Windows 11, Version 21H2
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Windows 11, Version 21H2
The original version of Windows 11 (also retroactively named version 21H2 and codenamed "Sun Valley") was released in October 2021. It carries the build number 10.0.22000.It was retroactively named "version 21H2" by Microsoft per its naming conventions that are labeled "YYHX", with YY representing the two-digit year and X representing the half-year of planned release (for example, version 21H2 refers to builds which initially released in the second half of 2021). Overview The first public preview build was made available to Windows Insiders who opted in to the Dev Channel on June 28, 2021. Notable changes in this version include: *Redesigned Fluent Design System: **Most interfaces in Windows 11 feature rounded geometry, refreshed iconography, new typography, and a refreshed colour palette. **Windows 11 also introduces "Mica", a new opaque Material that is tinted with the color of the desktop wallpaper. *Significantly redesigned Start menu, adhering to the principles of the ...
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Windows 10
Windows 10 is a major release of Microsoft's Windows NT operating system. The successor to Windows 8.1, it was Software release cycle#Release to manufacturing (RTM), released to manufacturing on July 15, 2015, and later to retail on July 29, 2015. Windows 10 was made available for download via MSDN and Microsoft Technet, TechNet, as a free upgrade for retail copies of Windows 8 and Windows 8.1 users via the Microsoft Store, and to Windows 7 users via Windows Update. Unlike previous Windows NT releases, Windows 10 receives new software build, builds on an ongoing basis, which are available at no additional cost to users; devices in enterprise environments can alternatively use long-term support milestones that only receive critical updates, such as security patch (computing), patches. It was succeeded by Windows 11, which was released on October 5, 2021. In contrast to the Tablet computer, tablet-oriented approach of Windows 8, Microsoft provided the desktop environment, de ...
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Microsoft Store
The Microsoft Store (formerly known as the Windows Store) is a digital distribution platform operated by Microsoft. It was created as an app store for Windows 8 as the primary means of distributing Universal Windows Platform apps. With Windows 10 1803, Microsoft merged its other distribution platforms ( Windows Marketplace, Windows Phone Store, Xbox Music, Xbox Video, Xbox Store, and a web storefront also known as "Microsoft Store") into Microsoft Store, making it a unified distribution point for apps, console games, and digital videos. Digital music was included until the end of 2017, and E-books were included until 2019. As with other similar platforms, such as the Google Play and Mac App Store, Microsoft Store is curated, and apps must be certified for compatibility and content. In addition to the user-facing Microsoft Store client, the store has a developer portal with which developers can interact. Microsoft takes 5–15% of the sale price for apps and 30 ...
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OneDrive
Microsoft OneDrive is a file-hosting service operated by Microsoft. First released as SkyDrive in August 2007, it allows registered users to store, share, back-up and synchronize their files. OneDrive also works as the storage Frontend and backend, backend of the Office Online, web version of Microsoft 365. OneDrive offers 5 gigabytes of storage space free of charge, with 100 GB, 1 Terabyte, TB, and 6 TB storage options available, either separately or with Microsoft 365 subscriptions. #Client apps, The OneDrive client app adds file synchronization and cloud backup features to its device. The app comes included with Microsoft Windows, and is also currently available for macOS, Android (operating system), Android and iOS. In addition, Microsoft 365 apps directly integrate with OneDrive. History At its launch, OneDrive, then known as ''Windows Live Folders'' (codenamed ''SkyDrive''), was provided as a limited beta available to a few testers in the United State ...
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Microsoft Update Catalog
The Microsoft Update Catalog is a website created by Microsoft that provides a list of patches, drivers and software for corporations to distribute over a network. Scope Security updates are released once a month on the website, except in special circumstances; for instance, in the event of a widespread computer virus or worm, Microsoft releases a corresponding update as soon as possible. Gordon Mangione, Microsoft's Security Business & Technology Unit vice president (from 2004-03 to 2005-11), remarked: "Because the new services and technologies draw information and updates from a single source—the Microsoft Update catalog—and use a common polling engine (provided by the new Windows Update Agent), our customers will have a much more integrated and reliable update management process." Usage The latest iteration of the site was launched in August 2007, and at the time, only worked in the web browser Internet Explorer, version 6 and version 7. Before using the catalog, the ...
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Windows Update
Windows Update is a Microsoft service for the Windows 9x and Windows NT families of the Microsoft Windows operating system, which automates downloading and installing Microsoft Windows software updates over the Internet. The service delivers software updates for Windows, as well as the various Microsoft Antivirus software, antivirus products, including Windows Defender and Microsoft Security Essentials. Since its inception, Microsoft has introduced two extensions of the service: Microsoft Update and Windows Update for Business. The former expands the core service to include other Microsoft products, such as Microsoft Office and Microsoft Expression Studio. The latter is available to business editions of Windows 10 and permits postponing updates or receiving updates only after they have undergone rigorous testing. As the service has evolved over the years, so has its client software. For a decade, the primary client component of the service was the Windows Update web app that coul ...
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Emoji
An emoji ( ; plural emoji or emojis; , ) is a pictogram, logogram, ideogram, or smiley embedded in text and used in electronic messages and web pages. The primary function of modern emoji is to fill in emotional cues otherwise missing from typed conversation as well as to replace words as part of a logographic system. Emoji exist in various genres, including facial expressions, expressions, activity, food and drinks, celebrations, flags, objects, symbols, places, types of weather, animals, and nature. Originally meaning pictograph, the word ''emoji'' comes from Japanese  + ; the resemblance to the English words ''emotion'' and ''emoticon'' is False cognate, purely coincidental. The first emoji sets were created by Japanese portable electronic device companies in the late 1980s and the 1990s. Emoji became increasingly popular worldwide in the 2010s after Unicode began encoding emoji into the Unicode Standard. They are now considered to be a large part of popular culture ...
