|
Western Army (Ottoman Empire)
The Western Army of the Ottoman Empire ( Turkish: ''Garp Ordusu'') was one of the field armies of the Ottoman Army. It was formed during the mobilization phase of the First Balkan War. It confronted Serbian, Greek, Montenegrin and Bulgarian armies. It numbered app. 154,000 troops and 372 artillery. Order of Battle, 19 October 1912 On 19 October 1912, the army was structured as follows:Edward J. Erickson, ''Defeat in Detail, The Ottoman Army in the Balkans, 1912–1913'', Westport, Praeger, 2003, p. 170. *Serbian Front: ** Vardar Army (app. 65,000 men and 172 artillery) on Serbian approach. Commander was Gen. Zeki Pasha *Bulgarian Front: ** Ustruma Corps *Montenegrin Front: ** Provisional İşkodra Corps ** İpek Detachment *Greek Front: ** VIII Provisional Corps ** Yanya Corps The Yanya Corps or Independent Yanya Corps of the Ottoman Empire ( tr, Yanya Kolordusu) was one of the major formations under the command of the Ottoman Western Army. It was formed in Yanya (pres ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University) // CITED: p. 36 (PDF p. 38/338) also known as the Turkish Empire, was an empire that controlled much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia, and Northern Africa between the 14th and early 20th centuries. It was founded at the end of the 13th century in northwestern Anatolia in the town of Söğüt (modern-day Bilecik Province) by the Turkoman tribal leader Osman I. After 1354, the Ottomans crossed into Europe and, with the conquest of the Balkans, the Ottoman beylik was transformed into a transcontinental empire. The Ottomans ended the Byzantine Empire with the conquest of Constantinople in 1453 by Mehmed the Conqueror. Under the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent, the Ottoman Empire marked the peak of its power and prosperity, as well a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kingdom Of Montenegro
The Kingdom of Montenegro ( sr, Краљевина Црна Горa, Kraljevina Crna Gora) was a monarchy in southeastern Europe, present-day Montenegro, during the tumultuous period of time on the Balkan Peninsula leading up to and during World War I. Officially it was a constitutional monarchy, but absolutist in practice. On 28 November 1918, following the end of World War I, with the Montenegrin government still in exile, the Podgorica Assembly proclaimed unification with the Kingdom of Serbia, which itself was merged into the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes three days later, on 1 December 1918. This unification with Serbia would last, through various successor states, for almost 88 years, until finally coming to an end in 2006. History Prince Nicholas of Montenegro proclaimed the Kingdom of Montenegro in Cetinje on 28 August 1910, elevating the country from the rank of Principality. King Nicholas I had ruled the country as Prince since 1860, and had initiated seve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yanya Corps
The Yanya Corps or Independent Yanya Corps of the Ottoman Empire ( tr, Yanya Kolordusu) was one of the major formations under the command of the Ottoman Western Army. It was formed in Yanya (present-day Ioannina) area during the First Balkan War. Its commander was Esat Pasha. It fought the battles of Gribovo and Pente Pigadia against the Greek Army of Epirus. Pushed back to the Yanya Fortified Area, it held out against two Greek assaults but was eventually defeated and capitulated at the Battle of Bizani in 4–6 March 1913. Balkan wars Order of battle, 19 October 1912 On 19 October 1912, the corps was structured as follows:Edward J. Erickson, ''Defeat in Detail, The Ottoman Army in the Balkans, 1912–1913'', Westport, Praeger, 2003, p. 170. Yanya Corps HQ (commander: Esad Pasha, chief of staff: Binbaşı Ali Fuad Bey, later: Kaymakam Turgut Bey) * 23rd Regular Infantry Division (commander: Djevat Pasha, since March 1913: Ali Fuad Bey) ** 67th Infantry Regiment (comm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
VIII Corps (Ottoman Empire)
