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White Couriers
White Couriers (Polish: ''Biali Kurierzy'') was a group of around 20-30 Polish boy scouts and former soldiers of the Polish Army, most of whom had been associated with the interbellum sports club Junak Drohobycz. It existed between October 1939 and July 1940, when it was broken by the Soviet NKVD. The task of the White Couriers was to smuggle people from Soviet-occupied southeastern part of the Second Polish Republic, to the Hungarian region of Carpathian Ruthenia and further to Budapest. The White Couriers were part of the Grey Ranks (Polish: Szare Szeregi), a wartime codename for the underground Polish Scouting Association.Tadeusz Chciuk, member of Cichociemni, nom de guerre Marek Celt (1986)''Biali kurierzy'' (The White Couriers) (fragment).Karta, 1992. . Following the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, eastern Poland, known as Kresy, was annexed by the Soviet Union, allied with Nazi Germany. The Soviets immediately began campaign of a large-scale mass terror, with hundreds of tho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polish Army
The Land Forces () are the land forces of the Polish Armed Forces. They currently contain some 62,000 active personnel and form many components of the European Union and NATO deployments around the world. Poland's recorded military history stretches back a millennium – since the 10th century (see List of Polish wars and History of the Polish Army). Poland's modern army was formed after Poland regained independence following World War I in 1918. History 1918–1938 When Poland regained independence in 1918, it recreated its military which participated in the Polish–Soviet War of 1919–1921, and in the two smaller conflicts ( Polish–Ukrainian War (1918–1919) and the Polish–Lithuanian War (1920)). Initially, right after the First World War, Poland had five military districts (1918–1921): * Poznań Military District (Poznański Okręg Wojskowy), HQ in Poznań * Kraków Military District (Krakowski Okręg Wojskowy), HQ in Kraków * Łódź Military District (Łódz ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carpathians
The Carpathian Mountains or Carpathians () are a range of mountains forming an arc across Central Europe. Roughly long, it is the third-longest European mountain range after the Ural Mountains, Urals at and the Scandinavian Mountains at . The range stretches from the far eastern Czech Republic (3%) and Austria (1%) in the northwest through Slovakia (21%), Poland (10%), Ukraine (10%), Romania (50%) to Serbia (5%) in the south. "The Carpathians" European Travel Commission, in The Official Travel Portal of Europe, Retrieved 15 November 2016 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zbigniew Janicki
Zbigniew () is a Polish masculine given name, originally Zbygniew . This West Slavic name is derived from the Polish elements ''Zby-'' (from ''zbyć, zbyć się, or pozbyć się'', meaning "to dispel", "to get rid of") and ''gniew'', meaning "anger". Its diminutive forms include Zbyszek and Zbyś. The Czech form of this name is Zbyněk (derived from Zbyhněv). Individuals with this name may celebrate their name day on February 17, March 17, April 1, June 16 or October 10. English diminutive of this name is Zibi, Zbiggy or Zbig. Notable people * Zbigniew of Brzezia (c. 1360 – c. 1425), Polish knight and nobleman of Clan Zadora * Zbigniew of Poland, high duke of Poland from 1102–1106 A * Zbigniew Andruszkiewicz (born 1959), Polish rower B * Zbigniew Babiński (1896–1940), Polish military and sports aviator * Zbigniew Bargielski (born 1937), Polish composer * Zbigniew Baranowski (born 1991), Polish wrestler * Zbigniew Bartman (born 1987), Polish volleyball player * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Władysław Ossowski
Wladyslaw Ossowski (born 5 November 1925 in the village of Iwaszkowce near Turka, Poland, died 5 August 2000 in Legnica), was a Polish boyscout and member of the White Couriers. Using pseudonyms ''Maly Wladzio'', ''Smyk'', and ''Pitolcio'' Ossowski, as a 14-year-old boy, began leading Polish escapees from Soviet-occupied Eastern Poland. Between late 1939 and mid-1940, Ossowski, together with a group of Polish scouts mostly from Lwow, led scores of people across Soviet-Hungarian border (see: Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact) in the Eastern Carpathians. He would lead to Budapest those Poles who wanted to escape Soviet occupation. From Hungary, he would bring newspapers and directives of General Wladyslaw Sikorski. Ossowski, who was born and raised in the borderland area (before the war, there had been the Polish - Czechoslovakian border), used his knowledge and skills. On 8 May 1940 Ossowski was arrested in a house in the village of Komarniki, on the way to Hungary. At first, he was tr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tadeusz Żelechowski
''Tadeusz'' is a Polish first name, derived from Thaddaeus. Tadeusz may refer to: * Tadeusz Bór-Komorowski (1895–1966), Polish military leader * Tadeusz Borowski (1922–1951), Polish writer and The Holocaust survivor * Tadeusz Boy-Żeleński (1874–1941), Polish gynaecologist, writer, poet, art critic, translator of French literary classics and journalist * Tadeusz Brzeziński (1896–1991), Polish consular official and the father of President Jimmy Carter's national security adviser, Zbigniew Brzezinski * Tadeusz Czeżowski (1889–1981), Polish philosopher and logician * Tadeusz Dołęga-Mostowicz (1898–1939), Polish journalist and author of over a dozen popular novels * Tadeusz Drzazga (born 1975), Polish weightlifter * Tadeusz Hollender (1910–1943), Polish poet, translator and humorist * Tadeusz Jordan-Rozwadowski (1866 – 1928) was a Polish military commander, diplomat, and politician, a founder of the modern Polish Republic * Tadeusz Kantor (1915–1990), Polish ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rudolf Regner
