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Women Composers
Women composers of Western classical music are disproportionately absent from music textbooks and concert programs that constitute the Western canon, even though many women have composed music. The reasons for women's absence are various. The musicologist Marcia Citron writing in 1990 noted that many works of musical history and anthologies of music had very few, or sometimes no, references to and examples of music written by women. Among the reasons for historical under-representation of women composers Citron has adduced problems of access to musical education and to the male hierarchy of the musical establishment (performers, conductors, impresarios etc.); condescending attitudes of male reviewers, and their association of women composers with "salon music" rather than music of the concert platform; and denial of female creativity in the arts by philosophers such as Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Immanuel Kant. All this needs to be considered in the perspective of restrictions agai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Julius Giere - Clara Wieck Im Alter Von 15 Jahren (Lithographie 1835)
The gens Julia (''gēns Iūlia'', ) was one of the most prominent patrician families in ancient Rome. Members of the gens attained the highest dignities of the state in the earliest times of the Republic. The first of the family to obtain the consulship was Gaius Julius Iulus in 489 BC. The gens is perhaps best known, however, for Gaius Julius Caesar, the dictator and grand uncle of the emperor Augustus, through whom the name was passed to the so-called Julio-Claudian dynasty of the first century AD. The Julius became very common in imperial times, as the descendants of persons enrolled as citizens under the early emperors began to make their mark in history.''Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology'', vol. II, pp. 642, 643. Origin The Julii were of Alban origin, mentioned as one of the leading Alban houses, which Tullus Hostilius removed to Rome upon the destruction of Alba Longa. The Julii also existed at an early period at Bovillae, evidenced by a very a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Germaine Tailleferre
Germaine Tailleferre (; born Marcelle Germaine Taillefesse; 19 April 18927 November 1983) was a French composer and the only female member of the group of composers known as ''Les Six''. Biography Marcelle Germaine Taillefesse was born at Saint-Maur-des-Fossés, Val-de-Marne, France, but as a young woman she changed her last name from "Taillefesse" to "Tailleferre" to spite her father, who had refused to support her musical studies. She studied piano with her mother at home, composing short works of her own, after which she began studying at the Paris Conservatory where she met Louis Durey, Francis Poulenc, Darius Milhaud, Georges Auric, and Arthur Honegger. At the Paris Conservatory her skills were rewarded with prizes in several categories. Most notably, Tailleferre wrote 18 short works in the ''Petit livre de harpe de Madame Tardieu'' for Caroline Luigini, the Conservatory's Assistant Professor of harp. With her new friends, she soon was associating with the artistic cro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Beatritz De Dia
The Comtessa de Dia (Countess of Die), possibly named Beatritz or Isoarda (fl. c. 1175 or c. 1212), was a trobairitz (female troubadour). She is only known as the ''comtessa de Dia'' in contemporary documents, but was most likely the daughter of Count Isoard II of Diá (a town northeast of Montelimar now known as Die in southern France). According to her ''vida'', she was married to William of Poitiers, but was in love with and sang about Raimbaut of Orange (1146-1173).Bruckner, Matilda Tomaryn. (1995). Songs of the Women Troubadours. Bruckner, Shepard, and White cite Angela Rieger's analysis of the songs, which associates them, through intertextual evidence, with the circle of poets composed of Raimbaut d'Aurenga, Bernart de Ventadorn, and Azalais de Porcairagues. Marcelle Thiébaux, and Claude Marks have associated her not with Raimbaut d'Aurenga but with his nephew or great nephew of the same name.Thiébaux , Marcelle. (1994). The Writings of Medieval Women.Marks, Claude. ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maria De Ventadorn
