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Women Rulers In Maya Society
During the 7th and 8th centuries in Mesoamerica, there was an evident shift in the roles women played in ancient Maya society as compared with the previous two centuries. It was during this time that there was a great deal of political complexity seen both in Maya royal houses as well as in the Maya area. Warfare was a significant factor in political competition and marriage was one of the ways that alliances were made between the different polities. This was accompanied by a shift in women's roles from wife and mother to playing integral parts in courtly life, such as participating in rituals involving the supernatural world and at times ruling individual polities. A handful of women are described and depicted on monuments taking on roles and titles that were usually reserved for men. High-ranking titles that both men and women could hold included '' Ajaw'' and '' Kaloomteʼ''. The title of ''Ajaw'' was seen as "the most general title" that persons of nobility could have if they ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mesoamerica
Mesoamerica is a historical region and cultural area in southern North America and most of Central America. It extends from approximately central Mexico through Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, and northern Costa Rica. Within this region pre-Columbian societies flourished for more than 3,000 years before the Spanish colonization of the Americas. Mesoamerica was the site of two of the most profound historical transformations in world history: primary urban generation, and the formation of New World cultures out of the long encounters among indigenous, European, African and Asian cultures. In the 16th century, Eurasian diseases such as smallpox and measles, which were endemic among the colonists but new to North America, caused the deaths of upwards of 90% of the indigenous people, resulting in great losses to their societies and cultures. Mesoamerica is one of the five areas in the world where ancient civilization arose independently (see cradle of civ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kaloomteʼ Bahlam
Kaloomteʼ Bahlam,The ruler's name, when transcribed is KALO꞉M Eʼ AHLAM'', Martin & Grube 2008, p.38. also known as Curl Head (died after ), was an ''ajaw'' or lord of the Maya city of Tikal. He took the throne on .Martin & Grube 2008, p.38. He co-ruled with a Lady of Tikal Lady of Tikal,The ruler's name, when transcribed is IX-KALO꞉M EʼIX-?-KʼIN?, Martin & Grube 2008, p.38. also known as Woman of Tikal (1 September 504 – after ), was a queen of the Mayan city of Tikal. She took the throne on 19 April 511 and r .... The monuments associated with Kaloomteʼ Bahlam are Stelae 10, 12 and 25. Notes Footnotes References * Date of birth unknown Date of death unknown Rulers of Tikal 6th century in the Maya civilization 6th-century monarchs in North America {{Mesoamerica-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dos Pilas
Dos Pilas is a Pre-Columbian site of the Maya civilization located in what is now the department of Petén, Guatemala. It dates to the Late Classic Period, and was founded by an offshoot of the dynasty of the great city of Tikal in AD 629 in order to control trade routes in the Petexbatún region, particularly the Pasión River.Salisbury, Koumenalis & Barbara Moffett 2002. In AD 648 Dos Pilas broke away from Tikal and became a vassal state of Calakmul, although the first two kings of Dos Pilas continued to use the same emblem glyph that Tikal did.Webster 2002, p. 263. It was a predator state from the beginning, conquering Itzan, Arroyo de Piedra and Tamarindito. Dos Pilas and a nearby city, Aguateca, eventually became the twin capitals of a single ruling dynasty. The kingdom as a whole has been named as the Petexbatun Kingdom, after Lake Petexbatún, a body of water draining into the Pasión River. Dos Pilas gives an important glimpse into the grea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lady Of Dos Pilas
The word ''lady'' is a term for a girl or woman, with various connotations. Once used to describe only women of a high social class or status, the equivalent of lord, now it may refer to any adult woman, as gentleman can be used for men. Informal use is sometimes euphemistic ("lady of the night" for prostitute) or, in American slang, condescending in direct address (equivalent to "mister" or "man"). "Lady" is also a formal title in the United Kingdom. "Lady" is used before the family name of a woman with a title of nobility or honorary title '' suo jure'' (in her own right), or the wife of a lord, a baronet, Scottish feudal baron, laird, or a knight, and also before the first name of the daughter of a duke, marquess, or earl. Etymology The word comes from Old English '; the first part of the word is a mutated form of ', "loaf, bread", also seen in the corresponding ', "lord". The second part is usually taken to be from the root ''dig-'', "to knead", seen also in dough; th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kʼan Moʼ Hix
