1, 1960), better known by his stage name Professor Griff, is an American rapper, spoken word artist, and lecturer currently residing in Atlanta. He was a member of the hip hop group Public Enemy, serving as the group's Minister of Information. During his time with Public Enemy, he was an adherent of the ideas espoused by Nation of Islam leader Louis Farrakhan, which informed both Griffin's and Public Enemy's ideological views. Having served in the U.S. Army and cultivating an interest in martial arts, he trained the S1W security team that toured with Public Enemy dressed in military uniforms, doing choreographed military step drills on stage. Controversy and departure from Public Enemy Before the release of ''It Takes a Nation of Millions to Hold Us Back'', Professor Griff, in his role as Minister of Information, gave interviews to UK magazines on behalf of Public Enemy, during which he made homophobic and anti-Semitic remarks. In a 1988 issue ...
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Criminal Minded
''Criminal Minded'' is the debut studio album by hip-hop group Boogie Down Productions, released on March 3, 1987 by B-Boy Records. It is considered a highly influential hip hop album and one of the first in the gangsta rap genre. Since its release, the album has been sampled, interpolated and paraphrased. Its samples and direct influences were unusual at the time, ranging from liberal use of dancehall reggae (as well as the more commonly used James Brown) to rock music artists such as AC/DC, The Beatles and Billy Joel. The album was eventually certified Gold by the RIAA. The songs "South Bronx" and " The Bridge Is Over" ignited the rivalry with the Brooklyn-bred but Queens resident emcee MC Shan and the Juice Crew. Throughout the album, KRS-One gives honor and praise to Scott La Rock for producing the album and he mostly goes on about the importance of originality and being "real" instead of a "Sucker MC". In 2003, the album was ranked number 444 on Rolling Stone magazine's lis ...
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Boogie Down Productions
Boogie Down Productions (BDP) was an American hip hop group originally composed of KRS-One, D-Nice, and DJ Scott La Rock. DJ Scott La Rock was murdered on August 27, 1987, five months after the release of BDP's debut album, ''Criminal Minded''. The name of the group, Boogie Down, derives from a nickname for the South Bronx section of New York City. The group pioneered the fusion of dancehall reggae and hip hop music and their debut LP ''Criminal Minded'' contained frank descriptions of life in the South Bronx during the late 1980s, thus setting the stage for what would eventually become gangsta rap. Members BDP's membership changed throughout its existence, the only constant being KRS-One. The group was founded by KRS-One and DJ Scott La Rock, with producer Lee Smith, who was essential in the production of the songs on ''Criminal Minded'', being added as a member shortly after. From those beginnings, BDP members and collaborators included Ced Gee of Ultramagnetic MC's, ...
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Ronald Reagan
Ronald Wilson Reagan ( ; February 6, 1911June 5, 2004) was an American politician, actor, and union leader who served as the 40th president of the United States from 1981 to 1989. He also served as the 33rd governor of California from 1967 to 1975, after having a career in entertainment. Reagan was born in Tampico, Illinois. He graduated from Eureka College in 1932 and began to work as a sports announcer in Iowa. In 1937, Reagan moved to California, where he found Ronald Reagan filmography, work as a film actor. From 1947 to 1952, Reagan served as the president of the Screen Actors Guild, working to Hollywood blacklist, root out alleged communist influence within it. In the 1950s, he moved to a career in television and became a spokesman for General Electric. From 1959 to 1960, he again served as the guild's president. In 1964, his speech "A Time for Choosing" earned him national attention as a new conservative figure. Building a network of supporters, Reagan was 1966 Califo ...
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Militancy
The English word ''militant'' is both an adjective and a noun, and it is generally used to mean vigorously active, combative and/or aggressive, especially in support of a cause, as in "militant reformers". It comes from the 15th century Latin "''warrior''" meaning "to serve as a soldier". The related modern concept of the militia as a defensive organization against invaders grew out of the Anglo-Saxon fyrd. In times of crisis, the militiaman left his civilian duties and became a soldier until the emergency was over, when he returned to his civilian occupation. The current meaning of ''militant'' does not usually refer to a registered soldier: it can be anyone who subscribes to the idea of using vigorous, sometimes extreme, activity to achieve an objective, usually political. A "militant oliticalactivist" would be expected to be more confrontational and aggressive than an activist not described as militant. Militance may or may not include physical violence, armed combat, terro ...
