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Wariʼ
The Wariʼ, also known as the Pakaa Nova, are an indigenous people of Brazil, living in seven villages in the Amazon rainforest in the state of Rondônia. Their first contact with European settlers was on the shores of the Pakaa Nova River, a tributary of the Mamoré River. Many of the Wari' live within the Sagarana Indigenous Territory near the town of Rodrigues Alves (which lies between Rio Guaporé Indigenous Territory and Pacaás Novos National Park). Name Europeans at one time used the name "Pakaa Nova" to refer to the Wariʼ, because they encountered the indigenous people near the Pakaa Nova River. The people prefer to be referred to as "Wariʼ", their term in their language meaning "we, people." They are also known as the Jaru, Oro Wari, Pacaas-Novos, Pacahanovo, Pakaanova, Pakaanovas, Uari, and Uomo. Language The Wariʼ speak the Pakaásnovos language, which belongs to the Txapakura, or Chapacura-Wanham language family. Along with the Torá, the Moré (or Itenes), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wariʼ Language
The Wariʼ language (also Orowari, Wari, Pacaá Novo, Pacaás Novos, Pakaa Nova, Pakaásnovos) is the sole remaining vibrant language of the Chapacuran language family of the Brazilian–Bolivian border region of the Amazon. It has about 2,700 speakers, also called Wariʼ, who live along tributaries of the Pacaas Novos river in Western Brazil. The word ''wariʼ'' means "we!" in the Wariʼ language and is the term given to the language and tribe by its speakers. Wariʼ is written in Latin script. Dialects Wariʼ dialects listed by Angenot (1997):Angenot, Geralda de Lima (1997). Fonotática e Fonologia do Lexema Protochapacura'. M.A. dissertation, Universidade Federal de Rondônia. ;Northern dialects *Wari’-Oro Waram *Wari’-Oro Mon *Wari’-Oro Waram Xijen ;Southern dialects *Wari’-Oro Não *Wari’-Oro Eo *Wari’-Oro At *Wari’-Oro Jowin *Wari’-Oro Kao Oro Aje Phonology None of the segments described below only occur in borrowed words or only in specific word c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Txapakura Languages
The Chapacuran languages are a nearly extinct Native American language family of South America. Almost all Chapacuran languages are extinct, and the four that are extant are moribund. They are spoken in Rondônia in the southern Amazon Basin of Brazil and in northern Bolivia. According to Kaufman (1990), the Chapacuran family could be related to the extinct Wamo language. Languages Angenot (1997) List of Chapacuran languages from Angenot (1997):Angenot, Geralda de Lima (1997). Fonotática e Fonologia do Lexema Protochapacura''. Dissertação do Mestrado, Universidade Federal de Rondônia. Spoken in Brazil: * Torá * Urupá * Jarú *Jamará *Oro Win *Wariʼ (Pakaas Novos) *Tapoaya *Kutiana *Matáwa (Matáma) * Kumana (Cautario) *Uomo *Urunamakan *Kujuna *Pawumwa- Wanyam *Abitana- Wanyam *Kabishi- Wanyam *Miguelenho- Wanyam Spoken in Bolivia: * Moré (Iten) * Muré *Itoreauhip * Rokorona *Herisobokono * Chapakura (Huachi, Tapakura) * Kitemoka (Kitemo) * Napeka (Nape) *Kusik ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chapacura-Wanham Language
The Chapacuran languages are a nearly extinct Native American language family of South America. Almost all Chapacuran languages are extinct, and the four that are extant are moribund. They are spoken in Rondônia in the southern Amazon Basin of Brazil and in northern Bolivia. According to Kaufman (1990), the Chapacuran family could be related to the extinct Wamo language. Languages Angenot (1997) List of Chapacuran languages from Angenot (1997):Angenot, Geralda de Lima (1997). Fonotática e Fonologia do Lexema Protochapacura''. Dissertação do Mestrado, Universidade Federal de Rondônia. Spoken in Brazil: * Torá * Urupá * Jarú *Jamará *Oro Win *Wariʼ (Pakaas Novos) *Tapoaya *Kutiana *Matáwa (Matáma) * Kumana (Cautario) *Uomo *Urunamakan *Kujuna *Pawumwa- Wanyam *Abitana- Wanyam *Kabishi- Wanyam *Miguelenho- Wanyam Spoken in Bolivia: * Moré (Iten) * Muré *Itoreauhip * Rokorona *Herisobokono * Chapakura (Huachi, Tapakura) * Kitemoka (Kitemo) * Napeka (Nape) *Kusik ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Swidden
