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William John Peters
William John Peters (February 5, 1863 – July 10, 1942) was an American explorer and scientist who worked extensively in the Arctic and tropics. His significant contributions the study of geomagnetism at sea in the early 1900s helped lay the foundation for the current scientific understanding of Earth's magnetism. Early life Born in Oakland, California, in 1863, Peters was son of William Bonaventure Peters and Margaret Major. He took courses in botany and chemistry at the University of California, Berkeley. Before obtaining his degree, he was recruited to conduct boundary surveys in some western states with his uncles, the Major brothers. From 1884 to 1898, Peters worked as a topographer for the United States Geological Survey, primarily in the western states, including California, the Dakotas, Iowa, Kansas, and Nebraska. Arctic exploration From 1898 to 1902, Peters continued his work for the United States Geological Survey, mostly in Alaska, where he worked with Alfred B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arctic
The Arctic ( or ) is a polar regions of Earth, polar region located at the northernmost part of Earth. The Arctic consists of the Arctic Ocean, adjacent seas, and parts of Canada (Yukon, Northwest Territories, Nunavut), Danish Realm (Greenland), Finland, Iceland, Norway, Russia (Murmansk Oblast, Murmansk, Siberia, Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Nenets Okrug, Novaya Zemlya), Sweden and the United States (Alaska). Land within the Arctic region has seasonally varying snow and sea ice, ice cover, with predominantly treeless permafrost (permanently frozen underground ice) containing tundra. Arctic seas contain seasonal sea ice in many places. The Arctic region is a unique area among Earth's ecosystems. The cultures in the region and the Arctic indigenous peoples have adapted to its cold and extreme conditions. Life in the Arctic includes zooplankton and phytoplankton, fish and marine mammals, birds, land animals, plants and human societies. Arctic land is bordered by the subarctic. De ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Denali
Denali (; also known as Mount McKinley, its former official name) is the highest mountain peak in North America, with a summit elevation of above sea level. With a topographic prominence of and a topographic isolation of , Denali is the third most prominent and third most isolated peak on Earth, after Mount Everest and Aconcagua. Located in the Alaska Range in the interior of the U.S. state of Alaska, Denali is the centerpiece of Denali National Park and Preserve. The Koyukon people who inhabit the area around the mountain have referred to the peak as "Denali" for centuries. In 1896, a gold prospector named it "Mount McKinley" in support of then-presidential candidate William McKinley; that name was the official name recognized by the federal government of the United States from 1917 until 2015. In August 2015, 40 years after Alaska had done so, the United States Department of the Interior announced the change of the official name of the mountain to Denali. In 1903, Jame ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Umberto Cagni
Umberto Cagni (24 February 1863 in Asti – 22 April 1932 in Genoa) was a polar explorer and an admiral in the Royal Italian Navy. He is best known for his leadership in a probe, by dogsled, northward over the surface of the Arctic Ocean in 1900. While his party failed in their goal of reaching the North Pole, on 25 April 1900 Cagni and his men achieved the northernmost point achieved by exploration up to that time, 86° 34′ N. Life and career Cagni was born in the fast-growing Kingdom of Italy, which had been proclaimed only two years earlier during the ''Risorgimento''. His well-placed father, a Piedmontese general, bestowed kinship ties that led to young Cagni being accepted for training by the Italian navy as a future officer. He was commissioned as an ensign in 1881. Cagni advanced in the service in terms of both rank and connections. By 1899, he was a captain in the ''Regia Marina'' and a close associate of Prince Luigi Amedeo. The prince was an Italian duke, nephew o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Farthest North
Farthest North describes the most northerly latitude reached by explorers, before the first successful expedition to the North Pole rendered the expression obsolete. The Arctic polar regions are much more accessible than those of the Antarctic, as continental land masses extend to high latitudes and sea voyages to the regions are relatively short. Early voyages The most northerly point of Europe, Knivskjellodden in Norway, lies at . War and trade had led to voyages between western Norway and Northern Russia around Knivskjellodden and the North Cape since at least the 15th Century. John Davis on his third voyage to seek the Northwest Passage in 1587 sailed up the Strait that bears his name, between Greenland and Baffin Island, to a latitude of . A Dutch expedition led by Willem Barentz, attempting the Northeast Passage reached on , on the NW coast of Spitsbergen. In 1607, Henry Hudson probably reached Hakluyt's Headland (a little south of the latitude reached by Barentz), but ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
North Pole
The North Pole, also known as the Geographic North Pole or Terrestrial North Pole, is the point in the Northern Hemisphere where the Earth's axis of rotation meets its surface. It is called the True North Pole to distinguish from the Magnetic North Pole. The North Pole is by definition the northernmost point on the Earth, lying antipodally to the South Pole. It defines geodetic latitude 90° North, as well as the direction of true north. At the North Pole all directions point south; all lines of longitude converge there, so its longitude can be defined as any degree value. No time zone has been assigned to the North Pole, so any time can be used as the local time. Along tight latitude circles, counterclockwise is east and clockwise is west. The North Pole is at the center of the Northern Hemisphere. The nearest land is usually said to be Kaffeklubben Island, off the northern coast of Greenland about away, though some perhaps semi-permanent gravel banks lie slightly clos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ziegler Polar Expedition
