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Wolfer
Wolfer or Wolfger (also ''Walfer''; died between 1158 and 1161) was a German knight possibly from the Duchy of Swabia, who, alongside his brother Héder, settled down in the Kingdom of Hungary and became a member of the Hungarian nobility. Wolfer was also co-founder of the prestigious Héder clan and ancestor of the powerful and infamous Kőszegi family, which ruled whole Transdanubia at the peak of its power. Arrival to Hungary According to the ''Illuminated Chronicle'', Wolfer and Héder belonged to the Counts of Hainburg. Mark of Kalt's work incorrectly – accidentally or intentionally – refers to Grand Prince Géza (c. 972–997), father of Saint Stephen, the first King of Hungary, in fact, Wolfer and Héder arrived to Hungary during the first regnal years of the minor Géza II of Hungary (definitely before 1146, when Héder was already mentioned as ''ispán''). The brothers' place of origin is in dispute. Simon of Kéza's ''Gesta Hunnorum et Hungarorum'' writes that Wo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HĂ©der (genus)
Héder (also Heydrich or Hedrich) was the name of a ''gens'' (Latin for "clan"; ''nemzetség'' in Hungarian) in the Kingdom of Hungary, several prominent secular dignitaries came from this kindred. The ancestors of the kindred were two German knights from the Duchy of Swabia, brothers Wolfer and Héder. They were granted large-scale domains in Western Hungary. The powerful and influential Hédervári and Kőszegi noble families descended from them. Origin According to the ''Illuminated Chronicle'', Wolfer and Héder belonged to the Counts of Hainburg. Mark of Kalt's work incorrectly – accidentally or intentionally – refers to Grand Prince Géza (c. 972–997), father of Saint Stephen, the first King of Hungary, in fact, Wolfer and Héder arrived to Hungary during the first regnal years of the minor Géza II of Hungary (definitely before 1146). The brothers' place of origin is in dispute. Simon of Kéza's ''Gesta Hunnorum et Hungarorum'' writes that Wolfer and Héder cam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Küszén Abbey
The Küszén Abbey was a short-lived Benedictine Christian monastery on the top of the mountain Küszén in the medieval Kingdom of Hungary (today Burgenland, Austria). The monastery was established by German-born knight Wolfer, forefather of the powerful Kőszegi family. It was subordinated to the Pannonhalma Archabbey. After a few decades of operation, Béla III of Hungary confiscated the monastery from the Benedictine friars and erected a castle in place of the abbey around 1180. Establishment Brothers Wolfer and Héder arrived to the Kingdom of Hungary during the reign of Géza II of Hungary. Wolfer was granted lands beyond the Austrian border, most of his estates laid in the valley of stream Strém (or Strem) and centered around the hill of Küszén. In 1157, Gervasius, Bishop of Győr contributed and permitted the foundation of a Benedictine abbey at the top of the mountain of Küszén, to ''comes'' Wolfer, who donated several surrounding lands and vineyards to the monastery ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HĂ©der
Héder, also Hedrich, Heindrich and Henry ( hu, Henrik; died after 1164) was a German knight possibly from the Duchy of Swabia, who, alongside his brother Wolfer, settled down in the Kingdom of Hungary and became a member of the Hungarian nobility. Héder was also eponymous co-founder of the powerful Héder clan and ancestor of the Hédervári family. Origin and arrival According to the ''Illuminated Chronicle'', " fter that''Wolfger'' olfer''came from Germany'' o Hungary''alongside his younger brother Henry'' éder''with three-hundred armored war-horses and forty armored knights; They belong to the Counts of Hainburg''. ''Grand Prince Géza donated'' o Wolfer''the Mountain of Küszén and an island in Győr's neighborhood, where he built a wood castle and founded an abbey, he was buried there. The Héders' genus originates from them''". Mark of Kalt's work incorrectly – accidentally or intentionally – refers to Grand Prince Géza (c. 972–997), father of Saint Stephe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gervasius, Bishop Of Győr
Gervasius ( hu, Gyárfás; died after 1157 or 1158) was a Hungarian prelate who served as Bishop of Győr from 1156 to 1157 or 1158. Career Gervasius or Geruasius started his ecclesiastical career as a member of the royal chapel during the reign of Géza II of Hungary. He was styled as royal chaplain in 1146 and 1150. He was described as "high-skilled, remarkably cultivated man" by chronicler Rahewin. He was elected Bishop of Győr in 1156. Becoming a member of the royal council, he interceded with Géza II in March 1157 to grant the collection right of salt duties to the Archdiocese of Esztergom at Nána and Kakat (present-day Štúrovo, Slovakia). Through his intercession, Géza II also granted some privileges to the cathedral chapter of Győr. Still in the same year, Gervasius contributed and permitted the foundation of the Benedictine Abbey of Küszén (later Németújvár, present-day Burg Güssing in Austria) to ''comes'' Wolfer, a Carinthian-born knight and ancestor of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
KĹ‘szegi Family
The Kőszegi ( hr, Gisingovci) was a noble family in the Kingdom of Hungary and the Kingdom of Croatia in the 13–14th centuries. The ancestor of the family, Henry the Great descended from the ''gens'' ("clan") Héder. Henry's paternal great-grandfather was the clan's co-founder Wolfer. Notable members * Henry I the Great ( fl. 1237–1274), Palatine of Hungary ** Nicholas I ( fl. 1266–1299), Palatine of Hungary *** Nicholas II ( fl. 1314–1332), Master of the horse, ancestor of the ''Rohonci family'' *** John, ancestor of the ''Béri family'' ** Ivan ( fl. 1266–1308), Palatine of Hungary *** Gregory ( fl. 1287–1297), Master of the stewards for the Prince **** Nicholas III ( fl. 1308–1313), Master of the treasury **** Andrew ( fl. 1311–1324), ''ispán'' of Vas County; last member who bore the Kőszegi nameEngel: ''Genealógia'' (Genus Héder 4., Kőszegi branch) *** a daughter, married Dominic N *** John the "Wolf" ( fl. 1325–1382), ancestor of the ''Bernstein'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1159 Papal Election
