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Winlink
Winlink, or formally, Winlink Global Radio Email (registered US Service Mark), also known as the Winlink 2000 Network, is a worldwide radio messaging system that uses amateur-band radio frequency, radio frequencies and government frequencies to provide radio interconnection services that include Email attachment, email with attachments, position reporting, weather bulletins, emergency and relief communications, and message relay. The system is built and administered by volunteers and is financially supported by the Amateur Radio Safety Foundation. Network Winlink networking started by providing interconnection services for amateur radio (also known as ham radio). It is well known for its central role in emergency and contingency communications worldwide. The system used to employ multiple central message servers around the world for Redundancy (engineering), redundancy, but in 2017–2018 upgraded to Amazon Web Services that provides a geographically-redundant cluster of virtual ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Winmor
WINMOR is a radio transmission protocol intended to be used in the Winlink 2000 Global Radio E-mail System by amateur radio operators, marine radio stations, and radio stations in isolated areas. WINMOR complemented the PACTOR modes in the high frequency portion of the Winlink system, but since July 2020 has been deprecated by Winlink.org in favour of other, now more modern and capable protocols, such as ARDOP. WINMOR debuted at the 2008 ARRL / TAPR Digital Communications Conference. Unlike PACTOR II & III, only a simple computer soundcard-to-radio interface is required, as compared to PACTOR's relatively expensive external terminal node controller. It has two modes, either 500 or 1600 Hertz in bandwidth, and provides ARQ speeds ranging from 67 to at least 1300 bits per second, similar to PACTOR's various modes. It is fully documented and without restrictions or license issues preventing anyone from using the protocol in other software. WINMOR supports both connected ( A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PACTOR
PACTOR is a :Radio modulation modes, radio modulation mode used by amateur radio operators, Marine and mobile radio telephony, marine radio stations, military or government users such as the US Department of Homeland Security, and radio stations in isolated areas to send and receive digital information via radio. PACTOR is an evolution of both AMTOR and packet radio; its name is a portmanteau of these two technologies' names. PACTOR uses a combination of simple Frequency-shift keying, FSK modulation, and the Automatic repeat request, ARQ protocol for robust error detection and data throughput. Generational improvements to PACTOR include PACTOR II, PACTOR III, and PACTOR IV which are capable of higher speed transmission. PACTOR is most commonly used on frequencies between 1 MHz and 30 MHz. History PACTOR ''(Latin: The mediator)'' was developed by Special Communications Systems GmbH (SCS) and released to the public in 1991. PACTOR was developed in order t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Packet Radio
In digital radio, packet radio is the application of packet switching techniques to digital radio communications. Packet radio uses a packet switching protocol as opposed to circuit switching or message switching protocols to transmit digital data via a radio communication link. Packet radio can be differentiated from other digital radio switching schemes by the following attributes: * Transmitted data is broken into packets, each of which contains a destination (and typically the source) address * A transmitted message may be broken into a sequence of packets before transmission, which are then re-assembled into the original message upon reception * Packets for multiple destinations can be transmitted on the same radio link in an asynchronous fashion * A packet may be addressed to all possible recipients rather than a specific one (broadcast) * A packet may be stored and subsequently forwarded towards its destination by a network node This is very similar to how packets of data ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
FBB (F6FBB)
FBB is a free and open source bulletin board system for packet transmissions of radio amateurs. Written in C programming language, it allows transmission of messages over the AX.25 packet radio network by VHF, PACTOR on HF and Internet. Originally an MS-DOS program, the current versions run on Linux and 32-bit Windows. Created in 1986 and consistently maintained, it can be compared to DPBOX and Winlink system, with which it is compatible (Routing mail by the Open FBB forwarding protocol). It also integrates BBS hierarchical addressing. Its name comes from the radio call sign In broadcasting and radio communications, a call sign (also known as a call name or call letters—and historically as a call signal—or abbreviated as a call) is a unique identifier for a transmitter station. A call sign can be formally assigne ... of its first author, Jean-Paul Roubelat, F6FBB. External links LinFBB SourceForge project siteFBB software general information {{Amateur-radio-stub Pac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Packet Radio
In digital radio, packet radio is the application of packet switching techniques to digital radio communications. Packet radio uses a packet switching protocol as opposed to circuit switching or message switching protocols to transmit digital data via a radio communication link. Packet radio can be differentiated from other digital radio switching schemes by the following attributes: * Transmitted data is broken into packets, each of which contains a destination (and typically the source) address * A transmitted message may be broken into a sequence of packets before transmission, which are then re-assembled into the original message upon reception * Packets for multiple destinations can be transmitted on the same radio link in an asynchronous fashion * A packet may be addressed to all possible recipients rather than a specific one (broadcast) * A packet may be stored and subsequently forwarded towards its destination by a network node This is very similar to how packets of data ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sailmail