The Ziegler polar expedition of 1903–1905, also known as the Fiala expedition, was a failed attempt to reach the North Pole. The expedition party remained stranded north of the Arctic Circle for two years before being rescued, yet all but one of its members survived. The expedition is so named as it was funded by industrialist William Ziegler and led by explorer Anthony Fiala. Planning In the previous two years Ziegler had funded the 1901-1902 Baldwin-Ziegler Polar Expedition, but was dissatisfied with the results achieved by expedition leader Evelyn Briggs Baldwin. He selected Anthony Fiala, who was a photographer on the previous mission, to lead the second expedition. He was to renew the efforts to reach the pole with dog sledges from Franz Josef Land where plenty of Baldwin's provisions were still stored in depots. The 35 expedition members included many from the previous expedition. Ziegler chose William Peters as second-in-command. Fiala calculated that the food requirem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anthony Fiala
Anthony Fiala (September 19, 1869 – April 8, 1950) was an American explorer, born in Jersey City, New Jersey, Jersey City, New Jersey, and educated at Cooper Union and the National Academy of Design, New York City. In early life he was engaged in various employments—as lithographic designer, chemist, cartoonist, head of the art and engraving department of the Brooklyn ''Brooklyn Eagle, Daily Eagle'' (1894–99), and correspondent for that paper while serving as a trooper in the Spanish–American War. In 1901 and 1902, he accompanied the Baldwin-Ziegler Polar Expedition as photographer. From 1903 to 1905, he was in command of the Ziegler Polar Expedition, sent out by Ziegler from Tromsø in July 1903. The party reached 82° 4' N, and surveyed the Franz Joseph Land, Franz Joseph Archipelago, but lost their ship, ''America'' in Rudolf Island, Teplitz Bay and failed to reach the pole. A relief party sent out under William S. Champ found Fiala and his men at Cape Dillon in July ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Geographic Society
The National Geographic Society (NGS), headquartered in Washington, D.C., United States, is one of the largest non-profit scientific and educational organizations in the world. Founded in 1888, its interests include geography, archaeology, and natural science, the promotion of environmental and historical conservation, and the study of world culture and history. The National Geographic Society's logo is a yellow portrait frame—rectangular in shape—which appears on the margins surrounding the front covers of its magazines and as its television channel logo. Through National Geographic Partners (a joint venture with The Walt Disney Company), the Society operates the magazine, TV channels, a website, worldwide events, and other media operations. Overview The National Geographic Society was founded on 13 January 1888 "to increase and diffuse geographic knowledge". It is governed by a board of trustees whose 33 members include distinguished educators, business executives, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Point Barrow
Point Barrow or Nuvuk is a headland on the Arctic coast in the U.S. state of Alaska, northeast of Utqiaġvik (formerly Barrow). It is the northernmost point of all the territory of the United States, at , south of the North Pole. (The northernmost point on the North American mainland, Murchison Promontory in Canada, is farther north.) Point Barrow is an important geographical landmark, marking the limit between two marginal seas of the Arctic Ocean, the Chukchi Sea to the west and the Beaufort Sea to the east. It was named by English explorer Frederick William Beechey in 1826 for Sir John Barrow, a statesman and geographer of the British Admiralty. The water around it is normally ice-free for two or three months a year, but this was not the experience of the early explorers. Beechey could not reach it by ship and had to send a ship's boat ahead. In 1826 John Franklin tried to reach it from the east and was blocked by ice. In 1837 Thomas Simpson walked 50 miles west to Poin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anaktuvuk River
The Anaktuvuk River ( ik, Anaqtuuvak) is a river in Alaska's North Slope. long, it flows west from glaciers in the Endicott Mountains changing direction just north of Anaktuvuk PassPorter, Stephen C. (1966) ''Pleistocene geology of Anaktuvuk Pass, Central Brooks Range, Alaska'' (Arctic Institute of North America Technical Paper #18) Arctic Institute of North America, Washington D.C., page 12, to flow north to the Arctic Coastal Plain where it joins the Colville River. Its headwaters are formed by runoff from various glaciers in the Gates of the Arctic Wilderness on the slopes of Fan Mountain, Alapah Mountain and Limestack Mountain, the last of which lies on the watershed divide between the Arctic Coastal Plain and the Koyukuk River, and feeds the Anaktuvuk River via Graylime Creek. Its first major tributary is the John River which joins it at . The Nanushuk River joins it at . "The first geologic transect of the Arctic Slope was conducted during the summer of 1901 by USGS geol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John River (Alaska)
:''John River leads here. For Canadian rapper John River, see John River (rapper)'' The John River ( Iñupiaq: ''Atchiiniq'') is a tributary of the Koyukuk River in the northern part of the U.S. state of Alaska. It was named after John Bremner, a prospector and explorer who was one of the first non-native persons to go there. It flows south from Anaktuvuk Pass in Alaska's Brooks Range, into the larger river at a point near Bettles, slightly north of the Arctic Circle. In 1980, the segment of the John River within the Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve were designated "wild" and added to the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System. The designation means that the segment is unpolluted, free-flowing, and generally inaccessible except by trail. The John River Valley is an important migration route for Arctic caribou. History In 1901, the Schrader-Peters expedition explored the John River, the Anaktuvuk River, and continued onward to Point Barrow. In 1931, Robert "B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frank Charles Schrader
Frank Charles Schrader (October 6, 1860 – April 1944) was an American geologist, mineralogist, and entomologist. Born in Sterling, Illinois he received degrees from the University of Kansas (BS and MS) and Harvard University (BA and MA), before teaching at Harvard. Schrader was one of the first federal geologists to explore Alaska. He was associated with the United States Geological Survey The United States Geological Survey (USGS), formerly simply known as the Geological Survey, is a scientific agency of the United States government. The scientists of the USGS study the landscape of the United States, its natural resources, ..., and did research in several other states, including Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Kansas, Nevada, and New Mexico. References External links * A Guide to the Carson Sink area, Nevada, 85-18 Special Collections, University Libraries, University of Nevada, Reno. Report and maps prepared by Schrader 1860 births 1944 deaths American geol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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