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Work Measurement
Work measurement is the application of techniques which is designed to establish the time for an average worker to carry out a specified manufacturing task at a defined level of performance.Groover, M.P. (2007). ''Work Systems: The Methods, Measurement & Management of Work'', Prentice Hall, It is concerned with the duration of time it takes to complete a work task assigned to a specific job. It means the time taken to complete one unit of work or operation it also that the work should completely complete in a complete basis under certain circumstances which take into account of accountants time Usage Work measurement helps to uncover non-standardization that exist in the workplace and non-value adding activities and waste. A work has to be measured for the following reasons: #To discover and eliminate lost or ineffective time. #To establish standard times for performance measurement. #To measure performance against realistic expectations. #To set operating goals and objectives. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Analytical Estimating
Generally speaking, analytic (from el, ἀναλυτικός, ''analytikos'') refers to the "having the ability to analyze" or "division into elements or principles". Analytic or analytical can also have the following meanings: Chemistry * Analytical chemistry, the analysis of material samples to learn their chemical composition and structure * Analytical technique, a method that is used to determine the concentration of a chemical compound or chemical element * Analytical concentration Mathematics * Abstract analytic number theory, the application of ideas and techniques from analytic number theory to other mathematical fields * Analytic combinatorics, a branch of combinatorics that describes combinatorial classes using generating functions * Analytic element method, a numerical method used to solve partial differential equations * Analytic expression or analytic solution, a mathematical expression using well-known operations that lend themselves readily to calculation * Ana ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Predetermined Motion Time System
A predetermined motion time system (PMTS) is frequently used to perform Labor Minute Costing in order to set piece-rates, wage-rates and/or incentives in labor (labour) oriented industries by quantifying the amount of time required to perform specific tasks under defined conditions. Today the PMTS is mainly used in work measurement for shorter cycles in labour oriented industries such as apparel and footwear. This topic comes under wider industrial and production engineering. One of such a system is known as "Work Factor" and more popular Methods-time measurement, (MTM) released in 1948 exist today in several variations and used in some commercial applications. New legislation in developed markets following sustainability issues, Living Wage movement and the 2013 disaster in Rana Plaza, Bangladesh have brought labor costing and standards back to the focus of activists and global fashion retailers. Occupational safety and health (OSH, OHS), Ergonomics, Skills development and job sat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Standard Data System
In work measurement, a standard data system (SDS) is a database of normal time values, usually organized by work elements that can be used to establish time standards A time standard is a specification for measuring time: either the rate at which time passes or points in time or both. In modern times, several time specifications have been officially recognized as standards, where formerly they were matters o ... for tasks composed of work elements similar to those in the database. Steps in using an SDS # Analyze the new task and divide into work elements. # Access database to determine normal times for work elements. # Add element normal times to obtain task normal time. # Compute standard times. References * * {{cite book , last = Groover , first = Mikell , title = Work Systems and the Methods, Measurement, and Management of Work , publisher = Pearson Prentice Hall , location = Upper Saddle River , year = 2007 , isbn = 978-0-13-140650-6 Industrial engineering ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Time Study
A time and motion study (or time-motion study) is a business efficiency technique combining the Time Study work of Frederick Winslow Taylor with the Motion Study work of Frank and Lillian Gilbreth (the same couple as is best known through the biographical 1950 film and book ''Cheaper by the Dozen''). It is a major part of scientific management (Taylorism). After its first introduction, time study developed in the direction of establishing standard times, while motion study evolved into a technique for improving work methods. The two techniques became integrated and refined into a widely accepted method applicable to the improvement and upgrading of work systems. This integrated approach to work system improvement is known as methods engineering and it is applied today to industrial as well as service organizations, including banks, schools and hospitals. Time studies Time study is a direct and continuous observation of a task, using a timekeeping device (e.g., decimal minute sto ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Work Sampling
Work sampling is the statistical technique used for determining the proportion of time spent by workers in various defined categories of activity (e.g. setting up a machine, assembling two parts, idle…etc.). It is as important as all other statistical techniques because it permits quick analysis, recognition, and enhancement of job responsibilities, tasks, performance competencies, and organizational work flows. Other names used for it are 'activity sampling', 'occurrence sampling', and 'ratio delay study'. In a work sampling study, a large number of observations are made of the workers over an extended period of time. For statistical accuracy, the observations must be taken at random times during the period of study, and the period must be representative of the types of activities performed by the subjects. One important usage of the work sampling technique is the determination of the standard time for a manual manufacturing task. Similar techniques for calculating the standard ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Performance Rating (Work Measurement)
Performance rating is the step in the work measurement in which the analyst observes the worker's performance and records a value representing that performance relative to the analyst's concept of standard performance. Performance rating helps people do their jobs better, identifies training and education needs, assigns people to work they can excel in, and maintains fairness in salaries, benefits, promotion, hiring, and firing. Most workers want to know how they are doing on the job. Workers need performance feedback to work effectively. Accessing an employee timely, accurate, constructive feedback is key to effective performance. Motivational strategies such as goal setting depend upon regular performance updates. While there are many sources of error with performance ratings, error can be reduced through rater training and through the use of behaviorally anchored rating scales. In industrial and organizational psychology such scales are used to clearly define the behaviors that ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |