|
Willapa People
The Willapa or Willoopah, also known as Kwalhioqua / Kwalhiokwa, were a Northern Athapaskan-speaking people in southwestern Washington, United States. Their territory was the valley of the Willapa River and the prairie between the headwaters of the Chehalis and Cowlitz Rivers. Together with the Clatskanie people (also: ''Tlatskanai / Klatskanai'', according to tradition originally part of the "Suwal/Swaal" subgroup) in the upper Nehalem River Valley and along the headwaters of the Klaskanine and Clatskanie River in northwestern Oregon they spoke dialects of the now extinct Kwalhioqua-Clatskanie (Kwalhioqua–Tlatskanai) language, the Willapa dialect was the most divergent. The Kwalhioqua lived north of the lower Columbia River, the Clatskanie (Tlatskanai) to the south, separated by the territory of the Lower Chinook-speaking Shoalwater Bay Chinook (or Willapa Chinook) or Clatsop and the Kathlamet (Cathlamet), who spoke another Chinookan variant. The Kwalhioqua-Clatskanie pe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Northern Athabaskan Languages
Northern Athabaskan is a geographic sub-grouping of the Athabaskan language family spoken by indigenous peoples in the northern part of North America, particularly in Alaska (Alaskan Athabaskans), Yukon, and the Northwest Territories. The Northern Athabaskan languages consist of 31 languages that can be divided into seven geographic subgroups. Southern Alaskan : 1. Ahtna (also known as Atna, Ahtena, Copper River) ::* Central Copper River Ahtna ::* Lower Copper River Ahtna ::* Mentasta (also known as Upper Ahtna) ::* Western Ahtna : 2. Dena’ina (also known as Tanaina) ::* Lower Inlet Dena’ina ::: - Outer Inlet ::: - Iliamna ::: - Inland ::* Upper Inlet Dena’ina Central Alaska–Yukon A. Koyukon : 3. Deg Xinag (also known as Deg Hit'an, Kaiyuhkhotana, Ingalik) ::* Lower Yukon River ::* Middle Kuskokwin : 4. Holikachuk (also known as Innoko, Innoka-khotana, Tlëgon-khotana) : 5. Koyukon (also known as Ten’a, Co-Youkon, Co-yukon) ::* Lower Koyukon (also known as Lower Yu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kwalhioqua-Clatskanie Language
Kwalhioqua-Clatskanie (Kwalhioqua-Tlatskanai) is an extinct Athabascan language of northwest Oregon and southwest Washington state Washington (), officially the State of Washington, is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the Western United States. Named for George Washington—the first U.S. president—the state was formed from the western part of the Washington ..., along the lower Columbia River. Dialects Dialects were: * Kwalhioqua (a.k.a. Willapa or Willoopah) (north of the lower Columbia River) **Willapa or Wela'pakote'li subdialect **Suwal subdialect * Clatskanie (a.k.a. Tlatskanai) (south of the lower Columbia River) References {{Athabaskan languages Northern Athabaskan languages Extinct languages of North America ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coast Salish Peoples
The Coast Salish is a group of ethnically and linguistically related Indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast, living in the Canadian province of British Columbia and the U.S. states of Washington and Oregon. They speak one of the Coast Salish languages. The Nuxalk (Bella Coola) nation are usually included in the group, although their language is more closely related to Interior Salish languages. The Coast Salish are a large, loose grouping of many nations with numerous distinct cultures and languages. Territory claimed by Coast Salish peoples span from the northern limit of the Salish Sea on the inside of Vancouver Island and covers most of southern Vancouver Island, all of the Lower Mainland and most of Puget Sound and the Olympic Peninsula (except for territories of now-extinct Chemakum people). Their traditional territories coincide with modern major metropolitan areas, namely Victoria, Vancouver, and Seattle. The Tillamook or Nehalem around Tillamook, Oregon ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kathlamet Language
