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White Ship
The ''White Ship'' (french: la Blanche-Nef; Medieval Latin: ''Candida navis'') was a vessel transporting many nobles, including the heir to the English throne, that sank in the Channel during a trip from France to England near the Normandy coast off Barfleur, on 25 November 1120. Only one of approximately 300 people aboard, a butcher from Rouen, survived. Those who drowned included William Adelin, the only legitimate son and heir of Henry I of England, his half-sister Matilda of Perche, his half-brother Richard of Lincoln, the earl of Chester Richard d'Avranches, and Geoffrey Ridel. William Adelin's death led to a succession crisis and a period of civil war in England from 1135 to 1153 known as the Anarchy. Shipwreck The ''White Ship'' was a newly refitted vessel captained by Thomas FitzStephen (''Thomas filz Estienne''), whose father Stephen FitzAirard (''Estienne filz Airard'') had been captain of the ship ''Mora'' for William the Conqueror during the Norman conq ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barfleur
Barfleur () is a commune and fishing village in Manche, Normandy, northwestern France. History During the Middle Ages, Barfleur was one of the chief ports of embarkation for England. * 1066: A large medallion fixed to a rock in the harbour marks the Normans' departure from Barfleur before the battle of Hastings. * 1120: The , carrying the sole legitimate heir to Henry I of England, William Adelin, went down outside the harbour, setting the stage for the period of civil war in England known as the Anarchy. * 1194: Richard I of England departed from Barfleur on return to England following his captivity by Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor. * 1692: Action at Barfleur, part of the battles of Barfleur and La Hogue * 1944: Barfleur was occupied by the Germans during WWII. As allied forces approached following the D-Day invasion, the German commander evacuated the city prior to any confrontation to ensure that it would not be damaged, as he liked the city so much. Demographics Geo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Richard Of Lincoln, Norman Prince
Richard of Lincoln (before 1101 – 25 November 1120) was the illegitimate son of Henry I of England, born to Henry and a woman named Ansfride, widow of Aanskill (origins unknown). She is often referred to as Henry’s third mistress. Richard was brought up and educated by Robert Bloet, the Bishop of Lincoln. Bloet had also educated Richard’s half-brother Robert, 1st Earl of Gloucester. Richard is sometimes confused with Richard de Lincoln, an Anglo-Norman prelate who died in 1203. Richard supported his father in his war with Louis VI of France, although it is unclear at what point he joined the fight with the English forces. According to Orderic Vitalis, he avoided capture by French forces at Les Andelys in 1119 through the help of Ralph the Red of Pont-Echanfray. Richard continued to fight at his father’s side during the siege of the castle of Évreux being held by Henry’s most detested enemy, Amaury III de Montfort. His last known military adventure was at the Batt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Victims Of The White Ship Disaster
The victims of the ''White Ship'' disaster on 25 November 1120 (called 7 kalends of December by Farrer) have been unevenly identified by various sources. The impact of the disaster on the throne of England is well-documented, and this article presents the details of what is known (and/or believed) about the crew and passengers of the ill-fated voyage as well as those who chose not to travel on her. Captain and crew * Thomas FitzStephen, Captain * Helmsman (unnamed), apparently drunk * Approximately 50 oarsmen and sailors (named) Passengers who died Approximately 250, including servants and marines. Of these, 140 were knights or noblemen and 18 were noblewomen. Family of Henry I, King of England * William Adelin, Duke of Normandy, son and heir to the English throne of his father Henry I, youngest son of William the Conqueror. William, rescued in the only skiff available on the ship, had the crew return to get his sister Matilda. The small craft was overwhelmed by drowning ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sodomy
