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Xavier Niel
Xavier Niel (born 25 August 1967) is a French billionaire businessman involved in the telecommunications and technology industry. He is best known as founder and majority shareholder of the French Internet service provider and mobile operator Iliad trading under the Free brand (France's second-largest ISP, and third mobile operator). He is also co-owner of the newspaper ''Le Monde'', and co-owner of the rights of the song "My Way" and owner of Monaco Telecom, Salt Mobile SA and Eir. He is chairman and chief strategy officer for Iliad, but also a board member of KKR and Unibail-Rodamco-Westfield. As of August 2021, his net worth is estimated at US$10.5 billion. Early life and education Xavier Niel was born into a middle class family; his father is a lawyer for a pharmaceutical laboratory, and his mother is an accountant. He studied in the 12th arrondissement of Paris at the Saint-Michel-de-Picpus Catholic private high school. Niel started early by developing telecommunication ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maisons-Alfort
Maisons-Alfort () is a commune in the southeastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the center of Paris. Maisons-Alfort is famous as the location of the National Veterinary School of Alfort. The Fort de Charenton, constructed between 1841 and 1845, has since 1959 housed the ''Commandement des Écoles de la Gendarmerie Nationale''. Name Originally, Maisons-Alfort was called simply Maisons. The name Maisons comes from Medieval Latin ''Mansiones'', meaning "the houses". At the creation of the commune during the French Revolution, the name of the hamlet of Alfort was joined with the name of Maisons. The name Alfort comes from the manor built there by Peter of Aigueblanche, Bishop of Hereford (England), in the middle of the 13th century. The name of this Manor of Hereford was corrupted into ''Harefort'', then ''Hallefort'', and eventually Alfort. The National Veterinary School of Alfort was settled several centuries later in the manor and its estate. History On 1 Apri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sinclair ZX81
The ZX81 is a home computer that was produced by Sinclair Research and manufactured in Dundee, Scotland, by Timex Corporation. It was launched in the United Kingdom in March 1981 as the successor to Sinclair's ZX80 and designed to be a low-cost introduction to home computing for the general public. It was hugely successful; more than 1.5 million units were sold. In the United States it was initially sold as the ZX-81 under licence by Timex. Timex later produced its own versions of the ZX81: the Timex Sinclair 1000 and Timex Sinclair 1500. Unauthorized List of ZX80 and ZX81 clones, ZX81 clones were produced in several countries. The ZX81 was designed to be small, simple, and above all, inexpensive, with as few components as possible. Video output is to a television set rather than a dedicated computer monitor, monitor. computer program, Programs and data are Loader (computing), loaded and saved onto compact audio cassettes. It uses only four silicon chips and a mere 1 KB ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Epic (Malta)
Epic Communications Limited (formerly Vodafone Malta and Telecell) is a Maltese mobile network operator, and the second largest mobile network in Malta by number of customers. The company offers a full range of Voice, SMS and mobile Data services over 2G, 3G, 4G and 4G+ networks. The company adopted the Epic brand name in November 2020 after its acquisition by Monaco Telecom. History Telecell Limited was established in 1989 as the first mobile network provider in Malta. The first call was made on the Telecell network in 1990 whilst the first GSM call was made in 1997. Vodafone Malta's international gateway was launched in 2004 making it the first company in Malta to offer resilience and backup on international connectivity to the local business community. The international gateway spans approximately 250 km between Malta and Catania carrying three main types of traffic: Internet, Voice and Data. During August 2006, Vodafone was the first mobile network operator to deploy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cellnex
Cellnex Telecom is a Spanish wireless telecommunications infrastructure and services company with up to 53,000 sites throughout Europe. Its activity is divided into four main areas: services for telecommunications infrastructures; audiovisual broadcasting networks; security and emergency network services; and solutions for the intelligent management of urban infrastructures and services (smart cities and Internet of things). Franco Bernabè is the president of Cellnex Telecom after assuming the presidency of the company on July 25, 2019. Tobías Martínez, chief executive officer (CEO) and head of the company since November 2014, temporarily assumed the presidency of the company in February 2018 after the resignation of Francisco Reynés, who left office after being appointed CEO of Gas Natural Fenosa. The company's legal headquarters have been located at the offices on Calle Juan Esplandiú in Madrid since October 2017 due to the 2017–2018 Spanish constitutional crisis. Howe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cable & Wireless Communications
Cable & Wireless Communications Ltd operating as C&W Communications is a telecommunications company which has operations in the Caribbean and Central America. It is owned by Liberty Latin America and is headquartered in Denver, Colorado. It was formed when Cable & Wireless plc demerged in 2010 to form two companies (the other being Cable & Wireless Worldwide plc). In November 2015, Liberty Global announced it would purchase Cable & Wireless Communications. The company was officially acquired by Liberty Global on May 16, 2016. Following the split of Liberty Latin America from Liberty Global in 2018, Cable & Wireless became owned by Liberty Latin America. The company operates under a number of brands, including C&W Business, C&W Networks, Cable & Wireless Panama, and BTC Bahamas. After Cable & Wireless Communications purchased Columbus Communications in 2015, it replaced its LIME brand with Columbus' Communications History British and transatlantic cables and Eastern Tel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Play (telecommunications)
