|
William George Murray
William George Murray (1884 – 2 December 1975) was a constable in the Northern Territory Police force who, in 1928, led a series of punitive expeditions against Aboriginal Australians that became known as the Coniston massacre. Early life Murray was born near the small rural town of Yarck, Victoria, Yarck in the British colony of Victoria (Australia), Victoria in 1884. His father was a local farmer by the name of William Henry Murray who was married to Mary Jane Mills. He grew up on the "Horton Vale" family farm near Yarck where he remained until around 1910 when Murray and his parents moved to the inner Melbourne suburb of Northcote, Victoria, Northcote. They lived at 62 Waterloo Road in Northcote. First World War In 1914, at the age of thirty, Murray enlisted as a soldier in the First Australian Imperial Force to fight in World War I. He was assigned to the 4th Light Horse Regiment (Australia), 4th Light Horse Regiment and was shipped out to Egypt in October 1914. He later fou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constable William George Murray
A constable is a person holding a particular office, most commonly in criminal Police, law enforcement. The office of constable can vary significantly in different jurisdictions. A constable is commonly the rank of an officer within the police. Other people may be granted powers of a constable without holding this title. Etymology Historically, the title comes from the Latin ''comes stabuli'' (comes, attendant to the stables, literally ''count of the stable'') and originated from the Roman Empire; originally, the constable was the officer responsible for keeping the horses of a lord or monarch.p103, Bruce, Alistair, ''Keepers of the Kingdom'' (Cassell, 2002), Constable Encyclopædia Britannica online The title was imported to the monarchy, monarchies of Middle Ages, medieval Europe, and in many countries developed into a high mil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cattle Station
In Australia and New Zealand, a cattle station is a large farm ( station is equivalent to the American ranch), the main activity of which is the rearing of cattle. The owner of a cattle station is called a '' grazier''. The largest cattle station in the world is Anna Creek Station in South Australia, which covers an area of . Improvements Each station has a homestead where the property owner or the manager lives. Nearby cottages or staff quarters provide housing for the employees. Storage sheds and cattle yards are also sited near the homestead. Other structures depend on the size and location of the station. Isolated stations will have a mechanic's workshop, schoolroom, a small general store to supply essentials, and possibly an entertainment or bar area for the owners and staff. Water may be supplied from a river, bores or dams, in conjunction with rainwater tanks. Nowadays, if rural mains power is not connected, electricity is typically provided by a generator, although sol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ernestine Hill
Ernestine Hill (21 January 1899 — 21 August 1972) was an Australian journalist, travel writer and novelist. Life Born Mary Ernestine Hemmings in Rockhampton, Queensland, she attended All Hallows' School in Brisbane, and then Stott & Hoare's Business College, Brisbane.Margriet R. Bonnin and Nancy Bonnin, 'Hill, Mary Ernestine (1899–1972)', Australian Dictionary of Biography, National Centre of Biography, Australian National Universityhttp://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/hill-mary-ernestine-10503/text18637 published first in hardcopy 1996, accessed online 22 June 2017. On completing her studies, she worked briefly in the public service, and then for ''Smith's Weekly'', Sydney, first as the secretary to the literary editor, J. F. Archibald, and later as a journalist and subeditor. In 1924 her son Robert was born. Rumoured to be R.C. Packer's son, although never publicly acknowledged. Ernestine assumed the surname Hill. During the 1930s she travelled extensively around Austra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sandover River
The Sandover River is an ephemeral river in the Northern Territory of Australia located in northeast Central Australia. It is the only major tributary of the Georgina River that does not rise in western Queensland. Instead it flows from the eastern Macdonnell Ranges, northward to enter the Georgina near Urandangi. The highest point in the catchment is Bald Hill at , but it enters the Georgina at altitudes below . Course and features The ephemeral Sandover River is usually dry except when the northern monsoon moves unusually far south into the continent. The average annual rainfall in the catchment area is typically around but varies greatly: in dry years like 1928 the total may be as low as , but in very wet years like 1974, 2000, 2001 and 2010, it can be as high as . Most of this rain falls in the summer: between December and March monthly totals have on several occasions exceeded the mean annual rainfall. Flows in the Sandover often fail to reach the Georgina, instead dryi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mass Poisonings Of Aboriginal Australians
Several recorded instances of mass poisonings of Aboriginal Australians occurred during the European colonisation of Australia. Aboriginal resistance to colonisation led settlers to look for ways to kill or drive them off their land. While the settlers would typically attempt to eliminate Aboriginal resistance through massacres, occasionally they would attempt to secretly poison them as well. Typically, poisoned food and drink would be given to Aboriginal people or left out in the open where they could find it. Whilst Aboriginal raids on new settlers' homes may have led to the consumption of poisonous products which had been mistaken for food, there is some evidence that tainted consumables may have either been knowingly given out to groups of Aboriginal people, or purposely left in accessible places where they were taken away and eaten collectively by the local clans. As a result, numerous incidents of deaths of Aboriginal people due to the consumption of poisonous substanc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Massacres Of Aboriginal Australians
Numerous clashes involving Indigenous people (on the continent "Australia") occurred during and after a wave of mass immigration of Europeans into the continent, which began in the late 18th century and lasted until the early 20th century. These clashes resulted in significant numbers of deaths – and are considered to be a contributing factor in the decline of the Indigenous population during an ongoing process of mass immigration and clearing of land for agricultural purposes. There are over 300 known sites involving clashes with Indigenous people on the continent. There are over nine instances of mass poisonings of Aboriginal Australians. A project headed by historian Lyndall Ryan from the University of Newcastle and funded by the Australian Research Council, has been researching and mapping the sites of these clashes. Significant collaborators toward this project include Jonathan Richards from the University of Queensland, Jennifer Debenham, Chris Owen, Robyn Smith and B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arltunga Historical Reserve
