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Wim Sanders
Wim Sanders (9 August 1908 – 11 April 1995) was a Dutch politician and World War II resistance fighter. Biography Sanders grew up in Enschede. His father was a councilor and alderman on behalf of the SDAP. Sanders obtained his Mulo diploma in 1925 and then got a police job, first in Lonneker as a clerk and later in Enschede as an inspector. As a border municipality, Enschede in the 1930s regularly had to deal with Jewish refugees from Germany. The order from The Hague was to transfer them back across the border if they had no valid papers. Sanders contributed to this. After the German invasion in May 1940 Sanders assisted the occupying forces in the arrest of several Twentse Communists (in June 1941) and Jewish Enschedeers (in September 1941). Most detainees from the latter groups lost their lives in the Mauthausen concentration camp in the weeks and months that followed. However, the policeman found it increasingly difficult to cooperate with the occupying forces. In Decem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arnhem
Arnhem ( or ; german: Arnheim; South Guelderish: ''Èrnem'') is a city and municipality situated in the eastern part of the Netherlands about 55 km south east of Utrecht. It is the capital of the province of Gelderland, located on both banks of the rivers Nederrijn and Sint-Jansbeek, which was the source of the city's development. Arnhem had a population of 163.972 on 1 December 2021, which made it one of the larger cities of the Netherlands. The municipality is part of the Arnhem–Nijmegen metropolitan area, which has a combined number of 774,506 inhabitants on 31 January 2022. Arnhem is home to the Hogeschool van Arnhem en Nijmegen, ArtEZ Institute of the Arts, Netherlands Open Air Museum, Airborne Museum 'Hartenstein', Royal Burgers' Zoo, NOC*NSF and National Sports Centre Papendal. The north corner of the municipality is part of the Hoge Veluwe National Park. It is approximately in area, consisting of heathlands, sand dunes, and woodlands. History Early history T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PTT (Netherlands)
KPN (in full Koninklijke KPN N.V., also Royal KPN N.V.) is a Dutch landline and mobile telecommunications company. KPN originated from a government-run postal, telegraph and telephone service and is based in Rotterdam, Netherlands. History Until 1998 What is now KPN was first officially established as a postal service called the Statenpost in 1752. In 1799, Dutch postal services were reformed into a single, national system, and in 1807, was placed under the administration of the Ministry of Finance. In 1893, postal system and telegraph and telephone services were brought together to form the Staatsbedrijf der Posterijen, Telegrafie en Telefonie (approximately, “National corporation for Postage, Telegraphy and Telephony”), shortened to PTT or internationally as PTT-NL, under the Ministry of Agriculture, Industry and Commerce. Around a hundred years later, post codes were introduced in the Netherlands in 1977, which allowed full automation of the postal system. On 1 Janua ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Het Parool
''Het Parool'' () is an Amsterdam-based daily newspaper. It was first published on 10 February 1941 as a resistance paper during the German occupation of the Netherlands (1940–1945). In English, its name means ''The Password'' or ''The Motto''. History Second World War The paper was preceded by a stenciled newsletter which was started in May 1940 by Frans Goedhart. In late 1940, Wim van Norden joined the group of producers of the newsletter; Van Norden would later serve as director of the newspaper between 1945 and 1979. Jaap Nunes Vaz also became involved with the newspaper. In 1944, the paper, albeit illegal and vigorously persecuted, reached a circulation of approximately 100,000, and it was distributed by the Dutch resistance. Other important contributors were Simon Carmiggelt and Max Nord, who lived with Van Norden and their families on the Reguliersgracht, in the headquarters of the paper, which was never discovered by the Nazis. Numerous staff were apprehended an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frits Kerkhoven