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Ryzen
Ryzen ( ) is a brand of multi-core x86-64 microprocessors, designed and marketed by AMD for desktop, mobile, server, and embedded platforms, based on the Zen microarchitecture. It consists of central processing units (CPUs) marketed for mainstream, enthusiast, server, and workstation segments, and accelerated processing units (APUs), marketed for mainstream and entry-level segments, and embedded systems applications. A majority of AMD's consumer Ryzen products use the AM4 and AM5 platforms. In August 2017, AMD launched their Ryzen Threadripper line aimed at the enthusiast and workstation markets. Ryzen Threadripper uses different, larger sockets such as TR4, sTRX4, sWRX8, and sTR5, which support additional memory channels and PCI Express lanes. AMD has moved to the new AM5 platform for consumer desktop Ryzen with the release of Zen 4 products in late 2022. History Background Ryzen uses the "Zen" CPU microarchitecture, a redesign that returned AMD to the high- ...
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Cache Hierarchy
Cache hierarchy, or multi-level cache, is a memory architecture that uses a hierarchy of memory stores based on varying access speeds to cache data. Highly requested data is cached in high-speed access memory stores, allowing swifter access by central processing unit (CPU) cores. Cache hierarchy is a form and part of memory hierarchy and can be considered a form of tiered storage. This design was intended to allow CPU cores to process faster despite the CAS latency, memory latency of computer data storage, main memory access. Accessing main memory can act as a bottleneck for computer performance, CPU core performance as the CPU waits for data, while making all of main memory high-speed may be prohibitively expensive. High-speed caches are a compromise allowing high-speed access to the data most-used by the CPU, permitting a faster clock rate, CPU clock. Background In the history of computer and electronic chip development, there was a period when increases in CPU speed outpaced ...
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Microsoft
Microsoft Corporation is an American multinational corporation and technology company, technology conglomerate headquartered in Redmond, Washington. Founded in 1975, the company became influential in the History of personal computers#The early 1980s and home computers, rise of personal computers through software like Windows, and the company has since expanded to Internet services, cloud computing, video gaming and other fields. Microsoft is the List of the largest software companies, largest software maker, one of the Trillion-dollar company, most valuable public U.S. companies, and one of the List of most valuable brands, most valuable brands globally. Microsoft was founded by Bill Gates and Paul Allen to develop and sell BASIC interpreters for the Altair 8800. It rose to dominate the personal computer operating system market with MS-DOS in the mid-1980s, followed by Windows. During the 41 years from 1980 to 2021 Microsoft released 9 versions of MS-DOS with a median frequen ...
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Microsoft 365
Microsoft 365 (previously called Office 365) is a product family of productivity software, collaboration and Cloud computing, cloud-based Software as a service, services owned by Microsoft. It encompasses online services such as Outlook.com, OneDrive, Microsoft Teams, programs formerly marketed under the name Microsoft Office (including applications such as Microsoft Word, Word, Microsoft Excel, Excel, Microsoft PowerPoint, PowerPoint, and Microsoft Outlook, Outlook on Microsoft Windows, macOS, mobile devices, and Microsoft Office, on the web), and enterprise products and services associated with these products such as Microsoft Exchange Server, Exchange Server, SharePoint, and Viva Engage. Microsoft 365 also covers subscription plans encompassing these products, including those that include subscription-based licenses to desktop and mobile software, and hosted email and intranet services. The branding Office 365 was introduced in 2010 to refer to a subscription-based software as ...
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Microsoft Teams
Microsoft Teams is a team collaboration platform developed by Microsoft as part of the Microsoft 365 suite. It offers features such as workspace chat, video conferencing, file storage, and integration with both Microsoft and third-party applications and services. Teams gradually replaced earlier Microsoft messaging and collaboration platforms, including Skype for Business, Skype, and Microsoft Classroom. The platform saw significant growth during the COVID-19 pandemic, alongside competitors such as Zoom, Slack, and Google Meet, as organizations shifted to remote work and virtual meetings. , Microsoft reported approximately 280million monthly active users. History On August 29, 2007, Microsoft acquired Parlano, the developer of the persistent group chat tool MindAlign. Years later, on March 4, 2016, Microsoft considered acquiring Slack for $8 billion. However, the proposal was reportedly opposed by Bill Gates, who advocated for focusing on enhancing Skype for Business i ...
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Windows 11, Version 22H2
The Windows 11 2022 Update (also known as version 22H2 and codenamed "Sun Valley 2") is the first major update to Windows 11. It carries the build number 10.0.22621. Five component updates were released for this version"Moment 1" with build 22621.675 on October 18, 2022, "Moment 2" with build 22621.1344 on February 28, 2023, "Moment 3" with build 22621.1778 on May 24, 2023, "Moment 4" with build 22621.2361 on September 26, 2023, and "Moment 5" with build 22621.3235 on February 29, 2024. Overview The first preview was released to Insiders who opted in to the Dev Channel on September 2, 2021. As of build 22449, the version string has been changed from "Dev" to "22H2". The update began rolling out on September 20, 2022. Notable changes in the 2022 Update include: * Redesigned and new Efficiency mode feature in Task Manager * Re-added the drag and drop feature on the taskbar * Improvement to the snap layout experience * New live captions feature * New Smart App Control (SAC) feat ...
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