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Bum Rush
Bum or bums may refer to: Slang * Buttocks, two rounded portions of the anatomy on the posterior of the pelvic region of many bipeds or quadrupeds * A lazy person * A homeless person *Bum a cigarette or a "smoke", meaning to borrow Places * Bum, Afghanistan, several locales * Bum, Azerbaijan, a village * Bum Chiefdom, Bonthe District, Sierra Leone People Nickname *Bum Bright (1920–2004), American businessman *Lee McClung (1870–1914), football player and 22nd Treasurer of the United States *Bum Phillips (1923–2013), American football coach Given name * Kim Bum (born 1989), South Korean actor * Woo Bum-kon, South Korean spree killer and mass murderer Surname * Khem Bahadur Bum, Nepalese politician elected in 2008 * Narendra Bahadur Bum, Nepalese politician elected in 1999 Other * Bachelor of Unani Medicine and Surgery, see Unani medicine#Education and recognition * Bums, nickname for Brooklyn Dodgers baseball team * B.U.M. Equipment, US clothing brand * Bum language, ...
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Jeff Chang (journalist)
Jeff Chang is an American historian, journalist, and music critic on hip hop music and culture. His 2005 book, '' Can't Stop Won't Stop'', which won the Before Columbus Foundation's American Book Award, chronicles the early hip hop scene. His writing has appeared in ''URB'', ''BOMB'', ''San Francisco Chronicle'', ''The Village Voice'', ''San Francisco Bay Guardian'', ''Vibe'', ''Spin'', ''The Nation'', and ''Mother Jones''. He has also been featured on NPR. Chang was the executive director of the Institute for Diversity in the Arts + Committee on Black Performing Arts at Stanford University. He also served as the executive director of the Institute for Diversity in the Arts at Stanford. In June 2018, the Institute announced that Chang would leave to become the first vice president of Narrative, Arts, and Culture at Race Forward. Chang resides in the San Francisco Bay Area. Early life and education Born of Chinese and Native Hawaiian ancestry, Chang was born and raised in H ...
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Chicago Tribune
The ''Chicago Tribune'' is a daily newspaper based in Chicago, Illinois, United States, owned by Tribune Publishing. Founded in 1847, and formerly self-styled as the "World's Greatest Newspaper" (a slogan for which WGN radio and television are named), it remains the most-read daily newspaper in the Chicago metropolitan area and the Great Lakes region. It had the sixth-highest circulation for American newspapers in 2017. In the 1850s, under Joseph Medill, the ''Chicago Tribune'' became closely associated with the Illinois politician Abraham Lincoln, and the Republican Party's progressive wing. In the 20th century under Medill's grandson, Robert R. McCormick, it achieved a reputation as a crusading paper with a decidedly more American-conservative anti-New Deal outlook, and its writing reached other markets through family and corporate relationships at the ''New York Daily News'' and the ''Washington Times-Herald.'' The 1960s saw its corporate parent owner, Tribune Company, rea ...
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Terminator X
Norman Rogers (born August 25, 1966), known professionally as Terminator X, is an American DJ best known for his work with hip hop group Public Enemy, which he left in 1998. He also produced two solo albums, '' Terminator X & The Valley of the Jeep Beets'' (1991) and '' Super Bad'' (1994), featuring Chuck D, Sister Souljah, DJ Kool Herc, the Cold Crush Brothers, and a bass music track by the Punk Barbarians. In 2013, Terminator X was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Public Enemy. Retirement After retiring from the music scene, Rogers ran an ostrich farm in Vance County, North Carolina. In November 2018, Terminator X married Robin Dugger in Dayton, Ohio. Discography Studio albums *'' Terminator X & The Valley of the Jeep Beets'' (1991) *'' Super Bad'' (1994) with Public Enemy * ''Yo! Bum Rush the Show'' (1987) * ''It Takes a Nation of Millions to Hold Us Back'' (1988) * ''Fear of a Black Planet'' (1990) * '' Apocalypse 91... The Enemy Strikes Blac ...
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