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Xenorhinotherium
''Xenorhinotherium'' is an extinct genus of macraucheniine macraucheniids, closely related to '' Macrauchenia'' of Patagonia. The type species is ''X. bahiense''.''Xenorhinotherium'' at .org Taxonomy Some authors consider the genus ''Xenorhinotherium'' a synonym of ''Macrauchenia'', while all others consider it a distinct genus. The name ''Xenorhinotherium'' means "Strange-Nosed Beast" and ''bahiense'' refers to the Brazilian state of , where the first fossils were found. ''Xenorhinotherium'' wa ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Macrauchenia
''Macrauchenia'' ("long llama", based on the now-invalid llama genus, ''Auchenia'', from Greek "big neck") was a large, long-necked and long-limbed, three-toed native South American mammal in the order Litopterna. The genus gives its name to its family, the Macraucheniidae or "robust litopterns". Like other litopterns, it is most closely related to the odd-toed ungulates ( Perissodactyla), from which litopterns diverged approximately 66 million years ago. The oldest fossils in the genus date to the late Miocene, around seven million years ago, and ''M. patachonica'' disappears from the fossil record during the late Pleistocene, around 20,000-10,000 years ago. ''M. patachonica'' is one of the last and best known member of the family and is known primarily from the Luján Formation in Argentina, but is known from localities across southern South America. Another genus of macraucheniid ''Xenorhinotherium'' was present in northeast Brazil and Venezuela during the Late Pleistocene. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Promacrauchenia
''Promacrauchenia'' is an extinct genus of macraucheniids that lived during the Late Miocene to Late Pliocene epochs of what is now Argentina and Bolivia. It belongs to the subfamily Macraucheniinae, which also includes ''Huayqueriana'', ''Macrauchenia'', and ''Xenorhinotherium.'' Fossils of this genus have been found in the Ituzaingó, Andalhuala, and Cerro Azul Formation The Cerro Azul Formation ( es, Formación Cerro Azul), in the Buenos Aires Province also described as Epecuén Formation, is a geological formation of Late Miocene (Tortonian, or Huayquerian in the SALMA classification) age in the Colorado Basin ...s of Argentina. Classification The genus ''Promacrauchenia'' was first described by Florentino Ameghino in 1904, on the basis of fossils found in Patagonia in lower Pliocene deposits and which Ameghino himself, years earlier, had described as a species of ''Macrauchenia'', as ''M. antiqua'' . In addition to the type species, ''Promacrauchenia'' ''antiqua'', o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pternoconius
''Pternoconius'' is an extinct genus of macraucheniid litoptern from the Late Oligocene and Early Miocene of Argentina. Fossils of this genus have been found in the Sarmiento Formation of Argentina. Etymology The genus name, ''Pternoconius'', is an anagram of the closely related genus '' Coniopternium''. The species name refers to the similarity of the Eocene genus '' Polymorphis''. Species ''Pternoconius tournoueri'' In 1985, fossils found in the Early Miocene Colhué Huapí Member of the Sarmiento Formation were assigned to the genus under the name ''Pternoconius tournoueri'', consisting of a nearly complete hemimandible. ''Pternoconius bondi'' In 2016 a new species of macraucheniid litoptern was described coming from the Bajada del Diablo locality in the Sarmiento Formation, consisting of the anterior portion of the skull with the maxillary region, some fragments of nasal bones, a small portion of the left zygomatic process, and most of the upper dentition (i.e., l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Macraucheniinae
Macraucheniinae is a extinct subfamily of macraucheniids that lived from the Late Miocene and potentially the Early Holocene The Holocene ( ) is the current geological epoch. It began approximately 11,650 cal years Before Present (), after the Last Glacial Period, which concluded with the Holocene glacial retreat. The Holocene and the preceding Pleistocene togeth ..., consisting of all the derived genera. Classification Below is a cladogram proposed by Schmidt ''et al''., (2014), showing the phylogenetic relationships between the genera of macraucheniines: References {{Taxonbar, from=Q134960 Macraucheniids Prehistoric animal subfamilies Pleistocene mammals of South America Neogene mammals of South America Messinian first appearances Holocene extinctions ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cullinia
''Cullinia'' is an extinct genus of litoptern, an order of South American native ungulates that included horse-like and camel-like animals such as ''Macrauchenia''. It is only known from fragmentary remains. ''Cullinia levis'' is known from Chasicoan remains found in the Arroyo Chasicó Formation of Argentina, and remains from the Brazilian state of Acre and the Huayquerian Ituzaingó Formation have been assigned to ''Cullinia'' sp. . History and naming ''Cullinia'' was described in 1931 by Cabrera and Kraglievich, from MLP 29-IX-178, an holotype containing several fragmentary remains including a mandible and a metatarsal. In 1995, Bond and López add to the holotype other remains from the upper dentition. It was named from the Araucanian word "cullin", meaning "animal". Description ''Cullinia'' was a slender, small Macraucheniidae. It had proportionally larger metapodials than '' Theosodon'', and its first lower molar was absent. Classification Below is a phylogeneti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scalabrinitherium
''Scalabrinitherium'' is an extinct genus of mammals of the family Macraucheniidae. Fossils of this animal were found among the fossils of prehistoric xenarthrans in the Ituzaingó Formation of Argentina.''Scalabrinitherium'' at Fossilworks.org Description This animal was rather similar to a with a slightly heavy build; the was long and low, the front teeth were slightly spatulate, and the nasal aperture set far back. It is possible that there was a strong prehens ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cramauchenia
