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Wijayarana Javana
''Wijayarana'' is a group of true frogs found in Southeast Asia. Their common name is Wijaya cascade frogs. Many are commonly known as "torrent frogs" after their favorite habitat - small rapid-flowing mountain and hill streams -, but this name is used for many similar-looking frogs regardless of whether they are closely related.Cai ''et al.'' (2007), Stuart (2008) Taxonomy All species in this genus were previously classified in the genus ''Huia'', which was found by a 2021 study to be paraphyletic; the type species ''Huia cavitympanum'' (the hole-in-the-head frog) was found to be related to the genus ''Meristogenys'', whereas the remaining members of ''Huia'' were sister to this clade. Due to this, the new genus ''Wijayarana'' was described to accommodate all members of ''Huia'' aside from ''H. cavitympanum''. The genus name is derived from ''wijaya'', the Indonesian spelling of the Sanskrit word ''vijaya'', meaning "victory", and references the former Srivijaya empire, whose ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Javan Torrent Frog
The Javan torrent frog (''Huia masonii'') is a species of frog in the family Ranidae. It is endemic to Java, Indonesia. It is found in Mount Halimun Salak National Park, Ujung Kulon National Park, and Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park in West Java, as well as in Dieng Nature Reserve in Central Java. Its natural habitats are clear, fast-flowing streams and torrents in forests and in somewhat more open areas. It is a common species within this specific habitat, which is being threatened by sedimentation of streams as well as agro-chemical pollution. Javan torrent frog males use high-frequency communication to overcome the noise of their riverine habitats that is dominated by low frequencies. The second harmonic of the calls is ultrasonic. Warbles are highly diverse and may function as vocal signatures. See also * Concave-eared Torrent Frog (''Odorrana tormota''), the first frog demonstrated to both produce and perceive ultrasonic frequencies * Hole-in-the-head Frog The ho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Convergent Evolution
Convergent evolution is the independent evolution of similar features in species of different periods or epochs in time. Convergent evolution creates analogous structures that have similar form or function but were not present in the last common ancestor of those groups. The cladistic term for the same phenomenon is homoplasy. The recurrent evolution of flight is a classic example, as flying insects, birds, pterosaurs, and bats have independently evolved the useful capacity of flight. Functionally similar features that have arisen through convergent evolution are ''analogous'', whereas '' homologous'' structures or traits have a common origin but can have dissimilar functions. Bird, bat, and pterosaur wings are analogous structures, but their forelimbs are homologous, sharing an ancestral state despite serving different functions. The opposite of convergence is divergent evolution, where related species evolve different traits. Convergent evolution is similar to parallel evo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zootaxa
''Zootaxa'' is a peer-reviewed scientific mega journal for animal taxonomists. It is published by Magnolia Press (Auckland, New Zealand). The journal was established by Zhi-Qiang Zhang in 2001 and new issues are published multiple times a week. From 2001 to 2020, more than 60,000 new species have been described in the journal accounting for around 25% of all new taxa indexed in The Zoological Record in the last few years. Print and online versions are available. Temporary suspension from JCR The journal exhibited high levels of self-citation and its journal impact factor of 2019 was suspended from ''Journal Citation Reports'' in 2020, a sanction which hit 34 journals in total. Biologist Ross Mounce noted that high levels of self-citation may be inevitable for a journal which publishes a large share of new species classification. Later that year this decision was reversed and it was admitted that levels of self-citation are appropriate considering the large proportion of papers f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Huia Modiglianii
''Wijayarana modiglianii'' is a species of frog in the family Ranidae. It is endemic to Sumatra (Indonesia). It was originally only known from two locations near Lake Toba, but is now known to be more widespread. The specific name ''modiglianii'' honors Elio Modigliani, an Italian anthropologist and zoologist who collected the holotype in 1891. Common name Modigliani's huia frog has been coined for this species. Morphological evidence suggests that it can hybridize with '' Huia sumatrana'', but this needs confirmation using genetic data. Description The holotype, an adult male, measures in snout–vent length, whereas an adult female paratype measures . The head is broader than it is wide and the snout is slightly pointed. The tympanum is large and distinct. The fingers are slender and bear large discs in their tips. The hind limbs are long. The toe discs are smaller than the finger discs; the toes are almost fully webbed. The thighs and the tibia have six crossbars each. H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Siamese Cascade Frog
The Siamese cascade frog or spotted-snout frog (''Wijayarana melasma'') is a species of frogs in the family Ranidae. It is endemic to western and northern Thailand and known from Kanchanaburi, Prachuap Kiri Khan, and Chiang Mai Provinces. Taxonomy ''Wijayarana melasma'' is sometimes placed in the genus ''Odorrana'', but actually seems to belong neither there nor in ''Huia'', at least if the latter genus is defined in the strict sense. In 2021, it was reclassified into the new genus ''Wijayarana''. Description Males in the type series measure in snout–vent length. No females were collected but a photographed individual presumed to be female measured in snout–vent length. The overall appearance of this species is moderately slender. The head is narrow with obtusely pointed snout. The tympanum is distinct. The fingers are unwebbed but have tips that are expanded to small discs; the toes are strongly webbed and have discs at their tips. Skin on the dorsum is shagreened; on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wijayarana Javana