Slash-and-burn agriculture is a farming method that involves the cutting and burning of plants in a forest or woodland to create a field called a swidden. The method begins by cutting down the trees and woody plants in an area. The downed vegetation, or "slash", is then left to dry, usually right before the rainiest part of the year. Then, the biomass is burned, resulting in a nutrient-rich layer of ash which makes the soil fertile, as well as temporarily eliminating weed and pest species. After about three to five years, the plot's productivity decreases due to depletion of nutrients along with weed and pest invasion, causing the farmers to abandon the field and move to a new area. The time it takes for a swidden to recover depends on the location and can be as little as five years to more than twenty years, after which the plot can be slashed and burned again, repeating the cycle. In Bangladesh and India, the practice is known as jhum or jhoom. Slash-and-burn is a type of shif ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sexual Intercourse
Sexual intercourse (or coitus or copulation) is a sexual activity typically involving the insertion and thrusting of the penis into the vagina for sexual pleasure or reproduction.Sexual intercourse most commonly means penile–vaginal penetration for sexual pleasure or sexual reproduction; dictionary sources state that it especially means this, and scholarly sources over the years agree. See, for example; * * * * * * * * * This is also known as vaginal intercourse or vaginal sex. Other forms of penetrative sexual intercourse include anal sex (penetration of the anus by the penis), oral sex (penetration of the mouth by the penis or oral penetration of the female genitalia), fingering (sexual penetration by the fingers) and penetration by use of a dildo (especially a strap-on dildo). These activities involve physical intimacy between two or more individuals and are usually used among humans solely for physical or emotional pleasure and can contribute to human bonding. Ther ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chicha
''Chicha'' is a fermented (alcoholic) or non-fermented beverage of Latin America, emerging from the Andes and Amazonia regions. In both the pre- and post-Spanish conquest periods, corn beer (''chicha de jora'') made from a variety of maize landraces has been the most common form of ''chicha''. However, ''chicha'' is also made from a variety of other cultigens and wild plants, including, among others, quinoa (''Chenopodium quinia''), kañiwa (''Chenopodium pallidicaule''), peanut, manioc (also called yuca or cassava), palm fruit, rice, potato, oca (''Oxalis tuberosa''), and chañar (''Geoffroea decorticans''). There are many regional variations of ''chicha''. In the Inca Empire, ''chicha'' had ceremonial and ritual uses. Etymology and related phrases The exact origin of the word ''chicha'' is debated. One belief is that the word ''chicha'' is of Taino origin and became a generic term used by the Spanish to define any and all fermented beverages brewed by indigenous peoples ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Uru-Eu-Wau-Wau
The Uru-Eu-Wau-Wau are an indigenous people of Brazil,''Last Days of Eden: Rondônia's Urueu-Wau-Wau Indians'' Loren McIntyre, National Geographic (December 1988), pp. 800-817 (retrieved 10 Aug 2016) living in the state of . They live in six villages on the borders of the , which is shared by two other contacted groups, the Amondawa and Uru Pa In, the latter who speak a |
Tupi People
A subdivision of the Tupi-Guarani linguistic families, the Tupi people were one of the largest groups of indigenous Brazilians before its colonization. Scholars believe that while they first settled in the Amazon rainforest, from about 2,900 years ago the Tupi started to migrate southward and gradually occupied the Atlantic coast of Southeast Brazil. Many Tupi people today are merged with the Guaraní people, forming the Tupi–Guarani languages. Guarani languages are linguistically different from the Tupian languages. History The Tupi people inhabited almost all of Brazil's coast when the Portuguese first arrived there. In 1500, their population was estimated at 1 million people, nearly equal to the population of Portugal at the time. They were divided into tribes, each tribe numbering from 300 to 2,000 people. Some examples of these tribes are: ''Tupiniquim'', '' Tupinambá'', ''Potiguara'', ''Tabajara'', '' Caetés'', ''Temiminó'', ''Tamoios''. The Tupi were adept agricu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karipuna People
