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Xanthoparmelia Lineola
''Xanthoparmelia lineola'', commonly known as the tight rock-shield, is a foliose lichen species in the genus ''Xanthoparmelia''. It is a common species with a temperate distribution. Found in North America and South Africa, it grows on rocks. Taxonomy It was originally described in 1941 as a species of ''Parmelia'' by Edward Cain Berry. It was one of 93 species that was transferred to ''Xanthoparmelia'' when Mason Hale promoted that taxon from subgeneric to generic status in 1974. It is commonly known as the tight rock-shield. Description ''Xanthoparmelia lineola'' has a thallus that is tightly attached (adnate) on its rock substrate. Yellowish green in colour, it grows to in diameter. The lobes are irregular in shape and measure 0.8–2 mm wide. Isidia and soredia are not present on the thallus. The medulla is white with a flat lower surface. The rhizines are pale, unbranched, and measure 0.2–0.4 mm long. The lichen has well-developed apothecia (2–5 in di ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sweetgrass Hills
The Sweet Grass Hills (Blackfoot: ''kátoyissiksi'', Cheyenne: ''vé'ho'ôhtsévóse'', Salish: ''ččaɫalqn '', "three peaks") are a small group of low mountains rising more than 3,000 feet above the surrounding plains southwest of Whitlash, Montana in Liberty and Toole County, Montana. The tallest point in the hills is West Butte at . Quite prominent in the local area, they are clearly visible from US Highway 2 to the south, I-15, and can sometimes be seen as far North as the Crowsnest Highway ( Highway 3) near Medicine Hat in Alberta as well as from the West, near Glacier National Park and Browning, Montana. Other named peaks in the small group are Gold Butte (6,512 feet), East Butte (with two peaks, the taller of which at 6,958 ft), and Mount Lebanon (5807 ft). The Sweet Grass Hills are an example of the island ranges that dot the central third portion of the state of Montana. These island ranges, completely surrounded by the 'sea' of plains and not geographical ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ascospore
An ascus (; ) is the sexual spore-bearing cell produced in ascomycete fungi. Each ascus usually contains eight ascospores (or octad), produced by meiosis followed, in most species, by a mitotic cell division. However, asci in some genera or species can occur in numbers of one (e.g. ''Monosporascus cannonballus''), two, four, or multiples of four. In a few cases, the ascospores can bud off conidia that may fill the asci (e.g. ''Tympanis'') with hundreds of conidia, or the ascospores may fragment, e.g. some ''Cordyceps'', also filling the asci with smaller cells. Ascospores are nonmotile, usually single celled, but not infrequently may be coenocytic (lacking a septum), and in some cases coenocytic in multiple planes. Mitotic divisions within the developing spores populate each resulting cell in septate ascospores with nuclei. The term ocular chamber, or oculus, refers to the epiplasm (the portion of cytoplasm not used in ascospore formation) that is surrounded by the "bourrelet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thomas Hawkes Nash III
Thomas Hawkes Nash III (born November 13, 1945) is an American lichenologist. His research is about the biology and ecology of lichens, and the effects of air pollution on plants and lichens. He is known as an authority on the family Parmeliaceae. During his long career at the Arizona State University, he helped develop the lichen herbarium into a world-class collection with over 100,000 specimens representing more than 5000 species. In 2010, the year of his retirement, he was awarded the Acharius Medal for lifetime achievements in lichenology, and the following year had a ''Festschrift'' published in his honor. Biography Nash was born in Arlington, Virginia, in 1945. He received a B.Sc. from Duke University in 1967. It was around this time that he was introduced to lichens by ecologist Larry Bliss; he would later take an advanced undergraduate class on lichens given by William Culberson, and a lichenology summer course given by Mason Hale. Nash later went on to earn an M.Sc. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arizona
Arizona ( ; nv, Hoozdo Hahoodzo ; ood, Alĭ ṣonak ) is a state in the Southwestern United States. It is the 6th largest and the 14th most populous of the 50 states. Its capital and largest city is Phoenix. Arizona is part of the Four Corners region with Utah to the north, Colorado to the northeast, and New Mexico to the east; its other neighboring states are Nevada to the northwest, California to the west and the Mexican states of Sonora and Baja California to the south and southwest. Arizona is the 48th state and last of the contiguous states to be admitted to the Union, achieving statehood on February 14, 1912. Historically part of the territory of in New Spain, it became part of independent Mexico in 1821. After being defeated in the Mexican–American War, Mexico ceded much of this territory to the United States in 1848. The southernmost portion of the state was acquired in 1853 through the Gadsden Purchase. Southern Arizona is known for its desert cl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xanthoparmelia Knudsenii
''Xanthoparmelia knudsenii'' is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. Found in the United States, it was formally described as a new species in 2009 by the lichenologists Arne Thell, John Alan Elix and Ulrik Søchting. The type specimen was collected from Mohave County, Arizona in May 2003. The species epithet honors American lichenologist Kerry Knudsen. The distribution of this species includes southwestern North America, extending south to central Mexico. It grows on acidic rock Acidic rock or acid rock refers to the chemical composition of igneous rocks that has 63% wt% SiO2 content. Rocks described as acidic usually contain more than 20% of free quartz. Typical acidic rocks are granite or rhyolite. Term is used in che ...s in semi-open woodlands. See also * List of ''Xanthoparmelia'' species References {{Taxonbar, from=Q10721343 Teloschistales Lichen species Lichens described in 1994 Lichens of Mexico Lichens of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vagrant Lichen