Maria de Ventadorn (or Ventedorn) (french: Marie de Ventadour) was a patron of troubadour poetry at the end of the 12th century. Maria was one of ''las tres de Torena'', "the three of Turenne", the three daughters of viscount Raymond II of Turenne and of Elise de Séverac. These three, according to Bertran de Born, possessed ''tota beltat terrena'', "all earthly beauty". Her date of birth is uncertain; she possibly died in 1222. Her name is variously recorded as Marie de Turenne and Marguerite de Turenne. She married viscount Eble V of Ventadour (Corrèze, France); they had a son, Eble (VI), who married Dauphine de la Tour d'Auvergne, and a daughter, Alix or Alasia. Maria's husband was the grandson of Eble III (patron of the important early troubadour Bernart de Ventadorn), and the great-grandson of Eble le chanteur, believed to have been among the creators of the genre. Maria is addressed, or at least mentioned, in the work of several troubadours including Gaucelm Faidi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alamanda De Castelnau
Alamanda was a trobairitz whose only surviving work is a ''tenso'' with Giraut de Bornelh called '.Alamanda de Castelnau (1160–1223) ''S'ie us qier conseill, bella amia Alamanda'' Classical music online. In the past she was usually considered fictitious and the "''tenso''" was considered a piece of Giraut's writing. However, an Alamanda is mentioned by three other troubadours, including the trobairitz Lombarda, indicating that she was probably real and quite prominent in Occitan poetic circles. Her ''tenso'' with Giraut de Bornelh mirrors in form a ''canso'' by the Comtessa de Dia. The trobairitz is probably identical with the Alamanda de Castelnau or Castelnou who was born around 1160. She was probably poetically active only briefly while spending her youth at the court of Raymond V of Toulouse (reigned 1148-1194). She left his court to marry Guilhem de Castelnou and later became a canoness of Saint-Étienne at Toulouse, dying in 1223. Sources Sources *Bruckner, Matilda Toma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marie De France
Marie de France ( fl. 1160 to 1215) was a poet, possibly born in what is now France, who lived in England during the late 12th century. She lived and wrote at an unknown court, but she and her work were almost certainly known at the royal court of King Henry II of England. Virtually nothing is known of her life; both her given name and its geographical specification come from her manuscripts. However, one written description of her work and popularity from her own era still exists. She is considered by scholars to be the first woman known to write francophone verse. Marie de France wrote in Francien, with some Anglo-Norman influence. She was proficient in Latin, as were most authors and scholars of that era, as well as Middle English and possibly Breton. She is the author of the ''Lais of Marie de France''. She translated Aesop's Fables from Middle English into Anglo-Norman French and wrote ''Espurgatoire seint Partiz'', '' Legend of the Purgatory of St. Patrick'', based upon a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tibors
Tibors de Sarenom (French ''Tiburge''; c. 1130 – aft. 1198) is the earliest attestable trobairitz, active during the classical period of medieval Occitan literature at the height of the popularity of the troubadours. Biography Tibors is one of eight trobairitz with ''vidas'', short Occitan biographies, often more hypothetical than factual. Research into Tibors' the poet's identification with an independently recorded individual is hampered by the popularity of her name in Occitania during the period of her life. Tibors was the daughter of Guilhem d'Omelas and Tibors d'Aurenga, who brought her husband the castle of ''Sarenom'', probably Sérignan-du-Comtat in Provence or perhaps Sérignan in the Roussillon. Sadly for historians and Occitanists, Tibors and Guilhem had two daughters, both named Tibors, after their mother. It is possible but unlikely that Tibors d'Aurenga was herself the trobairitz. Since she was married in 1129 or 1130 and her daughters were married by 1150, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iseut De Capio