Kʼan Moʼ Hix, (lived around 612), was a nobleman of the Maya city-state of Palenque. He was husband of Sak Kʼukʼ, queen of Palenque, and father of Kʼinich Janaab Pakal I, who was one of the greatest rulers of Palenque and was responsible for the construction or extension of some of Palenque's most notable surviving inscriptions and monumental architecture. He could be a possible father of Ajen Yohl Mat Ajen Yohl MatThe ruler's name, when transcribed is AJ-je-ne-(Y)O꞉L m-ta. also known as Aj Neʼ Ohl Mat, Ac Kan and Ahl Lawal Mat, (died August 8, 612) was an ajaw of the Maya city-state of Palenque. He acceded to the throne on January 1, 605 and .... Sources {{DEFAULTSORT:Kʼan Moʼ Hix 7th-century deaths Palenque ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aj Neʼ Yohl Mat
Ajen Yohl MatThe ruler's name, when transcribed is AJ-je-ne-(Y)O꞉L m-ta. also known as Aj Neʼ Ohl Mat, Ac Kan and Ahl Lawal Mat, (died August 8, 612) was an ajaw of the Maya city-state of Palenque. He acceded to the throne on January 1, 605 and ruled until his death.These are the dates indicated on the Maya inscriptions in Mesoamerican Long Count calendar, Acceded: 9.8.11.9.10 8 Ok 18 Muwan and Died: 9.9.19.4.6 2 Kimi 14 Mol. He was probably the son of Yohl Ikʼnal or Sak Kʼukʼ and the brother of Janahb Pakal Janahb Pakal also known as Janaab Pakal, Pakal I or Pakal the Elder, (died 6 March 612), was a nobleman and possible ''ajaw'' of the Maya city-state of Palenque. Biography Pakal’s dynastic position is not entirely certain, though he may have b ... or Kʼinich Janaab Pakal I. During his reign, his kingdom was invaded on April 4, 611 by Scroll Serpent, ruler of the Kaan kingdom ( Calakmul). Notes Sources {{DEFAULTSORT:Ajen Yohl Mat 612 deaths ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sak Kʼukʼ
Sak KʼukʼThe ruler's name, when transcribed is ?- UWA꞉NAT. also known as Muwaan Mat, Lady Sak Kʼukʼ and Lady Beastie (died 640), was queen of the Maya city-state of Palenque. She acceded to the throne in October, 612 and ruled until 615.These are the dates indicated on the Maya inscriptions in Mesoamerican Long Count calendar, Acceded: 9.8.19.7.18 9 Etzʼnab 6 Keh. Biography Her father was Janahb Pakal and her mother was Yohl Ikʼnal or unknown. As Janaab Pakal seems to have had no male heirs, she ascended to the throne on 19 October 612, a few months after her father's death. After his maturity, her son Kʼinich Janaab Pakal I succeeded her as ruler on 9.9.2.4.8 5 Lamat 1 Mol.Martin & Grube 2008, pp. 162-168. She seems to have continued to wield considerable influence over Palenque in the early decades of her son's reign. For example, Sak Kʼukʼ is recorded on Pakal's sarcophagus lid as the ruler who celebrated the sealing of the Kʼatun on 9.10.0.0.0 (25 January 633 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kʼinich Janaabʼ Pakal
Kʼinich Janaab Pakal I (), also known as Pacal or Pacal the Great (March 603 – August 683), was ''ajaw'' of the Maya city-state of Palenque in the Late Classic period of pre-Columbian Mesoamerican chronology. He acceded to the throne in July 615 and ruled until his death. Pakal reigned 68 yearsIn the Maya calendar: acceded 9.9.2.4.8, 5 Lamat 1 Mol; died 9.12.11.5.18, 6 Etzʼnab 11 Yax (Martin & Grube 2008, p. 162).—the fifth-longest verified regnal period of any sovereign monarch in history, the longest in world history for more than a millennium,Pakal's record was surpassed in June 1711, by Louis XIV of France; Louis's record still stands as of today. and still the longest of any residing monarch in the history of the Americas. During his reign, Pakal was responsible for the construction or extension of some of Palenque's most notable surviving inscriptions and monumental architecture. Pakal is perhaps best known in popular culture for his depiction on the carved lid of his ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sarcophagus
A sarcophagus (plural sarcophagi or sarcophaguses) is a box-like funeral receptacle for a corpse, most commonly carved in stone, and usually displayed above ground, though it may also be buried. The word ''sarcophagus'' comes from the Greek σάρξ ' meaning "flesh", and φαγεῖν ' meaning "to eat"; hence ''sarcophagus'' means "flesh-eating", from the phrase ''lithos sarkophagos'' ( λίθος σαρκοφάγος), "flesh-eating stone". The word also came to refer to a particular kind of limestone that was thought to rapidly facilitate the decomposition of the flesh of corpses contained within it due to the chemical properties of the limestone itself. History of the sarcophagus Sarcophagi were most often designed to remain above ground. The earliest stone sarcophagi were used by Egyptian pharaohs of the 3rd dynasty, which reigned from about 2686 to 2613 B.C. The Hagia Triada sarcophagus is a stone sarcophagus elaborately painted in fresco; one style of later A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
