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Xtra (ISP)
Xtra was a brand used by New Zealand telecommunications provider Spark New Zealand, Spark (previously Telecom) for its Internet service provider subsidiary from 1996 to 2008. At its inception, Xtra provided only dial-up Internet access, but began providing asymmetric digital subscriber line, ADSL service in 1999. The brand was largely retired in 2008, with internet services adopting the name of Xtra's parent company Telecom (now Spark). Today, the Xtra brand remains active only as the name of Spark's webmail service, powered by New Zealand-based SMX. The Xtra name was also used for Yahoo!Xtra, a joint venture web portal between Telecom and Yahoo!7 that operated between 2007 and 2011, as well as XtraMSN (a joint venture with MSN). History and trading practices In 1999 Telecom created New Zealand's only ADSL service. Telecom later allowed other ISPs to access its ADSL networks (under increasing government and public pressure), although some claimed that Telecom provided unfair and ...
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Subsidiary
A subsidiary, subsidiary company or daughter company is a company owned or controlled by another company, which is called the parent company or holding company. Two or more subsidiaries that either belong to the same parent company or having a same management being substantially controlled by same entity/group are called sister companies. The subsidiary can be a company (usually with limited liability) and may be a government- or state-owned enterprise. They are a common feature of modern business life, and most multinational corporations organize their operations in this way. Examples of holding companies are Berkshire Hathaway, Jefferies Financial Group, The Walt Disney Company, Warner Bros. Discovery, or Citigroup; as well as more focused companies such as IBM, Xerox, and Microsoft. These, and others, organize their businesses into national and functional subsidiaries, often with multiple levels of subsidiaries. Details Subsidiaries are separate, distinct legal entities f ...
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Fair Trading Act 1986
The Fair Trading Act 1986 is a statute of New Zealand, developed as complementary legislation to the Commerce Act 1986. Its purpose is to encourage competition and to protect consumers/customers from misleading and deceptive conduct and unfair trade practices. The Fair Trading Act provides for consumer information standards. Under the Act, the Commerce Commission enforces product safety standards on items such as bicycles and flammability of children's night clothing. Main rules The Act protects customers from unfair conduct. Unfair conduct has been classified in the act as the following: # Misleading and deceptive conduct: Generally, in relation to goods, in relation to services and in relation to employment # Unsubstantial representation # False representations # Unfair practices: These include but are not limited to Bait advertising, referral selling and trading stamp schemes. Regulation relation to Trading stamp schemes however has been repealed. Part 2 of the Act also ...
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Internet Service Providers Of New Zealand
The Internet (or internet) is the global system of interconnected computer networks that uses the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to communicate between networks and devices. It is a '' network of networks'' that consists of private, public, academic, business, and government networks of local to global scope, linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless, and optical networking technologies. The Internet carries a vast range of information resources and services, such as the inter-linked hypertext documents and applications of the World Wide Web (WWW), electronic mail, telephony, and file sharing. The origins of the Internet date back to the development of packet switching and research commissioned by the United States Department of Defense in the 1960s to enable time-sharing of computers. The primary precursor network, the ARPANET, initially served as a backbone for interconnection of regional academic and military networks in the 1970s to enable resource sharing. Th ...
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The Dominion Post (Wellington)
''The Dominion Post'' is a metropolitan daily newspaper published in Wellington, New Zealand. It is owned by media business Stuff Ltd, formerly the New Zealand branch of Australian media company Fairfax Media. Weekday issues are now in tabloid format, and its Saturday edition is in broadsheet format. Since 2020 the editor has been Anna Fifield. History ''The Dominion Post'' was created in July 2002 when Independent Newspapers Limited (INL) amalgamated two Wellington printed and published metropolitan broadsheet newspapers, '' The Evening Post'', an evening paper first published on 8 February 1865, and '' The Dominion'', a morning paper first published on Dominion Day, 26 September 1907. ''The Dominion'' was distributed throughout the lower half of the North Island, as far as Taupo, where it met with Auckland's ambitiously named ''The New Zealand Herald''. ''The Evening Post'' was not so widely distributed, but had a much greater circulation than ''The Dominion''. INL sold ...
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Yahoo!
Yahoo! (, styled yahoo''!'' in its logo) is an American web services provider. It is headquartered in Sunnyvale, California and operated by the namesake company Yahoo Inc., which is 90% owned by investment funds managed by Apollo Global Management and 10% by Verizon Communications. It provides a web portal, search engine Yahoo Search, and related services, including My Yahoo!, Yahoo Mail, Yahoo News, Yahoo Finance, Yahoo Sports and its advertising platform, Yahoo! Native. Yahoo was established by Jerry Yang and David Filo in January 1994 and was one of the pioneers of the early Internet era in the 1990s. However, usage declined in the late 2000s as some services discontinued and it lost market share to Facebook and Google. History Founding In January 1994, Yang and Filo were electrical engineering graduate students at Stanford University, when they created a website named "Jerry and David's guide to the World Wide Web". The site was a human-edited web directory, or ...
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Microsoft
Microsoft Corporation is an American multinational technology corporation producing computer software, consumer electronics, personal computers, and related services headquartered at the Microsoft Redmond campus located in Redmond, Washington, United States. Its best-known software products are the Windows line of operating systems, the Microsoft Office suite, and the Internet Explorer and Edge web browsers. Its flagship hardware products are the Xbox video game consoles and the Microsoft Surface lineup of touchscreen personal computers. Microsoft ranked No. 21 in the 2020 Fortune 500 rankings of the largest United States corporations by total revenue; it was the world's largest software maker by revenue as of 2019. It is one of the Big Five American information technology companies, alongside Alphabet, Amazon, Apple, and Meta. Microsoft was founded by Bill Gates and Paul Allen on April 4, 1975, to develop and sell BASIC interpreters for the Altair 8800. It rose to do ...
