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Werrikimbe National Park
The Werrikimbe National Park is a protected national park located in the catchment zone of the Upper Hastings River in New South Wales, Australia. Gazetted in 1975, the park is situated approximately north of Sydney, north-west of , and east of Walcha on the eastern escarpment of the Great Dividing Range. The park is part of the Hastings-Macleay group World Heritage Site Gondwana Rainforests of Australia inscribed in 1986 and added to the Australian National Heritage List in 2007. Description Werrikimbe Park is noted for a rich diversity of plants and animals, rainforest, extensive wilderness, scenic wild rivers and opportunities for outdoor recreation in a remote location. This national park contains an Aboriginal stone arrangement of two stone rings, bora rings, where initiation ceremonies were held.Werrikimbe Wilderness, NSW National Parks & Wildlife Service, April 1996 Access and facilities All access roads to the park have a gravel surface, winding and steep in plac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tree Fern
The tree ferns are arborescent (tree-like) ferns that grow with a trunk elevating the fronds above ground level, making them trees. Many extant tree ferns are members of the order Cyatheales, to which belong the families Cyatheaceae (scaly tree ferns), Dicksoniaceae, Metaxyaceae, and Cibotiaceae. It is estimated that Cyatheales originated in the early Jurassic, and is the third group of ferns known to have given rise to tree-like forms. The others are the extinct '' Tempskya'' of uncertain position, and Osmundales where the extinct Guaireaceae and some members of Osmundaceae also grew into trees. In addition there were the Psaroniaceae and Tietea in the Marattiales, which is the sister group to most living ferns including Cyatheales. Other ferns which are also tree ferns, are ''Leptopteris'' and ''Todea'' in the family Osmundaceae, which can achieve short trunks under a metre tall. Fern species with short trunks in the genera ''Blechnum'', '' Cystodium'' and ''Sadleria'' from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Australian Aborigines
Aboriginal Australians are the various Indigenous peoples of the Australian mainland and many of its islands, such as Tasmania, Fraser Island, Hinchinbrook Island, the Tiwi Islands, and Groote Eylandt, but excluding the Torres Strait Islands. The term Indigenous Australians refers to Aboriginal Australians and Torres Strait Islanders collectively. It is generally used when both groups are included in the topic being addressed. Torres Strait Islanders are ethnically and culturally distinct, despite extensive cultural exchange with some of the Aboriginal groups. The Torres Strait Islands are mostly part of Queensland but have a separate governmental status. Aboriginal Australians comprise many distinct peoples who have developed across Australia for over 50,000 years. These peoples have a broadly shared, though complex, genetic history, but only in the last 200 years have they been defined and started to self-identify as a single group. Australian Aboriginal identity has cha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thismia
''Thismia'' is a genus of myco-heterotrophic plants in family Burmanniaceae, first described as a genus in 1845. It is native to East and Southeast Asia, New Guinea, Australia, New Zealand, and the Americas. ; Species * '' Thismia abei'' Hatus. – Awa, Shikoku Island, Japan * '' Thismia alba'' Holttum – S Thailand, Pahang * †'' Thismia americana'' N.Pfeiff. – extinct, formerly Lake Calumet, Illinois, USA * ''Thismia angustimitra'' S.ChantanaorrapintChantanaorrapint, S. 2008. A new species of the genus ''Thismia'' (Thismiaceae) from Thailand is described and illustrated. Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants 53(3); 524-526 http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/nhn/blumea/2008/00000053/00000003/art00004 – Thailand * '' Thismia annamensis'' K.Larsen & Aver. – Vietnam * ''Thismia arachnites'' Ridl. – W Malaysia * ''Thismia aseroe'' Becc. – Perak, Singapore * ''Thismia betung-kerihunensis'' Tsukaya & H.Okada – Kalimantan * ''Thismia bifida'' M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chiloglottis
