|
Well Integrity
Well integrity, in regard to oil wells, is defined bNORSOK D-010as the "“Application of technical, operational and organizational solutions to reduce risk of uncontrolled release of formation fluids throughout the life cycle of a well”. There are various facets to well integrity, including accountability/responsibility, well operating processes, well service processes, tubing/annulus integrity, tree/wellhead integrity and testing of safety systems. A similar form of words are used in ISO 16530 well integrity standard Accountability/responsibility Accountability is the position that ensures a particular task is being done. They typically control the budget and organizational chart structure. Responsibility is the position that actually does the task. There are a variety of tasks associated with well integrity and responsibility can reside with a field's well operations engineer, operators, well service technicians, etc. Well operating processes This includes processes such ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oil Well
An oil well is a drillhole boring in Earth that is designed to bring petroleum oil hydrocarbons to the surface. Usually some natural gas is released as associated petroleum gas along with the oil. A well that is designed to produce only gas may be termed a gas well. Wells are created by drilling down into an oil or gas reserve that is then mounted with an extraction device such as a pumpjack which allows extraction from the reserve. Creating the wells can be an expensive process, costing at least hundreds of thousands of dollars, and costing much more when in hard to reach areas, e.g., when creating offshore oil platforms. The process of modern drilling for wells first started in the 19th century, but was made more efficient with advances to oil drilling rigs during the 20th century. Wells are frequently sold or exchanged between different oil and gas companies as an asset – in large part because during falls in price of oil and gas, a well may be unproductive, but if price ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Organizational Chart
An organizational chart, also called organigram, organogram, or organizational breakdown structure (OBS) is a diagram that shows the structure of an organization and the relationships and relative ranks of its parts and positions/jobs. The term is also used for similar diagrams, for example ones showing the different elements of a field of knowledge or a group of languages. Overview The organization chart is a diagram showing graphically the relation of one official to another, or others, of a company. It is also used to show the relation of one department to another, or others, or of one function of an organization to another, or others. This chart is valuable in that it enables one to visualize a complete organization, by means of the picture it presents.Allan Cecil Haskell, Joseph G. Breaznell (1922) Graphic charts in business: how to make and use them'. p. 78 A company's organizational chart typically illustrates relations between people within an organization. Such relat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Well Services
Well services is a department within a petroleum production company through which matters concerning existing wells are handled. Having a shared well services department for all (or at least multiple) assets operated by a company is seen as advantageous as it allows the pooling of talent, experience and resources for managing wells. The term may sometimes be used to encompass the larger section of the industry responsible for wells including the supplier companies as well the operating company's wells department. Remit A well is initially drilled and completed under the control of the drilling and completions department operating under the request of the asset. Once the well is completed, control is transferred to the asset's production team, who will operate the well as appropriate for their purposes. Should any issues of well integrity or any requirement for well work arise, the asset will refer the issue to the well services. During interventions, control of affected well i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Production Tubing
Production tubing is a tube used in a wellbore through which production fluids are produced (travel). Background Production tubing is run into the drilled well after the casing is run and cemented in place. Production tubing protects wellbore casing from wear, tear, corrosion, and deposition of by-products, such as sand / silt, paraffins, and asphaltenes. Along with other components that constitute the production string, it provides a continuous bore from the production zone to the wellhead through which oil and gas can be produced. It is usually between five and ten centimeters in diameter and is held inside the casing through the use of expandable packing devices. Purpose and design of production tubing is to enable quick, efficient, and safe installation, removal and re-installation. If there is more than one zone of production in the well, up to four lines of production tubing can be run. Production casing Production casing is the final casing string set in a well and usua ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Casing (oil Well)
Casing is a large diameter pipe that is assembled and inserted into a recently drilled section of a borehole. Similar to the bones of a spine protecting the spinal cord, casing is set inside the drilled borehole to protect and support the wellstream. The lower portion (and sometimes the entirety) is typically held in place with cement. Deeper strings usually are not cemented all the way to the surface, so the weight of the pipe must be partially supported by a casing hanger in the wellhead. Casing that is cemented in place aids the drilling process in several ways: * Prevents contamination of fresh water well zones. * Prevents unstable upper formations from caving in and sticking the drill string or forming large caverns. * Provides a strong upper foundation to allow use of high-density drilling fluid to continue drilling deeper. * Isolates various zones, which may have different pressures or fluids, in the drilled formations from one another. * Seals off high pressure zones f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Annulus (oil Well)
