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Wawina, Minnesota
Wawina is an unincorporated community in Wawina Township, Itasca County, Minnesota, United States. The community is located between Grand Rapids and Floodwood at the junction of U.S. Highway 2 and Itasca County Road 25. Nearby places include Floodwood, Swan River, Warba, Jacobson, and Goodland. Wawina is located 13 miles northwest of Floodwood. Wawina is also located 23 miles southeast of Grand Rapids; and 53 miles northwest of Duluth. The boundary line between Itasca, Saint Louis, and Aitkin counties is nearby. The community of Wawina is located within Wawina Township (population 77). ZIP Codes 55736 (Floodwood) and 55784 (Swan River) meet at Wawina. History A post office called Wawina was established in 1912, and remained in operation until 1993. Wawina is a name derived from the Ojibwe language ''waawiinaa'' meaning "I mention him often" from ''wiinzh'' meaning "mention him/her". Culture Wawina has the distinction of having America's smallest telephone compan ...
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Unincorporated Area
An unincorporated area is a region that is not governed by a local municipal corporation. Widespread unincorporated communities and areas are a distinguishing feature of the United States and Canada. Most other countries of the world either have no unincorporated areas at all or these are very rare: typically remote, outlying, sparsely populated or List of uninhabited regions, uninhabited areas. By country Argentina In Argentina, the provinces of Chubut Province, Chubut, Córdoba Province (Argentina), Córdoba, Entre Ríos Province, Entre Ríos, Formosa Province, Formosa, Neuquén Province, Neuquén, Río Negro Province, Río Negro, San Luis Province, San Luis, Santa Cruz Province, Argentina, Santa Cruz, Santiago del Estero Province, Santiago del Estero, Tierra del Fuego Province, Argentina, Tierra del Fuego, and Tucumán Province, Tucumán have areas that are outside any municipality or commune. Australia Unlike many other countries, Australia has only local government in Aus ...
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Warba, Minnesota
Warba is a city in Itasca County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 181 at the 2010 census. U.S. Highway 2 serves as a main route in the community. History A post office called Warba has been in operation since 1910. Warba is a name derived from the Ojibwe language meaning "soon". Geography According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which is land and is water. Warba is along the Swan River. It is 14 miles east-southeast of Grand Rapids. Demographics 2010 census As of the census of 2010, there were 181 people, 77 households, and 47 families living in the city. The population density was . There were 90 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 97.2% White and 2.8% Native American. There were 77 households, of which 29.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.2% were married couples living together, 10.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 6.5% had a male hous ...
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John Draper
John Thomas Draper (born March 11, 1943), also known as Captain Crunch, Crunch, or Crunchman (after the Cap'n Crunch breakfast cereal mascot), is an American computer programmer and former phreaking, phone phreak. He is a widely known figure within the computer programming world and the Security hacker, hacker and security community, and generally lives a nomadic lifestyle. Following the emergence of the Me Too movement in 2017, allegations against him dating back decades surfaced in media reports and in social media posts concerning claims of inappropriate sexual behavior. Draper denied any sexual intent but did not address all of the allegations directly. Early life Draper is the son of a United States Air Force engineer. As a child, he built a home radio station from discarded military components. He was frequently bullied in school and briefly received psychological treatment. After taking college courses, Draper enlisted in the U.S. Air Force in 1964. While stationed in ...
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Phreak
Phreaking is a slang term coined to describe the activity of a culture of people who study, experiment with, or explore telecommunication systems, such as equipment and systems connected to public telephone networks. The term ''phreak'' is a sensational spelling of the word ''freak'' with the ''ph-'' from ''phone'', and may also refer to the use of various audio frequencies to manipulate a phone system. ''Phreak'', ''phreaker'', or ''phone phreak'' are names used for and by individuals who participate in phreaking. The term first referred to groups who had reverse engineered the system of tones used to route long-distance calls. By re-creating these tones, phreaks could switch calls from the phone handset, allowing free calls to be made around the world. To ease the creation of these tones, electronic tone generators known as blue boxes became a staple of the phreaker community. This community included future Apple Inc. cofounders Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak. The blue box er ...
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2600 Hz
A blue box is an electronic device that produces tones used to generate the in-band signaling tones formerly used within the North American long-distance telephone network to send line status and called number information over voice circuits. This allowed the user, referred to as a "phreaker", to surreptitiously place long-distance calls that would be billed to another number or dismissed entirely as an incomplete call. A number of similar "color boxes" were also created to control other aspects of the phone network. First developed in the 1960s and used by a small phreaker community, the introduction of low-cost microelectronics in the early 1970s greatly simplified these devices to the point where they could be constructed by anyone reasonably competent with a soldering iron or breadboard construction. Soon after, models of relatively low quality were being offered fully assembled, but these generally required tinkering on the part of the user to keep operational. An exceptio ...