Sodomy () or buggery (British English) is generally anal or oral sex between people, or sexual activity between a person and a non-human animal ( bestiality), but it may also mean any non- procreative sexual activity. Originally, the term ''sodomy'', which is derived from the story of Sodom and Gomorrah in the Book of Genesis, was commonly restricted to anal sex. Sodomy laws in many countries criminalized the behavior. In the Western world, many of these laws have been overturned or are routinely not enforced. A person who practices sodomy is sometimes referred to as a sodomite. Terminology The term is derived from the Ecclesiastical Latin or "sin of Sodom", which in turn comes from the Ancient Greek word (Sódoma). Genesis (chapters 18–20) tells how God wished to destroy the "sinful" cities of Sodom and Gomorrah. Two angels are invited by Lot to take refuge with his family for the night. The men of Sodom surround Lot's house and demand that he bring the messengers o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William Of Nangis
Guillaume de Nangis (died 1300), also known as William of Nangis, was a French chronicler. William was a monk in the Abbey of St.-Denis to the north of Paris. About 1285 he was placed in charge of the abbey library as ''custos cartarum'', and he died in June or July 1300. Having doubtless done some work on the Latin manuscripts on which the ''Grandes Chroniques de France'' are based, William wrote a long ''Chronicon'', dealing with the history of the world from the creation until 1300. For the period before 1113 this work merely repeats that of Sigebert of Gembloux and others; but after this date it contains some new and valuable material. The chronicle had later continuations by other authors, though the so-called "second continuation", by Jean de Venette, which takes events up to 1368, was not a continuation of the ''Chronicon'' but rather an independent chronicle that happened to be bound into the same manuscript as the Nangis chronicle. William's other writings are: ''Gesta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stephen Of Blois
Stephen (1092 or 1096 – 25 October 1154), often referred to as Stephen of Blois, was King of England from 22 December 1135 to his death in 1154. He was Count of Boulogne ''jure uxoris'' from 1125 until 1147 and Duke of Normandy from 1135 until 1144. His reign was marked by the Anarchy, a civil war with his cousin and rival, the Empress Matilda, whose son, Henry II, succeeded Stephen as the first of the Angevin kings of England. Stephen was born in the County of Blois in central France as the fourth son of Stephen-Henry, Count of Blois, and Adela, daughter of William the Conqueror. His father died while Stephen was still young, and he was brought up by his mother. Placed into the court of his uncle Henry I of England, Stephen rose in prominence and was granted extensive lands. He married Matilda of Boulogne, inheriting additional estates in Kent and Boulogne that made the couple one of the wealthiest in England. Stephen narrowly escaped drowning with Henry I's son, William Ad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Richard Of Lincoln (illegitimate Son Of Henry I Of England)
Richard of Lincoln (before 1101 – 25 November 1120) was the illegitimate son of Henry I of England, born to Henry and a woman named Ansfride, widow of Aanskill (origins unknown). She is often referred to as Henry’s third mistress. Richard was brought up and educated by Robert Bloet, the Bishop of Lincoln. Bloet had also educated Richard’s half-brother Robert, 1st Earl of Gloucester. Richard is sometimes confused with Richard de Lincoln, an Anglo-Norman prelate who died in 1203. Richard supported his father in his war with Louis VI of France, although it is unclear at what point he joined the fight with the English forces. According to Orderic Vitalis, he avoided capture by French forces at Les Andelys in 1119 through the help of Ralph the Red of Pont-Echanfray. Richard continued to fight at his father’s side during the siege of the castle of Évreux being held by Henry’s most detested enemy, Amaury III de Montfort. His last known military adventure was at the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Royal Bastard
A royal bastard was a common term (now largely dropped from common usage) for the illegitimate child of a reigning monarch. These children were considered to be born outside of marriage - either because the monarch had an extra-marital affair, or because the legitimacy of the monarch's marriage had been called into question. Notable royal bastards include Robert, Earl of Gloucester, son of King Henry I of England, Henry FitzRoy, son of King Henry VIII of England, and the Duke of Monmouth, son of Charles II. The Anglo-Norman surname Fitzroy means son of a king and was used by various illegitimate royal offspring, and by others who claimed to be such. In medieval England a bastard's coat of arms was marked with a '' bend/baton sinister''. Notable fictional instances include the legendary character Mordred, who was often portrayed as King Arthur's villainous illegitimate son. Some fictional portrayals of royal bastards were less negative, such as the character of Philip the B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Norman Conquest Of England