The annulus of an oil well or water well is any void between any piping, tubing or casing and the piping, tubing, or casing immediately surrounding it.SchlumbergeOilfield Glossary: Term 'annulus', retrieved 18 February 2010. It is named after the corresponding geometric concept. The presence of an annulus gives the ability to circulate fluid in the well, provided that excess drill cuttings have not accumulated in the annulus, preventing fluid movement and possibly sticking the pipe in the borehole. For a new well in the process of being drilled, this would be the void between the drill string and the formation being drilled. An easy way to visualise this would be to stand a straw (purple in diagram) straight up in the center of a glass of water. All of the water in between the straw and the sides of the glass would be the annulus (yellow area in diagram), with the straw itself representing the drill string and the sides of the glass representing the formation. While drilli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gas Lift
Gas lift or bubble pumps use the artificial lift technique of raising a fluid such as water or oil by introducing bubbles of compressed air, water vapor or other vaporous bubbles into the outlet tube. This has the effect of reducing the hydrostatic pressure in the outlet tube vs. the hydrostatic pressure at the inlet side of the tube. Devices using this type of lift mechanism: *Coffee percolators and electric drip coffeemakers use vaporized water to lift hot water *Airlift pumps uses compressed air to lift water *Pulser pumps use a subterranean chamber of air for an airlift pump * Suction dredges use an airlift pump to vacuum mud, sand and debris *Mist lift pumps uses vaporized water to lift seawater in Ocean thermal energy conversion Petroleum industry uses In the United States, gas lift is used in 10% of the oil wells that have insufficient reservoir pressure to produce the well. In the petroleum industry, the process involves injecting gas through the tubing-casing annulus. I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MAASP
Maximum Allowable Annulus Surface Pressure is an absolute upper limit for the pressure in the annulus of an oil and gas well as measured at the wellhead. Background Preserving well integrity is a vital task for the operators. This includes ensuring that the annuli remain intact. One major threat to annulus integrity is overpressure within the annulus, which could lead to burst or collapse of a casing or damage to the formation below. This will happen first at the shoe of the annulus because the pressure will naturally be higher with the weight of the column of brine. However, annuli usually only have pressure gauges at the wellhead. Therefore, a MAASP is calculated to provide a surface pressure, which will produce the limiting pressure at the shoe. Determining a MAASP There are four different ways an annulus may be overpressured: burst of the outside casing, collapse of the inside casing, fracturing of the formation at the shoe, overpressure of the surface equipment. Ea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Subsea
Subsea technology involves fully submerged ocean equipment, operations, or applications, especially when some distance offshore, in deep ocean waters, or on the seabed. The term ''subsea'' is frequently used in connection with oceanography, marine or ocean engineering, ocean exploration, remotely operated vehicle (ROVs) autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs), submarine communications or power cables, seafloor mineral mining, oil and gas, and offshore wind power. Oil and gas Oil and gas fields reside beneath many inland waters and offshore areas around the world, and in the oil and gas industry the term ''subsea'' relates to the exploration, drilling and development of oil and gas fields in these underwater locations. Under water oil fields and facilities are generically referred to using a ''subsea'' prefix, such as ''subsea well'', ''subsea field'', ''subsea project'', and ''subsea developments.'' Subsea oil field developments are usually split into ''Shallow water'' and ''Deep ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wellhead
A wellhead is the component at the surface of an oil or gas well that provides the structural and pressure-containing interface for the drilling and production equipment. The primary purpose of a wellhead is to provide the suspension point and pressure seals for the casing strings that run from the bottom of the hole sections to the surface pressure control equipment. While drilling the oil well, surface pressure control is provided by a blowout preventer (BOP). If the pressure is not contained during drilling operations by the column of drilling fluid, casings, wellhead, and BOP, a well blowout could occur. When the well has been drilled, it is completed to provide an interface with the reservoir rock and a tubular conduit for the well fluids. The surface pressure control is provided by a Christmas tree, which is installed on top of the wellhead, with isolation valves and choke equipment to control the flow of well fluids during production. Wellheads are typically welded on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Christmas Tree (oil Well)
In petroleum and natural gas extraction, a Christmas tree, or "tree", is an assembly of valves, casing spools, and fittings used to regulate the flow of pipes in an oil well, gas well, water injection well, water disposal well, gas injection well, condensate well, and other types of well. Overview The first primitive Christmas Tree was used by the Hamill Brothers to bring Spindletop under control. It consisted of a T-valve, with a and valve on the vertical pipe, and a 6-inch valve on the horizontal pipe. The vertical valve was closed first, and then the valve to the horizontal pipe. Christmas trees are used on both surface and subsea wells. It is common to identify the type of tree as either "subsea tree" or "surface tree". Each of these classifications has a number of variations. Examples of subsea include conventional, dual bore, mono bore, TFL (through flow line), horizontal, mudline, mudline horizontal, side valve, and TBT (through-bore tree) trees. The deepest install ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