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Hotmail
Outlook.com is a webmail service that is part of the Microsoft 365 product family. It offers mail, Calendaring software, calendaring, Address book, contacts, and Task management, tasks services. Founded in 1996 by Sabeer Bhatia and Jack Smith (Hotmail), Jack Smith as Hotmail, it was acquired by Microsoft in 1997 for an estimated $400 million and relaunched as ''MSN Hotmail'', later rebranded to ''Windows Live Hotmail'' as part of the Windows Live suite of products. Microsoft phased out Hotmail in October 2011, relaunching the service as Outlook.com in 2012. History Launch of Hotmail Hotmail service was founded by Sabeer Bhatia and Jack Smith (Hotmail), Jack Smith, and was one of the first webmail services on the Internet along with RocketMail, Four11's RocketMail (later Yahoo! Mail). It was commercially launched on July 4, 1996, symbolizing "freedom" from Internet service provider, ISP-based email and the ability to access a user's inbox from anywhere in the world. The name ...
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XtraMSN
Yahoo!Xtra was a New Zealand web portal that existed under that name from 2007 to 2011. It was a joint venture between Yahoo!7 and Telecom New Zealand (now Spark). Yahoo!7 held a 51 percent stake in the company and Telecom NZ held 49 percent. Because Yahoo!7 is a 50/50 venture, Yahoo! proper was therefore a 25.5% owner of Yahoo!Xtra. Telecom announced in April 2011 that it had sold its share to Yahoo!7 and Yahoo!Xtra was rebranded as Yahoo! New Zealand. XtraMSN Telecom launched Internet service provider Xtra in 1996, which was New Zealand's largest ISP (). In 2001 Telecom partnered with MSN to create the web portal XtraMSN, which by 2006 was receiving over 100 million total page impressions per month. Visitor numbers to XtraMSN grew by 45 percent in its last two years and the website attracted more than 3 million unique browsers per month. Move to Yahoo In December 2006, Telecom made a new agreement, founding a joint venture with Australia's Yahoo!7 – itself a joint compa ...
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Telecom Xtra 1996
Telecom may refer to: * Telecommunications ** A telephone company (or ''telecommunications service provider'') ** The telecommunications industry * Telecom Animation Film, a Japanese studio See also * Telcom (other) * Telekom (other) * List of telephone operating companies This list identifies the fixed line operators and the mobile operators for the top 200 most populous countries in the world. The list of countries and their populations is from List of countries by population. The CIA World Factbook is cited ... ** BH Telecom, Bosnia and Herzegovina ** Bouygues Telecom, France ** BT Group, formerly British Telecom, United Kingdom ** China Telecom, China ** ER-Telecom, Russia ** Orange SA, formerly France Télécom ** Golan Telecom, Israel ** Hong Kong Telecom, China ** Nepal Telecom, Nepal ** Nortel, formerly Northern Telecom, Canada ** Rostelecom, Russia ** Telecom Argentina ** Telecom Éireann, Ireland ** Telecom Italia, Italy ** Telstra, formerly T ...
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Grandfathering
A grandfather clause, also known as grandfather policy, grandfathering, or grandfathered in, is a provision in which an old rule continues to apply to some existing situations while a new rule will apply to all future cases. Those exempt from the new rule are said to have grandfather rights or acquired rights, or to have been grandfathered in. Frequently, the exemption is limited, as it may extend for a set time, or it may be lost under certain circumstances; for example, a grandfathered power plant might be exempt from new, more restrictive pollution laws, but the exception may be revoked and the new rules would apply if the plant were expanded. Often, such a provision is used as a compromise or out of practicality, to allow new rules to be enacted without upsetting a well-established logistical or political situation. This extends the idea of a rule not being retroactively applied. Origin Southern United States The term originated in late nineteenth-century legislation and ...
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DNSBL
A Domain Name System blocklist, Domain Name System-based blackhole list, Domain Name System blacklist (DNSBL) or real-time blackhole list (RBL) is a service for operation of mail servers to perform a check via a Domain Name System (DNS) query whether a sending host's IP address is blacklisted for email spam. Most mail server software can be configured to check such lists, typically rejecting or flagging messages from such sites. A DNSBL is a software mechanism, rather than a specific list or policy. Dozens of DNSBLs exist. They use a wide array of criteria for listing and delisting addresses. These may include listing the addresses of zombie computers or other machines being used to send spam, Internet service providers (ISPs) who willingly host spammers, or those which have sent spam to a honeypot system. Since the creation of the first DNSBL in 1998, the operation and policies of these lists have frequently been controversial, both in Internet advocacy circles and occasionall ...
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Open Mail Relay
An open mail relay is a Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) server configured in such a way that it allows anyone on the Internet to send e-mail through it, not just mail destined to or originating from known users. This used to be the default configuration in many mail servers; indeed, it was the way the Internet was initially set up, but open mail relays have become unpopular because of their exploitation by spammers and worms. Many relays were closed, or were placed on blacklists by other servers. History and technology Until the 1990s, mail servers were commonly intentionally configured as open relays; in fact, this was frequently the installation default setting. The traditional store and forward method of relaying e-mail to its destination required that it was passed from computer to computer (through and beyond the Internet) via modems on telephone lines. For many early networks, such as UUCPNET, FidoNet and BITNET, lists of machines that were open relays were a core par ...
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