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William VI Of Montpellier
William VI or Guillem VI (died 1161) was the eldest son of William V and his wife Ermessende, daughter of Count . William succeeded his father in the lordship of Montpellier in 1121, while still a minor, under his mother's guardianship. He suppressed a revolt of the bourgeoisie in 1143 and participated in several military campaigns of the ''Reconquista'' in Spain (1134, 1146–47). He also increased the public character of the lordship in Montpellier and supported the growth of its trade. Power sharing At the beginning of William's reign, secular authority in Montpellier was shared between the Guillem dynasty, the hereditary '' viguiers'' of the town, and the Bishop of Montpellier.Lewis, "Seigneurial Administration", 567–68. In 1139 William confirmed the vicarage to the heirs of the old ''viguier'' Bernard Guillem, and the surviving document shows that the ''viguier''s power has increased since 1103 and was probably at its height. William did secure the reaffirmation of his sei ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William V Of Montpellier
William V (or Guilhem V; died 1121) was the Lord of Montpellier from 1068 until his death.Archibald R. Lewis, "The Guillems of Montpellier: A Sociological Appraisal", ''Viator'', 2 (1971), 160. He was the son of William IV. Soon after his father's death, his mother, Ermengarde, quit Montpellier to marry the Lord of Anduze. William IV had confided the tutelage of his son to the child's grandmother, Beliarde, and to his nearest relatives: William Arnold, Raymond Stephen, and William Aymoin. After a short conflict with the bishop of Maguelonne, William V rendered homage to the bishop on 10 December 1090 and was recognised as lord of Montpellier. At the call of Pope Urban II, William took up the cross of the First Crusade in the army of Raymond IV of Toulouse. He served notably at the capture of the small Syrian village of Ma'arrat al-Numan in 1098. After the fall of Jerusalem in 1099, William remained in the Holy Land for a while. He remained at the side of Godfrey de Bouillon a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Le Pouget
Le Pouget (; oc, Lo Poget) is a commune in the Hérault department in the Occitanie region in southern France. It contains the Gallardet dolmen. Geography Le Pouget is situated on the sides of two valleys, Aumelas and Clermont L'Hérault. The centre of the commune is at the entrance to the medieval ''circulade''. The clay soil favours viticulture. The river Hérault is 2 km from the centre. Climate Le Pouget has a mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification ''Csa''). The average annual temperature in Le Pouget is . The average annual rainfall is with October as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in July, at around , and lowest in January, at around . The highest temperature ever recorded in Le Pouget was on 28 February 2019; the coldest temperature ever recorded was on 16 January 1985. History The village was known for its ''circulade'' in the Middle Ages in the time of Louis XIV. The prehistoric dolmen Gallardet (or dolmen de Pouget ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Count Of Toulouse
The count of Toulouse ( oc, comte de Tolosa, french: comte de Toulouse) was the ruler of county of Toulouse, Toulouse during the 8th to 13th centuries. Originating as vassals of the kingdom of the Franks, Frankish kings, the hereditary counts ruled the city of Toulouse and its surrounding County of Toulouse, county from the late 9th century until 1270. The counts and other family members were also at various times counts of Quercy, Rouergue, Albi, and Nîmes, and sometimes margraves (military defenders of the Holy Roman Empire) of Septimania and Provence. Count Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse, Raymond IV founded the Crusader state of County of Tripoli, Tripoli, and his descendants were also counts there. They reached the zenith of their power during the 11th and 12th centuries, but after the Albigensian Crusade the county fell to the kingdom of France, nominally in 1229 and ''de facto'' in 1271. Later the title was revived for Louis Alexandre, Count of Toulouse, a bastard of L ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alfonso Jordan
Alfonso Jordan, also spelled Alfons Jordan or Alphonse Jourdain (1103–1148), was the Count of Tripoli (1105–09), Count of Rouergue (1109–48) and Count of Toulouse, Margrave of Provence and Duke of Narbonne (1112–48). Life Alfonso was the son of Raymond IV of Toulouse by his third wife, Elvira of Castile. He was born in the castle of Mont Pèlerin in Tripoli while his father was on the First Crusade. He was given the name "Jourdain" after being baptised in the Jordan River. Alfonso's father died when he was two years old and he remained under the guardianship of his cousin, William Jordan, Count of Cerdagne, until he was five. He was then taken to Europe, where his half-brother Bertrand had given him the county of Rouergue. Upon Bertrand's death in 1112, Alfonso succeeded to the county of Toulouse and marquisate of Provence. In 1114, Duke William IX of Aquitaine, who claimed Toulouse by right of his wife Philippa, daughter of Count William IV, invaded the county and conq ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bernard IV Of Melgueil
Bernard (''Bernhard'') is a French and West Germanic masculine given name. It is also a surname. The name is attested from at least the 9th century. West Germanic ''Bernhard'' is composed from the two elements ''bern'' "bear" and ''hard'' "brave, hardy". Its native Old English reflex was ''Beornheard'', which was replaced by the French form ''Bernard'' that was brought to England after the Norman Conquest. The name ''Bernhard'' was notably popular among Old Frisian speakers. Its wider use was popularized due to Saint Bernhard of Clairvaux (canonized in 1174). Bernard is the second most common surname in France. Geographical distribution As of 2014, 42.2% of all known bearers of the surname ''Bernard'' were residents of France (frequency 1:392), 12.5% of the United States (1:7,203), 7.0% of Haiti (1:382), 6.6% of Tanzania (1:1,961), 4.8% of Canada (1:1,896), 3.6% of Nigeria (1:12,221), 2.7% of Burundi (1:894), 1.9% of Belgium (1:1,500), 1.6% of Rwanda (1:1,745), 1.2% of Germany (1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Solidus (coin)