Arltunga is a deserted gold rush town located in the Northern Territory of Australia in the locality of Hart about east of Alice Springs. It is of major historical significance as the first major European settlement in Central Australia. Early Indigenous history The Karolinga and Aldolanda people, now known as the East Aranda people are thought to have occupied the Arltunga and surrounding region for up to 20,000 years. An early map drawn by TGH Strehlow identifies at least thirty significant cultural sites in the region surrounding Arltunga, including water sources that would have supported early mining in the region. While much mythological ceremonial information remains sacred, it is widely known that the Kulaia serpent inhabits all places containing water. When Strehlow camped just south of Arltunga in 1935, he recorded other Eastern Aranda kangaroo, native cat and rain ceremonies and songs. While most of the East Aranda people left the region in 1953 upon the establish ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Whitewashing (censorship)
Whitewashing is the act of glossing over or covering up vices, crimes or scandals or exonerating by means of a perfunctory investigation or biased presentation of data."Whitewash", Encyclopædia Britannica, 2003 DVD Ultimate reference suite. Etymology The first known use of the term is from 1591 in England. Whitewash is a cheap white paint or coating of chalked lime that was used to quickly give a uniform clean appearance to a wide variety of surfaces, such as the interior of a barn. Usage In 1800, in the United States, the word was used in a political context, when a Philadelphia ''Aurora'' editorial said that "if you do not whitewash President Adams speedily, the Democrats, like swarms of flies, will bespatter him all over, and make you both as speckled as a dirty wall, and as black as the devil." In the 20th century, many dictatorships, authoritarian and totalitarian states used whitewashing in order to glorify the results of war. For instance, during the Soviet invasion of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Darwin, Northern Territory
Darwin ( ; Larrakia: ) is the capital city of the Northern Territory, Australia. With an estimated population of 147,255 as of 2019, the city contains the majority of the residents of the sparsely populated Northern Territory. It is the smallest, wettest, and most northerly of the Australian capital cities and serves as the Top End's regional centre. Darwin's proximity to Southeast Asia makes the city's location a key link between Australia and countries such as Indonesia and East Timor. The Stuart Highway begins in Darwin, extends southerly across central Australia through Tennant Creek and Alice Springs, concluding in Port Augusta, South Australia. The city is built upon a low bluff overlooking Darwin Harbour. Darwin's suburbs begin at Lee Point in the north and stretch to Berrimah in the east. The Stuart Highway extends to Darwin's eastern satellite city of Palmerston and its suburbs. The Darwin region, like much of the Top End, experiences a tropical climate with a wet a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kaytetye People
The Kaytetye, also written Kaititya, and pronounced ''kay-ditch'', are an Aboriginal Australian people who live around Barrow Creek and Tennant Creek in the Northern Territory. Their neighbours to the east are the Alyawarre, to the south the Anmatyerre, to the west the Warlpiri, and to the north the Warumungu. Kaytetye country is dissected by the Stuart Highway. Language The Kaytetye language belongs to the Arandic languages, Arandic subgroup of the Pama-Nyungan languages. It is considered to be a threatened language. A sophisticated form of Australian Aboriginal sign languages, sign language is also used by some Kaytetye. Country In Norman Tindale's estimation the Kaytetye's traditional lands extended over roughly , to the southeast of Tennant Creek, taking in Elkedra, Gastrolobium Creek, Frew River, Whistleduck Creek, the headwaters of the Elkedra River, the Iytwelepenty / Davenport Range National Park, Davenport and Murchison Ranges, together with Mount Singleton. Their no ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Warlpiri People
The Warlpiri, sometimes referred to as Yapa, are a group of Aboriginal Australians defined by their Warlpiri language, although not all still speak it. There are 5,000–6,000 Warlpiri, living mostly in a few towns and settlements scattered through their traditional land in the Northern Territory, north and west of Alice Springs. About 3,000 still speak the Warlpiri language. The word "Warlpiri" has also been romanised as Walpiri, Walbiri, Elpira, Ilpara, and Wailbri. Language The Warlpiri language is a member of the Ngumpin-Yapa subgroup of the Pama-Nyungan family of languages. The name ''Yapa'' comes from the word for "person", and is also used by the Warlpiri people to refer to themselves, as Indigenous people rather than "kardiya" (non-Indigenous). The closest relative to Warlpiri is Warlmanpa. It has four main dialects; Yuendumu Warlpiri, in the south-west, Willowra Warlpiri, in the central area, around the Lander River, the northern dialect, Lajamanu Warlpiri, and the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yuendumu
Yuendumu is a town in the Northern Territory of Australia, northwest of Alice Springs on the Tanami Road, within the Central Desert Region local government area. It ranks as one of the larger remote communities in central Australia, and has a thriving community of Aboriginal artists. It is home to Pintubi Anmatjere Warlpiri (PAW) Media, which produced the TV series ''Bush Mechanics''. History Yuendumu was established in 1946 by the Native Affairs Branch of the Australian Government to deliver rations and welfare services; the first superintendent was Francis McGarry. In 1947 the Australian Baptist Home Mission was established there. By 1955 many of the Aboriginal people had settled in the town. Location and demographics Yuendumu lies on the edge of the Tanami Desert, north-west of Alice Springs within the Yuendumu Aboriginal Lands Trust area, on traditional Anmatyerr land. It includes numerous outstations, and the area borders Mount Doreen, Mount Denison, Central Mount Wedge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
.jpg "Click for more on -> Darwin, Northern Territory")