Kathlamet was a Chinookan language that was spoken around the border of Washington and Oregon by the Kathlamet people. The most extensive records of the language were made by Franz Boas, and a grammar was documented in the dissertation of Dell Hymes. It became extinct in the 1930s and there is little text left of it. Kathlamet was spoken in northwestern Oregon along the south bank of the lower Columbia River. It has been classified as a dialect of Upper Chinook, or as Lower Chinook, but was mutually intelligible with neither. Phonology All of the Chinookan languages feature what Mithun (1999) describes as "rich consonant inventor(y) typical of anguages native tothe Northwest coast" and "elaborate phonological processes". Consonants Boas (1911b) reports that Kathlamet consonant clusters are defined by their position to the word initial, medial and final and the phonemic syllable initial and final. In sequences of consonant where a continuant occurs as nucleus, consonants fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kathlamet People
The Kathlamet people are a tribe of Native American people with a historic homeland along the Columbia River in what is today southwestern Washington state. The Kathlamet people originally spoke the Kathlamet language, a dialect of the Chinookan language. They were also called "Guasámas, or Guithlamethl, by the Clackamas", and "Kwillu'chini, by the Chinook." Lewis and Clark reported "that about 300 Cathlamet occupied nine plank houses on the south side of the Columbia River", and lived between Tongue Point and Puget Island in Clatsop County, Oregon. On the north side, they lived "from the mouth of Grays Bay to a little east of Oak Point." Their villages were: * Ika'naiak, on the north side of the Columbia River at the mouth of Coal Creek Slough just east of Oak Point. * Ilo'humin, on the north side of Columbia River opposite Puget Island and near the mouth of Alockman Creek. * Kathla'amat, on the south side of Columbia River about 4 miles below Puget Island. * Ta'nas ilu', ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clatsop
The Clatsop is a small tribe of Chinookan-speaking Native Americans in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. In the early 19th century they inhabited an area of the northwestern coast of present-day Oregon from the mouth of the Columbia River south to Tillamook Head, Oregon. Language ''Clatsop'' in the original language is ''łät'cαp'', which means "place of dried salmon". ''Clatsop'' was originally the name of a single settlement, later applied to the tribe as a whole. The Clatsop dialect used by the tribe is an extinct dialect of the Lower Chinookan language. Most Clatsops spoke Chinook Jargon by the time Lewis and Clark's Corps of Discovery made contact with them. Some spoke Nehalem, reflecting intermarriage and cohabitation with that tribe. Chinook Jargon is a trade language and was once used throughout much of the Pacific Northwest. Many place names in the area come from the Chinook Jargon, for example, Ecola Creek and Park — "whale". History The tri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shoalwater Bay Tribe
Shoalwater Bay Tribe is a Native American tribe in western Washington state in the United States. They are descendants of the Willapa Chinook, Lower Chehalis, and the Northern Athabaskan speaking Willapa (Kwalhioqua). The Shoalwater Bay tribe lives on the southwest coast of Washington in northwestern Pacific County, along the shores of Willapa Bay where the 2.693 km² (1.0397 sq mi) Shoalwater Bay Indian Reservation () with 70 inhabitants ( 2000 census) is located. The reservation is just west of Tokeland, Washington. The original language of the Shoalwater Bay Tribe, belonging to the Chinookan The Chinookan languages were a small family of languages spoken in Oregon and Washington along the Columbia River by Chinook peoples. Although the last known native speaker of any Chinookan language died in 2012, the 2009-2013 American Community ... family of Native American languages, is extinct. References Shoalwater Bay Reservation and Off-Reservation Trust Land, Washingto ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lower Chinook
Lower Chinook is a Chinookan language spoken at the mouth of the Columbia River on the west coast of North America. Dialects * Clatsop (Tlatsop) was spoken in northwestern Oregon around the mouth of the Columbia River and the Clatsop Plains The Clatsop Plains are an area of wetlands and sand dunes between the Northern Oregon Coast Range and Pacific Ocean in northwestern Oregon in the United States. They stretch from near the mouth of the Columbia River south to the vicinity of Tilla ... ''(†)''. * Chinook Jargon * Shoalwater (also known as Chinook proper), extinct (''†'') since the 1930s. Shoalwater was spoken in southwestern Washington around southern Willapa Bay. References Chinook (Tsinúk)at Omniglot. Retrieved 2017-06-23 Chinookan languages Indigenous languages of Oregon Indigenous languages of the Pacific Northwest Coast {{na-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Columbia River