The 1159 papal election (held 4–7 September) following the death of Pope Adrian IV resulted in a double Papal conclave, papal election. A majority of the cardinals elected Cardinal Rolando of Siena as Pope Alexander III, but a minority refused to recognize him and elected their own candidate Ottaviano de Monticelli, who took the name Antipope Victor IV (1159–1164), Victor IV, creating a schism that lasted until 1178. The schism was a result of the growing tensions inside the Sacred College of Cardinals concerning the foreign policy of the Holy See. The Papal States in the 12th century were a Buffer state, buffer between the Holy Roman Empire and the Norman Kingdom of Sicily. After the Concordat of Worms in 1122, the Papacy allied with the Empire rather than with the Normans, but during the pontificate of Adrian IV (1154–59) this alliance broke up because Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa did not fulfil the terms of the treaty of Constance (1153) that obliged him to help the Papa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pope Alexander III
Pope Alexander III (c. 1100/1105 – 30 August 1181), born Roland ( it, Rolando), was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 7 September 1159 until his death in 1181. A native of Siena, Alexander became pope after a contested election, but had to spend much of his pontificate outside Rome while several rivals, supported by Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa, claimed the papacy. Alexander rejected Byzantine Emperor Manuel I Komnenos' offer to end the East–West Schism, sanctioned the Northern Crusades, and held the Third Council of the Lateran. The city of Alessandria in Piedmont is named after him. Early life and career Rolando was born in Siena. From the 14th century, he was referred to as a member of the aristocratic family of Bandinelli, although this has not been proven. He was long thought to be the 12th-century canon lawyer and theologian Master Roland of Bologna, who composed the "Stroma" or "Summa Rolandi"—one of the earliest comment ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eberhard I (archbishop Of Salzburg)
Eberhard was Archbishop of Salzburg, Austria. Eberhard was born to a noble family of Nuremberg, Germany; he became a Benedictine in 1125 at Prüfening Abbey, Pruffening, Germany. Later he was made Abbot of Biburg near Regensburg. In 1146 Pope Innocent II appointed him Archbishop of Salzburg.Monks of Ramsgate. "Eberhard". ''Book of Saints'' 1921. CatholicSaints.Info. 21 November 2012 He rose to fame as a mediator when Pope Alexander III was faced with the Papal_election,_1159#Schism, “Investiture Controversy”, led by Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa and Antipope Victor IV (1159–1164), antipope Victor IV. Eberhard was one of the most able and most holy of the prelates of his age. He died in 1164, at the age of seventy-nine, returning from another peace keepi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor
Frederick Barbarossa (December 1122 – 10 June 1190), also known as Frederick I (german: link=no, Friedrich I, it, Federico I), was the Holy Roman Emperor from 1155 until his death 35 years later. He was elected King of Germany in Frankfurt on 4 March 1152 and crowned in Aachen on 9 March 1152. He was crowned King of Italy on 24 April 1155 in Pavia and emperor by Pope Adrian IV on 18 June 1155 in Rome. Two years later, the term ' ("holy") first appeared in a document in connection with his empire. He was later formally crowned King of Burgundy, at Arles on 30 June 1178. He was named by the northern Italian cities which he attempted to rule: Barbarossa means "red beard" in Italian; in German, he was known as ', which means "Emperor Redbeard" in English. The prevalence of the Italian nickname, even in later German usage, reflects the centrality of the Italian campaigns to his career. Frederick was by inheritance Duke of Swabia (1147–1152, as Frederick III) before his i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
GĂ©za II Of Hungary
Géza II ( hu, II. Géza; hr, Gejza II; sk, Gejza II; 113031 May 1162) was King of Hungary and Croatia from 1141 to 1162. He was the oldest son of Béla the Blind and his wife, Helena of Serbia. When his father died, Géza was still a child and he started ruling under the guardianship of his mother and her brother, Beloš. A pretender to the throne, Boris Kalamanos, who had already claimed Hungary during Béla the Blind's reign, temporarily captured Pressburg (now Bratislava in Slovakia) with the assistance of German mercenaries in early 1146. In retaliation, Géza, who came of age in the same year, invaded Austria and routed Henry Jasomirgott, Margrave of Austria, in the Battle of the Fischa. Although the German–Hungarian relations remained tense, no major confrontations occurred when the German crusaders marched through Hungary in June 1147. Two months later, Louis VII of France and his crusaders arrived, along with Boris Kalamanos who attempted to take advantage of the cr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
GĂĽssing - Burg
Güssing (; hu, Németújvár, Német-Újvár, hr, Novi Grad) is a town in Burgenland, Austria. It is located at , with a population of 3,578 (2022), and is the administrative center of the Güssing district. For centuries the town occupied an important position on the western edge of the Kingdom of Hungary. The town is now most famous for its castle, which is the oldest in Burgenland and a prominent regional landmark, built on an extinct volcano. History Overview The origins of Güssing date back to 1157, with the construction of the castle alongside a small settlement nearby. By 1355, Güssing had been granted special rights by Louis IV. During the Middle Ages, religion, art and crafts were of great importance. As a border town, Güssing was fortified in order to repel attacks from what is now Hungary. Despite the threat of invasion Güssing prospered, with residents of the town at the time including the Artois botanist Carolus Clusius, and Johann Manlius, a typographer. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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