''Wijayarana'' is a group of true frogs found in Southeast Asia. Their common name is Wijaya cascade frogs. Many are commonly known as "torrent frogs" after their favorite habitat - small rapid-flowing mountain and hill streams -, but this name is used for many similar-looking frogs regardless of whether they are closely related.Cai ''et al.'' (2007), Stuart (2008) Taxonomy All species in this genus were previously classified in the genus ''Huia'', which was found by a 2021 study to be paraphyletic; the type species ''Huia cavitympanum'' (the hole-in-the-head frog) was found to be related to the genus ''Meristogenys'', whereas the remaining members of ''Huia'' were sister to this clade. Due to this, the new genus ''Wijayarana'' was described to accommodate all members of ''Huia'' aside from ''H. cavitympanum''. The genus name is derived from ''wijaya'', the Indonesian spelling of the Sanskrit word ''vijaya'', meaning "victory", and references the former Srivijaya empire, whose ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Staurois
''Staurois'' is a small genus of minuscule true frogs. Most species in the genus are restricted to Borneo, but two species are from the Philippines.Arifin, U., D. T. Iskandar, D. P. Bickford, R. M. Brown, R. Meier, and S. N. Kutty. (2011). Phylogenetic relationships within the genus Staurois (Anura, Ranidae) based on 16S rRNA sequences. Zootaxa 2744: 39–52 This genus is a quite ancient member of the true frog family, Ranidae. They are typically found in or near rapidly flowing, small rocky streams, and are sometimes known as splash frogs or foot-flagging frogs. The latter name refers to their unusual behavior of conspicuously waving their hindlegs and feet, as a way of signalling other members of the species.Grafe, Preininger, Sztatecsny, Kasah, Dehling, Proksch & Höd (2012). ''Multimodal Communication in a Noisy Environment: A Case Study of the Bornean Rock Frog Staurois parvus.'' PLoS ONE, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037965 Similar behavior has also been documented in other ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rana Sauteri
''Rana sauteri'' is a species of true frog endemic to Taiwan. It inhabits low-altitude hill forests and the associated streams. It is an endangered species threatened by habitat loss due to agriculture and infrastructure development. Common names recorded for ''Rana sauteri'' include Kanshirei Village frog, Taiwan groove-toed frog, Sauter's brown frog, and Taiwan pseudotorrent frog. Taxonomy ''Rana sauteri'' was first described in 1909 by George Albert Boulenger on the basis of specimens collected on Taiwan by one H. Sauter. Boulenger noted resemblances to '' Rana japonica'' and ''Rana mortenseni'' (now '' Hylarana mortenseni'') and thought the species bridged part of the gap between '' Hylorana'' (now spelled ''Hylarana'') and the ''Rana temporaria'' group of species. In 1920, however, Boulenger placed the species in the subgenus ''Hylorana'' of the genus ''Rana''. In 1991, Fei and colleagues placed it in a new genus ''Pseudorana'' together with ''Rana sangzhiensis'' and ''Ra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tadpole
A tadpole is the larval stage in the biological life cycle of an amphibian. Most tadpoles are fully aquatic, though some species of amphibians have tadpoles that are terrestrial. Tadpoles have some fish-like features that may not be found in adult amphibians such as a lateral line, gills and swimming tails. As they undergo metamorphosis, they start to develop functional lungs for breathing air, and the diet of tadpoles changes drastically. A few amphibians, such as some members of the frog family Brevicipitidae, undergo direct development i.e., they do not undergo a free-living larval stage as tadpoles instead emerging from eggs as fully formed "froglet" miniatures of the adult morphology. Some other species hatch into tadpoles underneath the skin of the female adult or are kept in a pouch until after metamorphosis. Having no hard skeletons, it might be expected that tadpole fossils would not exist. However, traces of biofilms have been preserved and fossil tadpoles have ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adaptation
In biology, adaptation has three related meanings. Firstly, it is the dynamic evolutionary process of natural selection that fits organisms to their environment, enhancing their evolutionary fitness. Secondly, it is a state reached by the population during that process. Thirdly, it is a phenotypic trait or adaptive trait, with a functional role in each individual organism, that is maintained and has evolved through natural selection. Historically, adaptation has been described from the time of the ancient Greek philosophers such as Empedocles and Aristotle. In 18th and 19th century natural theology, adaptation was taken as evidence for the existence of a deity. Charles Darwin proposed instead that it was explained by natural selection. Adaptation is related to biological fitness, which governs the rate of evolution as measured by change in allele frequencies. Often, two or more species co-adapt and co-evolve as they develop adaptations that interlock with those of the oth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Huia Masonii
The Javan torrent frog (''Huia masonii'') is a species of frog in the family Ranidae. It is endemic to Java, Indonesia. It is found in Mount Halimun Salak National Park, Ujung Kulon National Park, and Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park in West Java, as well as in Dieng Nature Reserve in Central Java Central Java ( id, Jawa Tengah) is a province of Indonesia, located in the middle of the island of Java. Its administrative capital is Semarang. It is bordered by West Java in the west, the Indian Ocean and the Special Region of Yogyakarta in t .... Its natural habitats are clear, fast-flowing streams and torrents in forests and in somewhat more open areas. It is a common species within this specific habitat, which is being threatened by sedimentation of streams as well as agro-chemical pollution. Javan torrent frog males use high-frequency communication to overcome the noise of their riverine habitats that is dominated by low frequencies. The second harmonic of the c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