SailMail is radio based e-mail system designed for boat owners operating beyond line-of-sight radio links to the internet. Much of its underlying technology is built upon the Winlink software originally developed by amateur radio enthusiasts. Operation on SailMail network frequencies requires a PACTOR modem and an SSB radio. Sailmail operators do not need to hold an amateur radio Amateur radio, also known as ham radio, is the use of the radio frequency spectrum for purposes of non-commercial exchange of messages, wireless experimentation, self-training, private recreation, radiosport, contesting, and emergency communic ... license, as is the case for the similar Airmail product. References External links Official SailMail Site Yachting {{Wireless-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Radio Frequency
Radio frequency (RF) is the oscillation rate of an alternating electric current or voltage or of a magnetic, electric or electromagnetic field or mechanical system in the frequency range from around to around . This is roughly between the upper limit of audio frequencies and the lower limit of infrared frequencies; these are the frequencies at which energy from an oscillating current can radiate off a conductor into space as radio waves. Different sources specify different upper and lower bounds for the frequency range. Electric current Electric currents that oscillate at radio frequencies (RF currents) have special properties not shared by direct current or lower audio frequency alternating current, such as the 50 or 60 Hz current used in electrical power distribution. * Energy from RF currents in conductors can radiate into space as electromagnetic waves ( radio waves). This is the basis of radio technology. * RF current does not penetrate deeply into electrical c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Austrian Red Cross
The Austrian Red Cross (German: ''Österreichisches Rotes Kreuz'', ÖRK) is the national Red Cross Organization in Austria and is part of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement. It was established on March 14, 1880, by Doctor Adam Lichtenheld of the Vienna General Hospital and is the biggest aid agency in the country. Duties Its duties contain: * Emergency medical services and transport services, apart from other NPOs (such as the Arbeiter-Samariter-Bund) * Blood donation-service – 95% of the donated blood is provided by the Red Cross * Social- and healthcare programs * Development Cooperation, Rehabilitation and Emergency Aid * Educational service (first aid courses) * International Tracing Service – After World War II, and nowadays after big disasters. * Supervision of international humanitarian law By far, most staff members are volunteers (about 74.000 in 2018), but there are professional employees as well as drafted '' Zivildiener'', which are consci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Modem
A modulator-demodulator or modem is a computer hardware device that converts data from a digital format into a format suitable for an analog transmission medium such as telephone or radio. A modem transmits data by Modulation#Digital modulation methods, modulating one or more carrier wave signals to encode digital information, while the receiver Demodulation, demodulates the signal to recreate the original digital information. The goal is to produce a Signal (electronics), signal that can be transmitted easily and decoded reliably. Modems can be used with almost any means of transmitting analog signals, from light-emitting diodes to radio. Early modems were devices that used audible sounds suitable for transmission over traditional telephone systems and leased lines. These generally operated at 110 or 300 bits per second (bit/s), and the connection between devices was normally manual, using an attached telephone handset. By the 1970s, higher speeds of 1,200 and 2,400 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
TCP/IP
The Internet protocol suite, commonly known as TCP/IP, is a framework for organizing the set of communication protocols used in the Internet and similar computer networks according to functional criteria. The foundational protocols in the suite are the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), the User Datagram Protocol (UDP), and the Internet Protocol (IP). In the development of this networking model, early versions of it were known as the Department of Defense (DoD) model because the research and development were funded by the United States Department of Defense through DARPA. The Internet protocol suite provides end-to-end data communication specifying how data should be packetized, addressed, transmitted, routed, and received. This functionality is organized into four abstraction layers, which classify all related protocols according to each protocol's scope of networking. An implementation of the layers for a particular application forms a protocol stack. From lowest to high ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
D-Star
D-STAR (Digital Smart Technologies for Amateur Radio) is a digital voice and data protocol specification for amateur radio. The system was developed in the late 1990s by the Japan Amateur Radio League and uses minimum-shift keying in its packet-based standard. There are other digital modes that have been adapted for use by amateurs, but D-STAR was the first that was designed specifically for amateur radio. Several advantages of using digital voice modes are that it uses less bandwidth than older analog voice modes such as amplitude modulation and frequency modulation. The quality of the data received is also better than an analog signal at the same signal strength, as long as the signal is above a minimum threshold and as long as there is no multipath propagation. D-STAR compatible radios are available for HF, VHF, UHF, and microwave amateur radio bands. In addition to the over-the-air protocol, D-STAR also provides specifications for network connectivity, enabling D-STAR radio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Automatic Packet Reporting System
Automatic Packet Reporting System (APRS) is an amateur radio-based system for real time digital communications of information of immediate value in the local area. Data can include object Global Positioning System (GPS) coordinates, weather station telemetry, text messages, announcements, queries, and other telemetry. APRS data can be displayed on a map, which can show stations, objects, tracks of moving objects, weather stations, search and rescue data, and direction finding data. APRS data is typically transmitted on a single shared frequency (depending on country) to be repeated locally by area relay stations (digipeaters) for widespread local consumption. In addition, all such data are typically ingested into the APRS Internet System (APRS-IS) via an Internet-connected receiver (IGate) and distributed globally for ubiquitous and immediate access. Data shared via radio or Internet are collected by all users and can be combined with external map data to build a shared live v ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