''Cramauchenia'' is an extinct genus of litoptern South American ungulate. ''Cramauchenia'' was named by Florentino Ameghino. The name has no literal translation. Instead, it is an anagram of the name of a related genus ''Macrauchenia''. This genus was initially discovered in the Sarmiento Formation in the Chubut Province, in Argentina, and later it was found in the Chichinales Formation in the Río Negro Province and the Cerro Bandera Formation in Neuquén, also in Argentina, in sediments assigned to the SALMA Colhuehuapian (in the Early Miocene), as well as the Agua de la Piedra Formation in Mendoza, in sediments dated to the Deseadan (during the Late Oligocene). In 1981 Soria made ''C. insolita'' a junior synonym of ''C. normalis''. A specimen of ''C. normalis'' was described in 2010 from Cabeza Blanca (Chubut, Argentina) in the Sarmiento Formation, in sediments assigned to the Deseadan SALMA (Upper Oligocene). Description This animal had an appearance vaguely similar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Windhausenia
''Windhausenia'' is an extinct genus of mammals belonging to the family Macraucheniidae and the order Litopterna. While it reached the size of its better known relative ''Macrauchenia'', its constitution was lighter. Remains from the genus have been uncovered in Argentina. ''Windhausenia'' fossils were only found in the middle layers of the Uquía Formation. The genus was described in 1930 by Kraglievich, who considered it more derived than '' Promacrauchenia'', but less than ''Macrauchenia''. The genus survived the Great American Interchange. It had to compete with more derived relatives such as ''Macrauchenia'', and may have occupied a specialised ecological niche to avoid competition. Its remains are found in subtropical areas, while other genera were found in tropical and temperate environment. As fossils of this genus are often found in association with aeolian deposits, corresponding with arid and semiarid environments, it is possible it occupied more similar with m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Macraucheniidae
Macraucheniidae is a family in the extinct South American ungulate order Litopterna, that resembled various camelids. The reduced nasal bones of their skulls was originally suggested to have housed a small proboscis, similar to that of the saiga antelope. However, one study suggested that they were openings for large moose-like nostrils. Conversely, prehistoric pictographs by indigenous people seems to depict animals interpreted as macraucheniids with trunks. Their hooves were similar to those of rhinoceroses today, with a simple ankle joint and three digits on each foot. Thus, they may have been capable of rapid directional change when running away from predators, such as large phorusrhacid terror birds, sparassodont metatherians, giant short-faced bears ('' Arctotherium)'' and saber-toothed cats (''Smilodon''). Macraucheniids probably lived in large herds to gain protection against these predators, as well as to facilitate finding mates for reproduction. The family Macrauc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paranauchenia
''Paranauchenia'' is an extinct genus of South American litopterns belonging to the family Macraucheniidae. It is known only from fossil finds in Argentina. It possessed three toes and long limbs. The species ''Paranauchenia denticulata'' lived in the Miocene epoch in Argentina.Ameghino, F. 1904a. Nuevas especies de mamíferos Cretáceos y Terciarios de la República Argentina. ''Anales de la Sociedad Científica Argentina'' 16: 193-208; 17: 162-175, 182-192, 225-240, 241-291. Fossils have been found in the Arroyo Chasicó and Ituzaingó Formations of Argentina.''Paranauchenia'' at Fossilworks.org Classification |
Huayqueriana
''Huayqueriana'' is an extinct genus of South American litoptern, related to ''Macrauchenia'', and belonging to the same family, Macraucheniidae. It was formerly known as ''Macrauchenidia latidens'', described in 1939 by Cabrera, but redefined as ''Huayqueriana'' in 2016 based on the earlier name convention of Rovereto 1914.Forasiepi et al., 2016, p.11Cabrera (A.), 1939. Sobre vertebrados fósiles del Plioceno del Adolfo Alsina. ''Revista Museo de La Plata'', II (n. Serie), Paleont.: 3-35. The genus is named after the Huayquerías Formation and the eponymous Huayquerian South American land mammal age defined at the formation. Classification Cladogram based in the phylogenetic analysis In biology, phylogenetics (; from Greek φυλή/ φῦλον [] "tribe, clan, race", and wikt:γενετικός, γενετικός [] "origin, source, birth") is the study of the evolutionary history and relationships among or within groups o ... published by Schmidt ''et al''., 2014, showi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Theosodon
''Theosodon'' is an extinct genus of litoptern mammal from the Early to Middle Miocene of South America. Description ''Theosodon'' was long-legged with a long neck resembling modern llamas or guanacos. It was large for a litoptern, reaching up to in length and weighing up to . It had a long neck and tapir-like, three-toed feet, and like other litopterns and modern horses, tapirs and rhinos, it bore its weight on its middle toes. Extraordinarily, rather than having nostrils at the front of its head, ''Theosodon'' had its nostrils on the top of its snout, halfway between the forehead and the tip of the snout, and its nostrils pointed upwards rather than forwards, possibly as an adaptation for browsing on prickly vegetation. History and species ''Theosodon'' has been known since the 19th century, and by 1910 seven species had been described within the genus, all from the early Miocene Santa Cruz Formation in Argentina. The name ''Theosodon'' means "god tooth". The first fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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