Rudolf "Rudek" Regner (1917 in Dolina, Austrian Galicia – probably in June 1941, murdered by the NKVD), was a Polish scout, soldier and member of the White Couriers. Before World War II, he worked as a bookkeeper in a cooperative located in southeastern Polish town of Turka (now in Ukraine). Between late 1939 and mid-1940, Regner, together with a group of Polish scouts mostly from Lwow, led scores of people across Soviet-Hungarian border (see: Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact) in the Eastern Carpathians. He would lead to Budapest those Poles who wanted to escape Soviet occupation. From Hungary, he would bring newspapers and directives of General Wladyslaw Sikorski. Regner, who was born and raised in the borderland area (before the war, there had been the Polish - Czechoslovakian border), used his knowledge and skills. Circumstances of his death are unknown. According to some sources, he was captured by the NKVD in May 1940, while leading a group of escapees. However, it is more ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ferdynand Freimuth
Ferdynand is a Polish variant of the Germanic name Ferdinand. Ferdynand means "bold protector". People named Ferdynand Ferdynand is a given name. Notable people with the name include: *Ferdynand Antoni Ossendowski (1876–1945), Polish writer, journalist, traveller, explorer and university professor *Ferdynand Arczyński (1900–1979), founding member of Żegota in German-occupied Poland (1942–1945) *Ferdynand Radziwiłł (1834–1926), Polish nobleman and Polish-German politician *Ferdynand Ruszczyc (1870–1936), Polish painter, printmaker, and stage designer *Ferdynand Zarzycki (1888–1958), Polish general and politician *Karol Ferdynand Vasa (1613–1655), Prince-Bishop of Breslau/Wrocław, bishop of Płock and Duke of Oppeln Opole *Stanisław Ferdynand Rzewuski (1737–1786), Polish noble (szlachcic) See also *Ferdinand Ferdinand is a Germanic name composed of the elements "protection", "peace" (PIE "to love, to make peace") or alternatively "journey, travel", Proto ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Szczepan Michalski
Stephen or Steven is a common English first name. It is particularly significant to Christians, as it belonged to Saint Stephen ( grc-gre, Στέφανος ), an early disciple and deacon who, according to the Book of Acts, was stoned to death; he is widely regarded as the first martyr (or "protomartyr") of the Christian Church. In English, Stephen is most commonly pronounced as ' (). The name, in both the forms Stephen and Steven, is often shortened to Steve or Stevie. The spelling as Stephen can also be pronounced which is from the Greek original version, Stephanos. In English, the female version of the name is Stephanie. Many surnames are derived from the first name, including Stephens, Stevens, Stephenson, and Stevenson, all of which mean "Stephen's (son)". In modern times the name has sometimes been given with intentionally non-standard spelling, such as Stevan or Stevon. A common variant of the name used in English is Stephan ; related names that have found some curre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tadeusz Chciuk-Celt
Tadeusz Chciuk-Celt (17 October 1916 – 10 April 2001) was a Polish "Silent-unseen" special forces fighter during World War II, later journalist, and published author. He did two parachute missions into German occupied Poland and for his bravery was honored with the Order of Virtuti Militari. After the war he was persecuted by the Stalinists and left Poland in 1948. Chciuk-Celt worked for four decades for Radio Free Europe. He also wrote several books beginning with ''By Parachute to Warsaw'' under the literary double Marek Celt in 1945.Andrzej Pomian Tadeusz Chciuk-Celt (1916-2001).Wspomnienie. ''Nowy Dziennik'' weekly, "Przeglad polski" supplement online, 18 May 2001. He was declared a National Hero of Poland after the collapse of the Soviet empire and buried in Warsaw on 28 May 2001. Seven years later Tadeusz Chciuk-Celt was posthumously awarded one of the highest Polish honours, the Commander's Cross with Star of the Order of Polonia Restituta on 5 September 2008. Early li ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers. World War II was a total war that directly involved more than 100 million personnel from more than 30 countries. The major participants in the war threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. Aircraft played a major role in the conflict, enabling the strategic bombing of population centres and deploying the only two nuclear weapons ever used in war. World War II was by far the deadliest conflict in human history; it resulted in 70 to 85 million fatalities, mostly among civilians. Tens of millions died due to genocides (including the Holocaust), starvation, ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polish Radio Lwow
Polish may refer to: * Anything from or related to Poland, a country in Europe * Polish language * Poles Poles,, ; singular masculine: ''Polak'', singular feminine: ''Polka'' or Polish people, are a West Slavic nation and ethnic group, who share a common history, culture, the Polish language and are identified with the country of Poland in C ..., people from Poland or of Polish descent * Polish chicken * Polish brothers (Mark Polish and Michael Polish, born 1970), American twin screenwriters Polish may refer to: * Polishing, the process of creating a smooth and shiny surface by rubbing or chemical action ** French polishing, polishing wood to a high gloss finish * Nail polish * Shoe polish * Polish (screenwriting), improving a script in smaller ways than in a rewrite See also * * * Polonaise (other) {{Disambiguation, surname Language and nationality disambiguation pages ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