''Chiloglottis'', commonly known as wasp orchids, ant orchids or bird orchids, is a genus of about 25 species of flowering plants in the orchid family, Orchidaceae and is found in eastern Australia and New Zealand. Wasp orchids are terrestrial herbs which grow in colonies of genetically identical plants. They usually have two leaves at the base of the plant and a single resupinate ("upside-down") flower. The labellum is more or less diamond-shaped and has calli resembling the body of a wingless female wasp. Taxonomy and naming The genus ''Chiloglottis'' was first formally described in 1810 by Robert Brown. Brown described '' Chiloglottis diphylla'' at the same time, making it the type species. David Jones has transferred some species, especially those commonly known as "bird orchids" (''Simpliglottis'') and "ant orchids" (''Myrmechila'') to other genera, but the change has not been widely accepted. Distribution This genus of orchids is native to Australia and New Zealand (i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sloanea Woollsii
''Sloanea woollsii'', commonly known as yellow carabeen, is a large tree species with plank buttresses that is native to northeastern NSW and eastern Queensland, Australia. Its southern distributional limit is near the town of Bulahdelah (32° S) at Tallowwood Forest Park and O'Sullivans Gap Reserve. ''Sloanea woollsii'' is one of the common tree species in subtropical rainforests of Australia growing up to 55 metres tall.Floyd, A. 1990: ''Australian Rainforests in New South Wales, Volume 1'' Surrey Beatty & Sons Pty Ltd, Chipping Norton, NSW. It is a typical long-lived (up to 800 years), slow growing and shade tolerant climax species In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate s .... References woollsii Flora of New South Wales Flora of Queensland Oxalidales of Austra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Philotheca Myoporoides
''Philotheca myoporoides'', commonly known as long-leaf wax flower, is a species of flowering plant in the family Rutaceae and is endemic to south-eastern Australia. It is a shrub with sessile, oblong to egg-shaped, glandular-warty leaves and white to pink flowers arranged singly in leaf axils. Prior to 1998 it was known as ''Eriostemon myoporoides''. Description ''Philotheca myoporoides'' is a species of shrub that typically grows to a height of . The leaves are sessile, oblong to broadly egg-shaped, glandular-warty, papery to leathery, long and wide with a prominent midrib. The flowers are arranged singly or in groups of up to eight, in leaf axils on a peduncle up to long, each flower on a pedicel long. The sepals are broadly triangular, about long and wide and the petals are white to pink, about long with a prominent keel. Flowering mainly occurs in spring and autumn and the fruit is about long with a beak about long. Taxonomy This species was first formally de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dendrocnide
''Dendrocnide'' is a genus of approximately 40 species of plants in the nettle family ''Urticaceae''. They have a wide distribution across North East India, Southeast Asia, Australia and the Pacific Islands. In Australia they are commonly known as stinging trees. Description Plants in this genus are evergreen shrubs or small trees, with the exception of the aptly-named giant stinging tree (''D. excelsa'') which may reach in height. Dendrocnide species have a sympodial growth habit and are armed with fine needle-like stinging hairs. They are generally fast-growing and produce soft wood, and are usually found in areas of disturbed forest where they fill the role of a pioneer species. The leaves are simple, alternate, and petiolate, (i.e. having long petioles or leaf-stems), and the leaf blade may be either entire or have some form of dentate toothing (notches or teeth on the edges of the leaf). The leaves are also often large, and may be either leathery or papery. The stipul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Atherosperma
''Atherosperma moschatum'', the southern sassafras or blackheart sassafras, is an evergreen tree native to the cool temperate rainforests of Tasmania, Victoria, and New South Wales in Australia. It is common in the rainforests of Tasmania and Victoria, but more scattered and rare in the higher altitudes of eastern New South Wales. The northernmost area is at Mount Grundy, west of Port Macquarie. Taxonomy The southern sassafras was first described by French naturalist Jacques Labillardière in 1806, and was the only member of the genus ''Atherosperma''. A subspecies, ''A. m.'' subsp.'' integrifolium'', has been considered a separate species. Its generic name is derived from the Ancient Greek ''ather'' "awn", and ''sperma'' "seed", from the hairs on the fruit, and the specific epithet ''moschatum'' is the Latin adjective meaning "musk-scented", from the smell of the bark. It is a member of the small family Atherospermataceae along with several other Australian rainforest trees inc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ceratopetalum Apetalum