The Columbia River (Upper Chinook: ' or '; Sahaptin: ''Nch’i-Wàna'' or ''Nchi wana''; Sinixt dialect'' '') is the largest river in the Pacific Northwest region of North America. The river rises in the Rocky Mountains of British Columbia, Canada. It flows northwest and then south into the U.S. state of Washington, then turns west to form most of the border between Washington and the state of Oregon before emptying into the Pacific Ocean. The river is long, and its largest tributary is the Snake River. Its drainage basin is roughly the size of France and extends into seven US states and a Canadian province. The fourth-largest river in the United States by volume, the Columbia has the greatest flow of any North American river entering the Pacific. The Columbia has the 36th greatest discharge of any river in the world. The Columbia and its tributaries have been central to the region's culture and economy for thousands of years. They have been used for transportation since a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clatskanie River
The Clatskanie River is a tributary of the Columbia River, approximately long, in northwestern Oregon in the United States. It drains a timber-producing area in the foothills of the Northern Oregon Coast Range north-northwest of Portland. It rises in eastern Columbia County, approximately west of St. Helens on the northern slopes of Bunker Hill. Major tributaries include Carcus Creek and the North Fork of the Clatskanie, which converge at Swedetown. The North Fork rises at Apiary. It flows generally north-northwest through the Clatsop State Forest, past Clatskanie. The Clatskanie River converges with Conyers Creek and Beaver Creek near Clatskanie and then it enters a slough on the Columbia from the south approximately east of Westport. The river is named for the Tlatskanai, an Athabascan tribe of Native Americans who lived in the valley of the nearby Nehalem River at the time of the arrival of Europeans in the early 19th century. There is also a Klaskanine Riv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Washington (state)
Washington (), officially the State of Washington, is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the Western United States. Named for George Washington—the first U.S. president—the state was formed from the western part of the Washington Territory, which was ceded by the British Empire in 1846, by the Oregon Treaty in the settlement of the Oregon boundary dispute. The state is bordered on the west by the Pacific Ocean, Oregon to the south, Idaho to the east, and the Canadian province of British Columbia to the north. It was admitted to the Union as the 42nd state in 1889. Olympia is the state capital; the state's largest city is Seattle. Washington is often referred to as Washington state to distinguish it from the nation's capital, Washington, D.C. Washington is the 18th-largest state, with an area of , and the 13th-most populous state, with more than 7.7 million people. The majority of Washington's residents live in the Seattle metropolitan area, the center of trans ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Klaskanine River
The Klaskanine River is a tributary of the Youngs River, approximately long, in northwest Oregon in the United States. It drains a small section of the Coast Range in the extreme northwest corner of the state in the watershed of the nearby Columbia River. It rises in three short forks in the mountains in central Clatsop County, in the Clatsop State Forest north of Saddle Mountain State Natural Area. The Middle Fork joins the North Fork, which then joins the South Fork. The combined stream flows generally northwest and enters the Youngs River from the east approximately south of Astoria. See also *List of Oregon rivers This is a partial listing of rivers in the state of Oregon, United States. This list of Oregon rivers is organized alphabetically and by tributary structure. The list may also include streams known as creeks, brooks, forks, branches and prongs, as ... References Rivers of Oregon Rivers of Clatsop County, Oregon Oregon placenames of Native American o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