Karipuna or Caripuná may refer to: *Jau-Navo language, or Chakobo (Panoan): the original Karipuna of Guaporé in Rondônia, Brazil; one of two assigned ISO code uq*Kawahib language (Tupian): the more recently labeled Karipuna of Guaporé in Rondônia, Brazil, also assigned ISO code uq*Palikúr language (Arawakan): the original language of the Karipuna do Amapá of Brazil and French Guiana; one of two assigned ISO code gm*an unrecorded language, reportedly Nheengatu language (Tupian); the original language of recent immigrants to Amapá, whose original language was also assigned ISO code gm* Lanc-Patuá creole, otherwise known as Karipuna Creole French; assigned ISO code mv Notes The name 'Karipuna' has been used in Brazil for languages in the Madeira–Guaporé River region of Rondônia and in the Uaçá River region of Amapá. In Rondônia, the name originally applied to the Panoan language Jau-Navo, and was the only language there called Karipuna until the 1950s. Howe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vomiting
Vomiting (also known as emesis and throwing up) is the involuntary, forceful expulsion of the contents of one's stomach through the mouth and sometimes the Human nose, nose. Vomiting can be the result of ailments like Food-poisoning, food poisoning, gastroenteritis, pregnancy, motion sickness, or hangover; or it can be an after effect of diseases such as brain tumors, elevated intracranial pressure, or overexposure to ionizing radiation. The feeling that one is about to vomit is called nausea; it often precedes, but does not always lead to vomiting. Impairment due to Alcoholic drink, alcohol or anesthesia can cause inhalation of vomit, leading to suffocation. In severe cases, where dehydration develops, intravenous fluid may be required. Antiemetics are sometimes necessary to suppress nausea and vomiting. Self-induced vomiting can be a component of an eating disorder such as bulimia nervosa, bulimia, and is itself now classified as an eating disorder on its own, purging di ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Viscera
In biology, an organ is a collection of tissues joined in a structural unit to serve a common function. In the hierarchy of life, an organ lies between tissue and an organ system. Tissues are formed from same type cells to act together in a function. Tissues of different types combine to form an organ which has a specific function. The intestinal wall for example is formed by epithelial tissue and smooth muscle tissue. Two or more organs working together in the execution of a specific body function form an organ system, also called a biological system or body system. An organ's tissues can be broadly categorized as parenchyma, the functional tissue, and stroma, the structural tissue with supportive, connective, or ancillary functions. For example, the gland's tissue that makes the hormones is the parenchyma, whereas the stroma includes the nerves that innervate the parenchyma, the blood vessels that oxygenate and nourish it and carry away its metabolic wastes, and the co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Putrefaction
Putrefaction is the fifth stage of death, following pallor mortis, algor mortis, rigor mortis, and livor mortis. This process references the breaking down of a body of an animal, such as a human, post-mortem. In broad terms, it can be viewed as the decomposition of proteins, and the eventual breakdown of the cohesiveness between tissues, and the liquefaction of most organs. This is caused by the decomposition of organic matter by bacterial or fungal digestion, which causes the release of gases that infiltrate the body's tissues, and leads to the deterioration of the tissues and organs. The approximate time it takes putrefaction to occur is dependent on various factors. Internal factors that affect the rate of putrefaction include the age at which death has occurred, the overall structure and condition of the body, the cause of death, and external injuries arising before or after death. External factors include environmental temperature, moisture and air exposure, clothing, bur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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