A frit is a ceramic composition that has been fused, quenched, and granulated. Frits form an important part of the batches used in compounding enamels and ceramic glazes; the purpose of this pre-fusion is to render any soluble and/or toxic components insoluble by causing them to combine with silica and other added oxides.''Dictionary of Ceramics'' (3rd Edition) Edited by Dodd, A. Murfin, D. Institute of Materials. 1994. However, not all glass that is fused and quenched in water is frit, as this method of cooling down very hot glass is also widely used in glass manufacture. According to the ''OED'', the origin of the word "frit" dates back to 1662 and is "a calcinated mixture of sand and fluxes ready to be melted in a crucible to make glass". Nowadays, the unheated raw materials of glass making are more commonly called "glass batch". In antiquity, frit could be crushed to make pigments or shaped to create objects. It may also have served as an intermediate material in the manuf ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dries Riphagen
Bernardus Andreas "Dries" Riphagen (7 September 1909 – 13 May 1973) was a Dutch gangster and Nazi collaborator who is best known in the Netherlands for collaborating with the Nazi (SD) to locate as many Dutch Jews as possible and have them delivered to Nazi concentration camps during the occupation. Riphagen would gain the trust of Jews by promising to safeguard their belongings, primarily jewellery, until the conclusion of the war, only to defraud them of their belongings and notify the SD of their location. After the end of war in Europe, he faked his death and went into hiding. He deposited the stolen Jewish belongings and money in an undetermined bank in neutral Switzerland and fled to Argentina, as had many Nazi officers. He secretly returned to Europe at some point between 1950 and 1970, to withdraw the ill-gotten jewellery. Dutch authorities issued an arrest warrant and bounty on Riphagen in 1988 but it later transpired that he had died at a Swiss private clinic in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Louis Beel
Louis Joseph Maria Beel (12 April 1902 – 11 February 1977) was a Dutch politician of the defunct Roman Catholic State Party (RKSP) and later co-founder of the Catholic People's Party (KVP) now the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) party and jurist who served as Prime Minister of the Netherlands from 3 July 1946 until 7 August 1948 and from 22 December 1958 until 19 May 1959. Beel studied Law at the Radboud University Nijmegen obtaining a Master of Laws degree and worked as a civil servant in Eindhoven and for the Provincial-Executive of Overijssel from July 1929 until May 1942 and as a researcher at his alma mater before finishing his thesis and graduating as a Doctor of Law in Administrative law and during World War II worked as a lawyer in Eindhoven from May 1942 until January 1945. Shortly before the end of the War Beel was appointed as Minister of the Interior in the Cabinet Gerbrandy III, the last government-in-exile taking office on 23 February 1945. After a cabinet for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Partij Van De Arbeid (Nederland)
The Labour Party ( nl, Partij van de Arbeid, , abbreviated as ''PvdA'', or ''P van de A'', ) is a social-democratic political party in the Netherlands. The party was founded in 1946 as a merger of the Social Democratic Workers' Party, the Free-thinking Democratic League and the Christian Democratic Union. Prime Ministers from the Labour Party have been Willem Drees (1948–1958), Joop den Uyl (1973–1977) and Wim Kok (1994–2002). From 2012 to 2017, the PvdA formed the second-largest party in parliament and was the junior partner in the Second Rutte cabinet with the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy. The Leader of the Labour Party is Attje Kuiken. The party fell to nine seats in the House of Representatives at the 2017 general election, making it the seventh-largest faction in the chamber—its worst showing ever. However, the party rebounded with a first-place finish in the 2019 European Parliament election in the Netherlands, winning 6 of 26 seats, with 19% of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Koos Vorrink
Jacobus Jan Vorrink, better known as Koos Vorrink (7 June 1891 – 19 July 1955), was a socialist leader in the Netherlands. Early life Koos Vorrink was born on 7 June 1891 in Vlaardingen, in the Dutch province of South Holland. He started his career as a schoolteacher. On 1 November 1920 he became secretary of the Arbeiders Jeugd Organisatie (AJC), the Dutch socialist youth movement. On 11 May 1924 he became chairman of the socialist youth movement. On 13 July 1916 he married Irene Hendrika Bergmeijer. Together they had two daughters. Only one daughter survived, Irene Vorrink (7 January 1918 - 21 August 1996), who would become minister of Health in the cabinet Den Uyl (1973–1977). Vorrinks career progressed as he became chairman of the SDAP, the Dutch socialist party before World War II, on 1 April 1934. He would remain chairman of the SDAP until January 1946. Life during World War II As Nazi Germany occupied the Netherlands in 1940 Vorrink tried in vain to escape t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nederlandsche Unie