The VIII Corps of the Ottoman Empire (Turkish: ''8 nci Kolordu'' ''or'' ''Sekizinci Kolordu'') was one of the corps of the Ottoman Army. It was formed in the early 20th century as part of the Ottoman military reforms. Formation Order of Battle, 1911 With further reorganizations of the Ottoman Army, to include the creation of corps level headquarters, by 1911 the VIII Corps was headquartered in Damascus. The Corps before the First Balkan War in 1911 was structured as such:Edward J. Erickson, ''Defeat in Detail, The Ottoman Army in the Balkans, 1912–1913'', Westport, Praeger, 2003, p. 379. *VIII Corps, Damascus ** 25th Division, Dera ***73rd Infantry Regiment, Dera ***74th Infantry Regiment, Suveydiye ***75th Infantry Regiment, Kerek ***25th Rifle Battalion, Maan ***25th Division Band, Dera ** 26th Division, Halep ***76th Infantry Regiment, Halep ***77th Infantry Regiment, Maraş ***78th Infantry Regiment, Adana ***26th Rifle Battalion, Halep ***26th Field Artillery Regim ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
İpek Detachment
The İpek Detachment of the Ottoman Empire ( Turkish: ''İpek Müfrezesi'') was one of the Detachment under the command of the Ottoman Western Army. It was formed in İpek (present day: Peć) area during the First Balkan War The First Balkan War ( sr, Први балкански рат, ''Prvi balkanski rat''; bg, Балканска война; el, Αʹ Βαλκανικός πόλεμος; tr, Birinci Balkan Savaşı) lasted from October 1912 to May 1913 and invo .... Balkan Wars Order of Battle, October 19, 1912 On October 19, 1912, the detachment was structured as follows:Edward J. Erickson, ''Defeat in Detail, The Ottoman Army in the Balkans, 1912–1913'', Westport, Praeger, 2003, p. 170. *İpek Detachment HQ (Montenegrin Front, under the command of the Western Army) ** 21st Division ***61st Infantry Regiment ***62nd Infantry Regiment **Pirzerin Redif Division Sources Detachment of the Ottoman Empire Military units and formations of the Ottoman Empire ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
İşkodra Corps
The Scutari Corps, Işkodra Corps or Shkodër Corps of the Ottoman Empire ( Turkish: ''İşkodra Kolordusu'') was one of the corps under the command of the Ottoman Western Army. It was formed in Scutari (present day: Shkodër) area during the First Balkan War. Balkan Wars Order of Battle, October 19, 1912 On October 19, 1912, the corps was structured as follows:Edward J. Erickson, ''Defeat in Detail, The Ottoman Army in the Balkans, 1912–1913'', Westport, Praeger, 2003, p. 170.''Türk Silahlı Kuvvetleri Tarihi: Balkan Harbi, Garp Ordusu Karadağ Cephesi'', III ncü Cilt 3 ncü Kısım, Genelkurmay Basımevi, 1993, Kuruluşlar no 2-5. *Scutari Corps HQ (Montenegrin Front, under the command of the Western Army, commander: Kurmay Miralay Hasan Riza Bey, chief of staff: Kurmay Kaymakam Kaymakam, also known by many other romanizations, was a title used by various officials of the Ottoman Empire, including acting grand viziers, governors of provincial sanjaks, and ad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ustruma Corps
The Struma Corps or Usturma Corps of the Ottoman Empire ( Turkish: ''Usturma Kolordusu'') was one of the corps under the command of the Ottoman Western Army. It was formed in Ustruma ( Struma) area during the First Balkan War The First Balkan War ( sr, Први балкански рат, ''Prvi balkanski rat''; bg, Балканска война; el, Αʹ Βαλκανικός πόλεμος; tr, Birinci Balkan Savaşı) lasted from October 1912 to May 1913 and invo .... Balkan Wars Order of Battle, October 19, 1912 On October 19, 1912, the detachment was structured as follows:Edward J. Erickson, ''Defeat in Detail, The Ottoman Army in the Balkans, 1912–1913'', Westport, Praeger, 2003, p. 170. *Struma Corps HQ (Bulgarian Front, under the command of the Western Army) ** 14th Division **Serez Redif Division **Nevrekop Detachment Sources {{Ottoman Forces during the Balkan Wars Corps of the Ottoman Empire Military units and formations of the Ottoman Empire in th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zeki Pasha
Zeki Pashaİzzettin Çalışlar, ''On yıllık savaşın günlüğü: Balkan, Birinci Dünya ve İstiklal Savaşları'', Yapı Kredi Yayınları, 1997, ( tr, Zeki Paşa; 1862–1943), known as Mehmet Zeki Baraz Kolaç Kılıçoğlu after the 1934 Surname Law,Ekmeleddin İhsanoğlu name, ''Osmanlı Askerlik Literatürü Tarihi: History of Military Art and Science Literature during the Ottoman Period'', İslâm Tarih, Sanat ve Kültür Araştırma Merkezi (IRCICA), 2004, was an Ottoman Balkan Wars and World War I field marshal of the Ottoman Army. He was of Circassian descent. Career He graduated from the Ottoman Military Academy in 1883 and the Staff College in 1887. In 1894, as Commandant of the IV Corps, he was decorated for his participation during the Sassoun massacre. During the massacres, he reportedly stated, "not finding any rebellion we cleared the country so none should occur in the future." In 1912–1913, he was commander of the Vardar Army during the First Bal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vardar Army