The ''solidus'' (Latin 'solid'; ''solidi'') or nomisma ( grc-gre, νόμισμα, ''nómisma'', 'coin') was a highly pure gold coin issued in the Late Roman Empire and Byzantine Empire. Constantine I, Constantine introduced the coin, and its weight of about 4.5 grams remained relatively constant for seven centuries. In the Byzantine Empire, the solidus or nomisma remained a highly pure gold coin until the 11th century, when several Byzantine Empire, Byzantine list of Byzantine emperors, emperors began to strike the coin with less and less gold. The nomisma was finally abolished by Alexius I in 1092, who replaced it with the hyperpyron, which also came to be known as a "bezant". The Byzantine solidus also inspired the originally slightly less pure Dinar (coin), dinar issued by the Muslim Caliphate. In Western Europe, the solidus was the main gold coin of commerce from late Roman times to Pepin the Short's Carolingian Renaissance#Carolingian currency, currency reform, wh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Count Of Melgueil
The County of Melgueil ( oc, Melguelh, modern Mauguio) was a fief of first the Carolingian Emperor, then the King of France, and finally (1085) the Papacy during the Middle Ages. Counts probably sat at Melgueil from the time of the Visigoths. The counts of Melgueil were also counts of Maguelonne and Substantion from at least the time of Peter's homage to Pope Gregory VII on 27 April 1085. In 1172 Beatriu disinherited her son Bertrand and named her daughter Ermessenda her heiress. Later that year Ermessenda married the future Raymond VI of Toulouse and by her will of 1176 the county was to go to Toulouse. Bertrand refused to recognise his disinheritance and pledged homage as Count of Melgueil to Alfonso II of Aragon in 1172. The county fell to the Toulouse in 1190 and was annexed to the French crown in 1213, during the Albigensian Crusade. At the Fourth Council of the Lateran in 1215 it was given to the Diocese of Maguelonne and secular and ecclesiastical authority were merg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jus Naufragii
The ''jus naufragii'' (right of shipwreck), sometimes ''lex naufragii'' (law of shipwreck), was a medieval custom (never actually a law) which allowed the inhabitants or lord of a territory to seize all that washed ashore from the wreck of a ship along its coast. This applied, originally, to all the cargo of the ship, the wreckage itself, and even any passengers who came ashore, who were thus converted into slaves. This latter custom disappeared before the ''jus naufragii'' came to the attention of lawmakers. Right, God, and abolition The theoretical basis for the law, in Christian countries, was that God must be punishing the doomed ship for the vice of the crew. The ship and its cargo had thus been taken from their rightful owners by an act of God and were fair game. Despite this, consistent attempts to abolish the practice are recorded over the course of more than a millennium. Roman and Byzantine law made no room for the custom. The '' Codex'' and the '' Digesta'' of Justinia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Notary
A notary is a person authorised to perform acts in legal affairs, in particular witnessing signatures on documents. The form that the notarial profession takes varies with local legal systems. A notary, while a legal professional, is distinct from an advocate in that they do not represent the person who engages their services, or act in contentious matters. The Worshipful Company of Scriveners use an old English term for a notary, and are an association of notaries practising in central London since 1373. Overview Documents are notarized to deter fraud and to ensure they are properly executed. An impartial witness (the notary) identifies signers to screen out impostors and to make sure they have entered into agreements knowingly and willingly. Loan documents including Deed, deeds, Affidavit, affidavits, Contract, contracts, and Power of attorney, powers of attorney are very common documents needing notarization. Code of Hammurabi#Laws, Code of Hammurabi Law 122 (c. 1755 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saint-Pons-de-Mauchiens
Saint-Pons-de-Mauchiens (; oc, Sant Ponç de Mauchins) is a commune in the Hérault department in the Occitanie region in southern France. Geography A tiny village perched on a hill, St. Pons de Machines is a typical example of the ''circulade'' type of village dating back to the eleventh and twelfth centuries. The Bishops of Agde built the city castle in 1199. A fine mill, the "Moulin de Roquemengarde" on the river Hérault is only 4 km away. To really escape from the modern world, there is a recently restored footpath (17 km), nicely marked, leading from the village environs right out into the hilly ''garrigue'' countryside, perfumed with thyme, lavender and rosemary. History There is a legend about the village's name. One of the castle's lords owned a pack of ferocious dogs ("chiens" in French) that he let loose at nightfall. One day, he arrived home late and the castle doors were locked. The dogs did not recognize their master, savagely attacking his throat, teari ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frontignan
Frontignan (; ) is a commune in the Hérault department in southern France. Frontignan is renowned for its AOC wine, the Muscat de Frontignan, a sweet wine made solely from the Muscat grape variety. Geography Frontignan is located in the Languedoc coastal plain between the towns of Sète and Montpellier. The town is surrounded by the Gardiole hills to the north, the Ingril lagoon in the east, the Étang de Thau to the west and the Mediterranean shore (including the beach resort Frontignan-Plage) to the south. The Rhône-Sète canal separates the inland town centre and Frontignan-Plage. Frontignan station has rail connections (TER Occitanie) to Narbonne, Montpellier and Avignon. History * 1362 foundation of the fortress * 1560 ransacked by the Protestants * 16 June 1642: King Louis XIII of France and Cardinal Richelieu meet in Frontignan. * 1787: Thomas Jefferson, future president of the United States, stays in Frontignan and reportedly enjoys the local Muscat de Frontigna ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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