The Norman Conquest (or the Conquest) was the 11th-century invasion and occupation of England by an army made up of thousands of Normans, Norman, Duchy of Brittany, Breton, County of Flanders, Flemish, and Kingdom of France, French troops, all led by the Duke of Normandy, later styled William the Conqueror. William's claim to the English throne derived from his familial relationship with the childless Anglo-Saxon king Edward the Confessor, who may have encouraged William's hopes for the throne. Edward died in January 1066 and was succeeded by his brother-in-law Harold Godwinson. The Norwegian king Harald Hardrada invaded northern England in September 1066 and was victorious at the Battle of Fulford on 20 September, but Godwinson's army defeated and killed Hardrada at the Battle of Stamford Bridge on 25 September. Three days later on 28 September, William's invasion force of thousands of men and hundreds of ships landed at Pevensey in Sussex in southern England. Harold march ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William The Conqueror
William I; ang, WillelmI (Bates ''William the Conqueror'' p. 33– 9 September 1087), usually known as William the Conqueror and sometimes William the Bastard, was the first House of Normandy, Norman List of English monarchs#House of Normandy, king of England, reigning from 1066 until his death in 1087. A descendant of Rollo, he was Duke of Normandy from 1035 onward. By 1060, following a long struggle to establish his throne, his hold on Normandy was secure. In 1066, following the death of Edward the Confessor, William invaded England, leading an army of Normans to victory over the Anglo-Saxons, Anglo-Saxon forces of Harold Godwinson at the Battle of Hastings, and suppressed subsequent English revolts in what has become known as the Norman Conquest. The rest of his life was marked by struggles to consolidate his hold over England and his continental lands, and by difficulties with his eldest son, Robert Curthose. William was the son of the unmarried Duke Robert I of Normandy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mora (ship)
''Mora'' was the name of William the Conqueror's flagship, the largest and fastest ship in his invasion fleet of 700 or more shipsThe size of the fleet has been estimated of something between 696 and 3,000 ships of all sizes which transported an estimated 10,000 men, 2,000 to 3,000 horses, and all supplies sufficient to support the invasion forces. At the time of the Norman invasion of England, it was considered the largest amphibious operation since the early days of the Roman Empire. See: Bernard S. Bachrach, 'On the Origins of William the Conqueror's Horse Transports', ''Technology and Culture'', Vol. 26, No. 3 (Jul., 1985), p. 505-531. Also see: Edd Wheeler, 'The Battle of Hastings: Math, Myth and Melee', ''Military Affairs'', Vol. 52, No. 3 (Jul., 1988), p. 128-134. used during the Norman conquest of England in 1066. The ship ''Mora'' was a ship of Longship#Drakkar, Drakkar design and Clinker (boat building), clinker construction built at Barfleur in Normandy, a gift of Ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thomas FitzStephen
Thomas FitzStephen ( fro, italic=no, Thomas fiz Estienne; died 1120) was captain of the ill-fated ''White Ship'' (french: la Blanche-Nef), which sank off Barfleur, Normandy, on 25 November 1120. Life FitzStephen was the son of Stephen FitzAirard ( fro, italic=no, Estienne fiz Airard), the captain of the ''Mora'', the ship which brought William the Conqueror over from Normandy during his invasion of England in 1066. FitzStephen owned and captained the ''White Ship'', which at that time was docked at Barfleur harbour.J.A. Guiles, ''William of Malmesbury's Chronicle of the Kings of England'' (London: George Bell and Sons, 1904), p. 455 When Thomas FitzStephen presented himself to the king he said: Henry had already made other arrangements, but gave permission for his sons William Adelin and Richard, as well as the young nobles in William's entourage, to travel on it instead.Judith A. Green, ''Henry I: King of England and Duke of Normandy'' (New York: Cambridge University Press, 200 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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