The Vardar Army of the Ottoman Empire ( Turkish: ''Vardar Ordusu'') was one of the field armies under the command of the Western Army. It was formed during the mobilisation phase of the First Balkan War. Order of Battle, October 19, 1912 On October 19, 1912, the army was structured as follows:Edward J. Erickson, ''Defeat in Detail, The Ottoman Army in the Balkans, 1912–1913'', Westport, Praeger, 2003, p. 170. * Vardar Army HQ (Serbian Front, concentration center: Kumanovo) **V Corps *** 13th Division, 15th Division, 16th Division ***İştip Redif Division **VI Corps *** 17th Division, 18th Division ***Manastır Redif Division, Drama Redif Division **VII Corps *** 19th Division ***Üsküp Redif Division, Priştine Redif Division ** II Provisional Corps ***Uşak Redif Division, Smyrna Redif Division, Denizli Redif Division **Firzovik Detachment **Taşlıca Detachment **Independent Cavalry Division ***7th Cavalry Brigade, 8th Cavalry Brigade Order of Battle, November 12, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kingdom Of Bulgaria
The Tsardom of Bulgaria ( bg, Царство България, translit=Tsarstvo Balgariya), also referred to as the Third Bulgarian Tsardom ( bg, Трето Българско Царство, translit=Treto Balgarsko Tsarstvo, links=no), sometimes translated in English as Kingdom of Bulgaria ( bg, Крáлство България, Kralstvo Balgariya, links=no), was a constitutional monarchy in Southeastern Europe, which was established on 5 October ( O.S. 22 September) 1908, when the Bulgarian state was raised from a principality to a Tsardom. Ferdinand, founder of the royal family, was crowned a Tsar at the Declaration of Independence, mainly because of his military plans and for seeking options for unification of all lands in the Balkans region with an ethnic Bulgarian majority (lands that had been seized from Bulgaria and given to the Ottoman Empire in the Treaty of Berlin). The state was almost constantly at war throughout its existence, lending to its nickname as "the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kingdom Of Greece
The Kingdom of Greece ( grc, label=Greek, Βασίλειον τῆς Ἑλλάδος ) was established in 1832 and was the successor state to the First Hellenic Republic. It was internationally recognised by the Treaty of Constantinople, where Greece also secured its full independence from the Ottoman Empire after nearly four centuries. The Kingdom of Greece was dissolved in 1924 and the Second Hellenic Republic was established following Greece's defeat by Turkey in the Asia Minor Campaign. A military ''coup d'état'' restored the monarchy in 1935 and Greece became a Kingdom again until 1973. The Kingdom was finally dissolved in the aftermath of a seven-year military dictatorship (1967–1974) and the Third Hellenic Republic was established following a referendum held in 1974. Background The Greek-speaking Eastern Roman Empire, also known as Byzantine Empire, which ruled most of the Eastern Mediterranean region for over 1100 years, had been fatally weakened since the sackin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Field Army
A field army (or numbered army or simply army) is a military formation in many armed forces, composed of two or more corps and may be subordinate to an army group. Likewise, air armies are equivalent formation within some air forces, and within a navy the comparable notion is that of a fleet. A field army is composed of 300,000 to 600,000 troops. History Specific field armies are usually named or numbered to distinguish them from "army" in the sense of an entire national land military force. In English, the typical orthographic style for writing out the names field armies is word numbers, such as "First Army"; whereas corps are usually distinguished by Roman numerals (e.g. I Corps) and subordinate formations with ordinal numbers (e.g. 1st Division). A field army may be given a geographical name in addition to or as an alternative to a numerical name, such as the British Army of the Rhine, Army of the Potomac, Army of the Niemen or Aegean Army (also known as the Fourth Army ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
.svg "Click for more on -> Ottoman Empire")