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Ojibwe Language
Ojibwe , also known as Ojibwa , Ojibway, Otchipwe,R. R. Bishop Baraga, 1878''A Theoretical and Practical Grammar of the Otchipwe Language''/ref> Ojibwemowin, or Anishinaabemowin, is an indigenous language of North America of the Algonquian language family.Goddard, Ives, 1979.Bloomfield, Leonard, 1958. The language is characterized by a series of dialects that have local names and frequently local writing systems. There is no single dialect that is considered the most prestigious or most prominent, and no standard writing system that covers all dialects. Dialects of Ojibwemowin are spoken in Canada, from southwestern Quebec, through Ontario, Manitoba and parts of Saskatchewan, with outlying communities in Alberta;Nichols, John, 1980, pp. 1–2. and in the United States, from Michigan to Wisconsin and Minnesota, with a number of communities in North Dakota and Montana, as well as groups that removed to Kansas and Oklahoma during the Indian Removal period. While there is some var ...
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Aitkin County, Minnesota
Aitkin County ( ) is a County (United States), county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of the 2020 United States census, 2020 census, the population was 15,697. Its county seat is Aitkin, Minnesota, Aitkin. Part of the Mille Lacs Indian Reservation is in the county. The county was created in 1857 and organized in 1871. History Aitkin County was established in 1857 as ''Aiken County''. The current spelling was adopted in 1872. It was named for William Alexander Aitken, a fur trader for the American Fur Company, under John Jacob Astor. Formed from Ramsey County, Minnesota, Ramsey and Pine County, Minnesota, Pine counties, Aiken County originally consisted of the 17 township (United States), townships closest to Mille Lacs Lake. It acquired outlands of Ramsey, Itasca County, Minnesota, Itasca and Pine Counties to its north and east. It was organized in 1871, taking up lands from Cass County, Minnesota, Cass and Itasca Counties and losing a point in the southwestern corner to Crow ...
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Duluth, Minnesota
, settlement_type = City , nicknames = Twin Ports (with Superior), Zenith City , motto = , image_skyline = , image_caption = Clockwise from top: urban Duluth skyline; Minnesota Point beach; Duluth Ship Canal and Aerial Lift Bridge with Canal Park in background; and North Pier Lighthouse with freighter arriving , image_flag = Flag_of_Duluth,_Minnesota.svg , flag_alt = Flag of Duluth (gold star on a light blue banner with white, green, and dark blue waves below) , image_map = St. Louis County Minnesota Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Duluth Highlighted.svg , mapsize = 250x200px , map_caption = Location of the city of Duluthwithin St. Louis County, Minnesota , image_map1 = , mapsize1 = , map_caption1 = , pushpin_map = Minnesota#USA , pushpin_label = Duluth , pushp ...
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Grand Rapids, Minnesota
Grand Rapids is a city in Itasca County, Minnesota, United States, and it is the county seat. The population is 11,126 according to the 2020 census. The city is named for the long rapids in the Mississippi River which was the uppermost limit of practical steamboat travel during the late 19th century. Today the rapids are hidden below the dam of UPM Paper Company. History Grand Rapids became a logging town, as the Mississippi River provided an optimal method of log shipment to population centers. Blandin paper mill opened in 1902. The Forest History Center is a State Historic Site and a living history museum that recreates life as it was in a turn of the 20th century logging camp. Costumed interpreters guide visitors through a recreated circa 1890s logging camp to educate the public on the history of white pine logging and its relevance to today's economy. Miles of nature trails, educational naturalist programming, and an interpretive museum are also located on the site. Old ...
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Goodland, Minnesota
Goodland is an unincorporated community in Goodland Township, Itasca County, Minnesota, United States. The community is located east-southeast of Grand Rapids at the junction of Itasca County Roads 16 and 20; and State Highway 65 ( MN 65). The boundary line between Itasca and Saint Louis counties is nearby. Nearby places include Pengilly, Swan River, Warba, Wawina, and Silica. Goodland is located six miles north of Swan River and 12 miles south of Pengilly. Goodland is 19 miles east-southeast of Grand Rapids; and 22 miles southwest of Hibbing Hibbing is a city in Saint Louis County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 16,214 at the 2020 census. The city was built on mining the rich iron ore of the Mesabi Iron Range and still relies on that industrial activity today. At th .... The community of Goodland is located within Goodland Township (population 466). Floodwood Lake is nearby. Goodland is 24 miles northwest of Floodwood and 25 miles west-northwest of ...
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Jacobson, Minnesota
Jacobson is an unincorporated community in Ball Bluff Township, Aitkin County, Minnesota, United States. Formerly a logging town known as "Mississippi Landing", it is named after Paul Jacobson, who served as the first postmaster. Minnesota State Highways 65 and 200 __NOTOC__ Year 200 ( CC) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Severus and Victorinus (or, less frequently, year 953 '' Ab ur ... are two of the main routes in the community. Community Jacobson consists of a gas station, Mississippi Landing; a campground right off the banks of the river; three churches of different denominations; and a bar, The Forestry Station. There is also a park with a baseball diamond and a playground. References Unincorporated communities in Minnesota Unincorporated communities in Aitkin County, Minnesota Minnesota populated places on the Mississippi River ...
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