''Ceratopetalum apetalum'', the coachwood, scented satinwood or tarwood, is a medium-sized hardwood tree, straight-growing with smooth, fragrant, greyish bark. It is native to eastern Australia in the central and northern coastal rainforests of New South Wales and southern Queensland, where is often found on poorer quality soils in gullies and creeks and often occurs in almost pure stands. ''C. apetalum'' is one of 8 species of ''Ceratopetalum'' occurring in eastern Australia, New Guinea, New Britain and various islands in the same region. Description Coachwood usually grows to a height of 25 metres, with a trunk diameter of , however exceptional specimens can reach 40 metres tall and live for centuries. The stem has distinctive horizontal marks, or scars, which often encircle the trunk. Larger trees have short buttresses. The heartwood is attractive with a colour ranging from pale pink to pinkish-brown. The sapwood is not always distinguishable, the grain is straight, finely ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Woodland
A woodland () is, in the broad sense, land covered with trees, or in a narrow sense, synonymous with wood (or in the U.S., the ''plurale tantum'' woods), a low-density forest forming open habitats with plenty of sunlight and limited shade (see differences between British, American, and Australian English explained below). Woodlands may support an understory of shrubs and herbaceous plants including grasses. Woodland may form a transition to shrubland under drier conditions or during early stages of primary or secondary succession. Higher-density areas of trees with a largely closed canopy that provides extensive and nearly continuous shade are often referred to as forests. Extensive efforts by conservationist groups have been made to preserve woodlands from urbanization and agriculture. For example, the woodlands of Northwest Indiana have been preserved as part of the Indiana Dunes. Definitions United Kingdom ''Woodland'' is used in British woodland management to mean tre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eucalypt
Eucalypt is a descriptive name for woody plants with capsule fruiting bodies belonging to seven closely related genera (of the tribe Eucalypteae) found across Australasia: ''Eucalyptus'', '' Corymbia'', '' Angophora'', ''Stockwellia'', ''Allosyncarpia'', ''Eucalyptopsis'' and ''Arillastrum''. Taxonomy For an example of changing historical perspectives, in 1991, largely genetic evidence indicated that some prominent ''Eucalyptus'' species were actually more closely related to ''Angophora'' than to other eucalypts; they were accordingly split off into the new genus ''Corymbia''. Although separate, all of these genera and their species are allied and it remains the standard to refer to the members of all seven genera ''Angophora'', ''Corymbia'', ''Eucalyptus'', ''Stockwellia'', ''Allosyncarpia'', ''Eucalyptopsis'' and ''Arillastrum'' as "eucalypts" or as the eucalypt group. The extant genera ''Stockwellia'', ''Allosyncarpia'', ''Eucalyptopsis'' and ''Arillastrum'' comprise six k ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Manganese
Manganese is a chemical element with the symbol Mn and atomic number 25. It is a hard, brittle, silvery metal, often found in minerals in combination with iron. Manganese is a transition metal with a multifaceted array of industrial alloy uses, particularly in stainless steels. It improves strength, workability, and resistance to wear. Manganese oxide is used as an oxidising agent; as a rubber additive; and in glass making, fertilisers, and ceramics. Manganese sulfate can be used as a fungicide. Manganese is also an essential human dietary element, important in macronutrient metabolism, bone formation, and free radical defense systems. It is a critical component in dozens of proteins and enzymes. It is found mostly in the bones, but also the liver, kidneys, and brain. In the human brain, the manganese is bound to manganese metalloproteins, most notably glutamine synthetase in astrocytes. Manganese was first isolated in 1774. It is familiar in the laboratory in the form of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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