The Netherlands Union ( nl, Nederlandsche Unie) was a short-lived political movement active in the German-occupied Netherlands in World War II. In its brief period of activity between July 1940 and May 1941, up to 800,000 Dutch people became members, which was about a tenth of the population at the time. It represented the largest political movement in the history of the Netherlands. Foundation and goals The Netherlands Union was founded on 24 July 1940 only a few weeks after the completion of the German invasion of the Netherlands. It was created by Dr Louis Einthoven who had been Chief of Police in Rotterdam, Johannes Linthorst Homan who had been Queen's Commissioner in Groningen, and Professor Jan de Quay who had been part of the Roman Catholic State Party. On the day of its founding, the three circulated a manifesto setting out the goals of the movement. It called on the Dutch to accommodate themselves to the new political reality of the German occupation and promoted "a l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Louis Einthoven
Louis Einthoven (30 March 1896 – 29 May 1979) was a Dutch lawyer and the co-founder of Nederlandsche Unie. After the war, Einthoven was put in charge of Bureau Nationale Veiligheid, which was renamed Binnenlandse Veiligheidsdienst. He was born in Soerabaja and died in Lunteren. Biography Chinese Deportations At the end of 1933, Einthoven left the Dutch East Indies and resettled in the Netherlands. On December 29 of that year he became chief commissioner of police in Rotterdam. In the 1930s, Einthoven hated the politics of pillarization in the Netherlands. As a police commissioner, he also disliked the large number of Chinese people in his city and therefore introduced two categories of Chinese: a category that was considered to have an economic value and allowed to settle in the Netherlands and a category "excess Chinese" who had no rights and had to be sent 'back' to China as soon as possible. Because of him, of the estimated 3000 Chinese in the Netherlands, more than 100 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
General Intelligence And Security Service
The General Intelligence and Security Service ( nl, Algemene Inlichtingen- en Veiligheidsdienst, AIVD; ) is the intelligence and security agency of the Netherlands, tasked with domestic, foreign and signals intelligence and protecting national security. History The history of Dutch intelligence can trace itself back to 1914 with the creation of the Generale Staf III (GS III) during the outbreak of World War I. The year following the end of the war, GS III was replaced by the Centrale Inlichtingendienst (CI) in 1919. After Nazi Germany invaded the Netherlands, the Dutch government-in-exile deemed the CI to be inadequate for their war efforts and so created the Bureau Inlichtingen (BI) in 1942. After the war, in 1945, Netherlands replaced the Bureau of National Security ('' Bureau voor Nationale Veiligheid'') and in 1947, was later known as the Domestic Security Service (''Binnenlandse Veiligheidsdienst'') (BVD) which would be the predecessor of the AIVD. For the gathering of inte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Internal Security Service
Internal Security Service (ISS; ar, جهاز الأمن الداخلي, transliterated: ''Jahaz al Amn al Dakhly'') is the national security agency of the Sultanate of Oman. The agency focuses solely upon domestic security while foreign intelligence operations is specifically handled by the Palace Office, which controls external security and coordinates all intelligence and security policies. The stated overall purpose of ISS is to investigates all matters related to internal security. The ISS also leads on Omani counter terrorism procedures and outreach activities. The ISS can trace its history back to the intelligence and security structures set up using British military intelligence expertise as part of Sultan Said's armed forces in the 1950s. HM Sultan Qaboos developed the capability and the Oman Intelligence Service became the Oman Research Department (ORD); with its main focus being supporting counter insurgency operations in the Dhofar Region in the 1970s. The ORD was re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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