A vagrant lichen is a lichen that is either not attached to a substrate, or can become unattached then blow around, yet continue to grow and flourish. Some authors reserve the expression "vagrant lichen" for those lichens that never attach, that is, those that are ''obligately'' vagrant, referring to vagrant forms of other species as "erratic lichen".Rosentreter, Roger, "Vagrant Lichens in North America," Bryologist 96(3) (1993) pg. 333. Online at https://www.jstor.org/stable/3243861?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents Vagrant lichens generally occur in open and windswept habitats, all over the world, in all kinds of temperature zones. Habitats include saltbush (mallee) vegetation zones in Australia, steppes of Eurasia, Arctic tundra, and the North American prairie. They range from the low elevations of the Namib Desert to the high altitude Andean páramo. There are under 100 identified vagrant species, most commonly in the '' Aspicilia'' and '' Xanthoparmelia'' genera Genus ( plural gen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xanthoparmelia Chlorochroa
''Xanthoparmelia chlorochroa'', known as the tumbleweed shield lichen or ground lichen, is a foliose lichen in the Parmeliaceae family. It is not fixed to a substrate, and blows around in the wind from location to location. Distribution and habitat This lichen is abundant on the High Plains of Wyoming. Its distribution covers intermountain regions of western North America, and Mexico. Uses Tumbleweed shield lichen is used as a dye by Navajo rug weavers. It has been used as a remedy for impetigo by the Navajo. Toxicity It was implicated in the poisoning of domestic sheep and cattle in Wyoming during the 1930s. It has also been implicated in the poisoning of elk The elk (''Cervus canadensis''), also known as the wapiti, is one of the largest species within the deer family, Cervidae, and one of the largest terrestrial mammals in its native range of North America and Central and East Asia. The common ... in 2004. See also * List of ''Xanthoparmelia'' species References ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xanthoparmelia Wyomingica
''Xanthoparmelia wyomingica'' is a foliose lichen that belongs to the genus ''Xanthoparmelia''. Description The lichen grows to around 4-8 cm in diameter with irregularly lobate lobes which are approximately 1-3 mm wide. The upper surface of the lichen is yellow-green with a smooth and shiny surface while the lower surface is often pale or dark brown in color. Habitat and range The lichen is found in North America and was first isolated in the US State of Wyoming which it was named after. Wyoming is the southernmost extent of this lichen with its northernmost extent being the Northwest Territories The Northwest Territories (abbreviated ''NT'' or ''NWT''; french: Territoires du Nord-Ouest, formerly ''North-Western Territory'' and ''North-West Territories'' and namely shortened as ''Northwest Territory'') is a federal territory of Canada. ... in Canada. See also * List of ''Xanthoparmelia'' species References wyomingica Lichen species Taxa named ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xanthoparmelia Coloradoensis
''Xanthoparmelia'' (commonly known as green rock shields or rock-shield lichens) is a genus of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae.Field Guide to California Lichens, Stephen Sharnoff, Yale University Press, 2014, ''Xanthoparmelia'' is synonymous with ''Almbornia'', ''Neofuscelia'', ''Chondropsis'', ''Namakwa'', ''Paraparmelia'', and ''Xanthomaculina''. This genus of lichen is commonly found in the United States, as well as Australia, New Zealand and Ecuador. The name means 'golden yellow parmelia'. The photobiont (photosynthetic partner) is ''Trebouxia'' (a genus of green algae). Identification Distinguishing between species involves how much they are attached to the substrate, whether or not isidia are present, lower surface color, and chemical spot tests. All members of the genus react to spot test as K-, KC+ yellow, with medulla reaction varying from species to species. Species Species include: * ''Xanthoparmelia chlorochroa'' * '' Xanthoparmelia conspersa'' (''Parme ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Usnic Acid
Usnic acid is a naturally occurring dibenzofuran derivative found in several lichen species with the formula C18H16O7. It was first isolated by German scientist W. Knop in 1844 and first synthesized between 1933-1937 by Curd and Robertson. Usnic acid was identified in many genera of lichens including ''Usnea'', '' Cladonia'', ''Hypotrachyna'', ''Lecanora'', ''Ramalina'', '' Evernia'', ''Parmelia'' and '' Alectoria''. Although it is generally believed that usnic acid is exclusively restricted to lichens, in a few unconfirmed isolated cases the compound was found in kombucha tea and non-lichenized ascomycetes. At normal conditions, usnic acid is a bitter, yellow, solid substance. It is known to occur in nature in both the d- and l-forms as well as a racemic mixture. Salts of usnic acid are called usnates (e.g. copper usnate). Biological role in lichens Usnic acid is a secondary metabolite in lichens whose role has not been completely elucidated. It is believed that usnic acid prote ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constipatic Acid
Constipatic acid is a fatty acid found in several lichen species. It was isolated, identified, and named by Douglas Chester and John Alan Elix in a 1979 publication. The compound was extracted from the Australian leafy lichen called '' Xanthoparmelia constipata'' (after which the compound is named), which was collected on schist boulders west of Springton, South Australia. The related compounds protoconstipatic acid and dehydroconstipatic acid were also reported concurrently. Syo Kurokawa and Rex Filson had previously detected the compounds using thin-layer chromatography when they formally described the lichen as a new species in 1975, but had not characterised them chemically. After conversion of constipatic acid to methyl constipatate, a mass spectra of the compound revealed four diagnostic peaks at the mass-to-charge ratio (m/e) of 367, 338, 279 and 169. The peaks correspond to the cleavage of a methyl group, the 1-hydroxyethyl moiety, the methoxycarbonyl group (i.e. CH3- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