N'Iseut de Capio"N'", contraction of "Na", is an Occitan honorific meaning "Lady". Her first name, sometimes spelled ''Iseuz'', is the Occitan form of Isolde. (born ''c''. 1140) was a noblewoman and trobairitz from Gévaudan. She was a neighbour and contemporary of the trobairitz Almucs de Castelnau, with whom she shared the composition of a ''tenso''. It is her only surviving piece of work. Iseut's origins are a matter of conjecture. What can be said with certainty is that she was from the ''castrum'' castle">/nowiki>castle.html" ;"title="castle.html" ;"title="/nowiki>castle">/nowiki>castle">castle.html" ;"title="/nowiki>castle">/nowiki>castle/nowiki> ''de Capione'', medieval Occitan ''Capio'' or ''Capion'', identified with either modern Chapieu or Chapelins. The castle stood atop the Mont Mimat above the river Mende. She may have belonged to the family of the lords of Tournel, one of the eight baronies of Gévaudan, and the one in which Chapieu lay. Tournel belonged to the Dio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Azalais De Porcairagues
Azalais de Porcairagues (also ''Azalaïs'') or Alasais de Porcaragues was a trobairitz (woman troubadour), composing in Occitan in the late 12th century. The sole source for her life is her ''vida'', which tells us that she came from the country around Montpellier; she was educated and a gentlewoman; she loved Gui Guerrejat, the brother of William VII of Montpellier, and ''made many good songs about him''; meaning, probably, that the one poem of hers known to the compiler had been addressed to Gui. Gui was perhaps born around 1135; he fell ill early in 1178, became a monk, and died later in that year. Nothing is known of the dates of Azalais's birth and death. From her name, and from the statement in the ''Biographies'' cited above, it can be concluded that she came from the village of Portiragnes, just east of Béziers and about ten kilometers south of Montpellier, close to the territories that belonged to Gui and to his brothers. Aimo Sakari argues that she is the mysterious ''j ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Herrad Of Landsberg
Herrad of Landsberg ( la, Herrada Landsbergensis; 1130 – July 25, 1195) was a 12th-century Alsace, Alsatian nun and abbess of Hohenburg Abbey in the Vosges mountains. She was known as the author of the pictorial encyclopedia ''Hortus deliciarum'' (''The Garden of Delights''). Life at the Abbey Born about 1130 at the castle of Château du Landsberg, Landsberg, the seat of a noble Alsatian family, she entered Hohenburg Abbey in the Vosges mountains, about fifteen miles from Strasbourg, at an early age. Hohenburg Abbey, also known as Mont St Odile, was run by Relindis of Hohenburg, Abbess Relinda, a nun sent from the Benedictine monastery of Bergen, Neuburg, Bergen in Bavaria. Due to her support from the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor, Frederick Barbarossa the abbey was extremely successful and powerful, as well as a source for reform. At the abbey Herrad received the most comprehensive education available to women during the 12th century. As she grew older sh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hildegard Of Bingen
Hildegard of Bingen (german: Hildegard von Bingen; la, Hildegardis Bingensis; 17 September 1179), also known as Saint Hildegard and the Sibyl of the Rhine, was a German Benedictine abbess and polymath active as a writer, composer, philosopher, mystic, visionary, and as a medical writer and practitioner during the High Middle Ages.Bennett, Judith M. and Hollister, Warren C. ''Medieval Europe: A Short History'' (New York: McGraw-Hill, 2001), p. 317.Richardis_von_Stade.html" ;"title="he nun Richardis von Stade">he nun Richardis von Stadeand of that man whom I had secretly sought and found, as mentioned above, I set my hand to the writing. While I was doing it, I sensed, as I mentioned before, the deep profundity of scriptural exposition; and, raising myself from illness by the strength I received, I brought this work to a close – though just barely – in ten years. […] And I spoke and wrote these things not by the invention of my heart or that of any other person, but as by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Women Composers By Name
This article provides a list of women composers, sorted alphabetically by surname. For a list of women composers sorted by year of birth, see List of women composers by birth date. __NOTOC__ A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z See also * List of Australian women composers {{DEFAULTSORT:List of women Composers by name women Composers A composer is a person who writes music. The term is especially used to indicate composers of Classical music, Western classical music, or those who are composers by occupation. Many composers are, or were, also skilled performers of music. E ... Women in music ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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