P4 sp. z o.o., known as Play (until January 2022, also as Play Communications SA, former parent company of P4 registered in Luxembourg), is a Polish cellular telecommunications provider. Play was founded in 2007 and has gradually increased its local market share, up to 27% . In September 2020, Play became part of French Iliad. Before being sold, Iceland's Novator Partners, led by Icelandic businessman Thor Bjorgolfsson, acquired a large stake in the company. As of November 20, 2020, Iliad owns 96,66% of Play. Network Play is the biggest cellular network in Poland. PLAY uses EGSM 900 and GSM1800 for its 2G services, UMTS 2100 and UMTS 900 for 3G and LTE800, LTE1800, LTE2100 and LTE 2600 for LTE. Its MCC is 260–06. Thanks to domestic roaming with Polkomtel (Plus) and Era ( T-Mobile.pl), Play is a nationwide cellular carrier. Native Network As of November 3, 2013, Play Mobile has 3288 EGSM 900 BTS, 4143 UMTS 2100 nodeB and 2175 UMTS 900 nodeB's. UMTS 900 and UMTS 2100 network Pl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iliad Italia
Iliad Italia S.p.A. is an Italian telephone company, part of the Iliad group. In March 2022, with 8.82 million active lines, it is the fourth mobile operator in Italy following Wind Tre, TIM and Vodafone Italy. History Iliad Italia S.p.A. was founded in 2016 as an Italian subsidiary of the French group Iliad S.A. In 2017, in view of the launch and in compliance with the provisions of the European Commission, the acquisition of the frequencies ceased by Wind Tre began following the merger of Wind and 3 Italy; as of 31 December 2017, Iliad has acquired almost 300 of the sites abandoned by Wind Tre, while the remaining will be transferred, according to the agreements, by the end of 2019. The French holding said it would invest more than €1 billion for the launch and development of the new Italian mobile operator (including those to win the new 5G frequencies in Italy) and also expected about a thousand hires. On 16 January 2018 the name of the Italian administrator of Il ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Free Mobile
Free Mobile () is a French wireless service provider, part of the Iliad group. It was the fourth mobile network operator to obtain a metropolitan French 3G license in 2009. It also obtained a 4G license in 2011. Free Mobile provides wireless services to 14.042 million subscribers as of September 2022. History 3G license (900 MHz and 2100 MHz) The first 3G licenses were awarded to France Telecom (now Orange) in 2000, SFR in 2000 and Bouygues Telecom in 2002. Free Mobile application has been agreed by French regulatory authority ARCEP on 17 December 2009. The license price is 240 million euros for two 5 MHz duplex bands in the 900 MHz and 2100 MHz frequency bands. Roaming agreement Free Mobile signed a 2G and 3G roaming agreement with Orange on 3 March 2011. It was initially set to run until 31 December 2020. It was extended for 2 more years, up to 31 December 2022, on 28 October 2020. 100% of the 2G traffic will go through Orange's network as Free Mo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Online SAS
Scaleway (previously Online SAS or Online.net) is a French Cloud computing and web hosting company, founded by Xavier Niel in 1999 and a majority owned subsidiary of the Iliad group. The company provides physical dedicated servers and cloud computing architectures through Scaleway Dedibox and Scaleway Elements brands, domain registration services through the BookMyName brand, and colocation services in its datacenters through the brand Scaleway Datacenters. The company is the second player in France with over Tb/s of Internet traffic. Repeat software entrepreneur Yann Lechelle joined as CEO in early 2020. History In 1999, Online started its activities in web hosting and domain name registration services In August 2002, the domain name registrar BookMyName has been bought by Iliad from the concurrent LDCom. In May 2006, rental of dedicated servers through the Dedibox brand was launched. In December 2008, Iliad bought Alice ADSL: They also took over construction and oper ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Triple Play (telecommunications)
In telecommunications, triple play service is a marketing term for the provisioning, over a single broadband connection, of two bandwidth-intensive services, broadband Internet access and television, and the latency-sensitive telephone. Triple play focuses on a supplier convergence rather than solving technical issues or a common standard. However, standards like G.hn might deliver all these services on a common technology. Quadruple play A so-called quadruple play (or quad play) service integrates mobility as well, often by supporting dual mode mobile plus hotspot-based phones that shift from GSM to Wi-Fi when they come in range of a home wired for triple-play service. Typical Generic Access Network services of this kind, such as Rogers Home Calling Zone (Rogers is an incumbent in the Canadian market), allow the caller to enter and leave the range of their home Wi-Fi network, and only pay GSM rates for the time they spend outside the range. Calls at home are routed over th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Business Model
A business model describes how an organization creates, delivers, and captures value,''Business Model Generation'', Alexander Osterwalder, Yves Pigneur, Alan Smith, and 470 practitioners from 45 countries, self-published, 2010 in economic, social, cultural or other contexts. The process of business model construction and modification is also called ''business model innovation'' and forms a part of business strategy. In theory and practice, the term ''business model'' is used for a broad range of informal and formal descriptions to represent core aspects of an organization or business, including purpose, business process, target customers, offerings, strategies, infrastructure, organizational structures, sourcing, trading practices, and operational processes and policies including culture. Context The literature has provided very diverse interpretations and definitions of a business model. A systematic review and analysis of manager responses to a survey defines business models ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iliad SA
Iliad S.A. is a French provider of telecommunication services. It is based in Paris and its operations comprise fixed and mobile telephony services, prepaid phone cards and internet access providing and hosting services. The company was founded by Xavier Niel in 1990. History Free Mobile, a subsidiary of Iliad, was launched in 2012. As of December 2013, it was France's fourth largest mobile operator, having gained a 12% share of the market. On August 1, 2014, Iliad SA publicly announced a bid to acquire a 56% stake in the United States wireless carrier T-Mobile US for US$16 billion. The bid came amidst reports that competing carrier Sprint Corporation, owned by Japanese firm Softbank, was planning its own US$24 billion merger. The bid was dropped in October 2014. As of the end of 2012, the company was active in over 35 countries. In 2019, Iliad made 5.33 billion revenue. Iliad Italia, an Italian subsidiary of Iliad, was launched in Milan, Lombardy on May 29, 2018. Subs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
